Showing papers by "Oklahoma State University–Stillwater published in 1989"
TL;DR: A number of studies have shown that consumption of milk products containing L. acidophilus has the potential for: 1) preventing or controlling intestinal infections, 2) improving lactose digestion in persons classified as lactose maldigestors, 3) helping control serum cholesterol levels, and 4) exerting anticarcinogenic activity as discussed by the authors.
257 citations
TL;DR: Serum ferritin and serum Zn increased significantly, but hemoglobin, hematocrit, and ceruloplasmin were not affected by this treatment, and inclusion of Fe with Zn ameliorates the effect on Fe but not on Cu status.
215 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new methodology is developed for determining the optimal (minium-cost) design of water distribution systems based on a generalized reduced gradient model to solve a problem that is reduced in size and complexity by implicitly solving the conservation of mass and energy equations.
Abstract: A new methodology is developed for determining the optimal (minium‐cost) design of water distribution systems. The components that can be sized are the pipe network, pumps or pump station, and tanks. In addition, the optimal settings for control and pressure‐reducing valves can be determined. This methodology couples nonlinear programming techniques with existing water distribution simulation models. Previous methodologies have typically simplified the system hydraulics to be able to solve the optimization problem. This new methodology retains the generality of the hydraulic simulation model so that the problem is only limited by the ability of the simulation model rather than the optimization model. The methodology uses a generalized reduced gradient model to solve a problem that is reduced in size and complexity by implicitly solving the conservation of mass and energy equations using the hydraulic simulator and an augmented Lagrangian approach to incorporate pressure head bounds in the objective functi...
212 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a chance constrained model is presented for the minimum cost design of water distribution networks, which attempts to account for the uncertainties in required demands, required pressure heads, and pipe roughness coefficients.
Abstract: A chance constrained model is presented for the minimum cost design of water distribution networks. This methodology attempts to account for the uncertainties in required demands, required pressure heads, and pipe roughness coefficients. The optimization problem is formulated as a nonlinear programming model which is solved using a generalized reduced gradient method. Details of the mathematical model formulation are presented along with example applications. Results illustrate that uncertainties in future demands, pressure head requirements, and pipe roughness can have significant effects on the optimal network design and cost.
207 citations
TL;DR: Monitoring of cutting tool wear based on time series analysis of acoustic emission signals suggests that tool wear detection can be achieved by monitoring the evolution of the model parameter vector during machining processes.
Abstract: :This paper discusses th.e monitoring of cutting tool wear based on time series analysis of acoustic emission signals. In cutting operations, acoustic emission provides useful information concerning the tool wear condition because of the fundamental dif ferences between its source mechanisms in the rubbing friction on the wear land and the dislocation action in the shear zones. In this study, a signal processing scheme is developed which uses an autoregressive time-series to model the acoustic emission generated during cutting. The modeling scheme is implemented with a stochastic gradient algorithm to update the model parameters adaptively and is thus a suitable candidate for in-process sensing applications. This technique encodes the acoustic emission signal features into a time varying model parameter vector. Ex periments indicate that the parameter vector ignores the change of cutting param eters, but shows a strong sensitivity to the progress of cutting tool wear. This result suggests that tool wear detection can be achieved by monitoring the evolution of the model parameter vector during machining processes.
189 citations
TL;DR: The spo0H81 mutation causes a threonine to isoleucine substitution in a region of sigma H that is highly homologous among sigma factors of diverse origins, and it is discussed the possibility that Thr100 is an amino acid-base-pair contact site and that s Sigma factors contact the -10 region of their cognate promoters by means of amino acid residues in this highly conserved region.
158 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the impact of operating environments, external or internal, on MRP system nervousness, which is caused by various operating variables and environmental factors in a factory simulation.
Abstract: SUMMARY Material requirements planning (MRP) systems have become a dominant method in production scheduling and inventory control over the last decade. An MRP is a very complicated information system. It needs to be updated frequently in order to reflect unplanned events, such as machine breakdowns, that exist within or outside the production system. However, the resultant frequent disruption of open orders is a major operational problem of MRP systems, which is generally referred to as 'system nervousness'. MRP system nervousness is caused by various operating variables and environmental factors. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of operating environments, external or internal, on MRP system nervousness. Several studies have addressed the effectiveness of alternative strategies for reducing MRP system nervousness in a number of operating environments. In this study, a factory simulation is used as an experimental vehicle to investigate the impact on M R P system nervousness of various f...
152 citations
146 citations
TL;DR: Results were consistent with the idea that there may often be a moderate degree of functional dependence between dental fear and the other fears identified here.
145 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the up-conversion of infrared radiation into green, red, and 805-nm fluorescence has been studied for the ionization of fluorine glass over a wide temperature range and several dopant concentrations.
Abstract: The up-conversion of infrared radiation into green, red, and 805-nm fluorescence has been studied for ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}$ ions in both ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$-doped and non-${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$-doped ${\mathrm{BaF}}_{2}$-${\mathrm{ThF}}_{4}$ fluoride glass over a wide temperature range and several dopant concentrations. It has been found that the addition of ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}$ preferentially quenches the up-conversion efficiency of the green emission corresponding to a transition from the $^{4}\mathrm{S}_{3/2}$ level of ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$. The decrease in emission amounts to a factor of about 50 for a concentration of 0.5 mol % ${\mathrm{TmF}}_{3}$ at 300 K. The quenching effect is discussed in terms of energy transfer between ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}$ ions. A rate equation model and a Judd-Ofelt analysis used in conjunction with the appropriate optical data lead to an understanding of the up-conversion process. The absolute values of the energy transfer rates and the electron populations in the lower excited states of the excited ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}$ ions can be determined. This information should enable researchers to tailor materials to improve the efficiency of the up-conversion and laser devices.
145 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison between the two-sample t test and Satterthwaite's approximate F test is made, assuming the choice between these two tests is based on a preliminary test on the variances.
Abstract: A comparison between the two-sample t test and Satterthwaite's approximate F test is made, assuming the choice between these two tests is based on a preliminary test on the variances. Exact formulas for the sizes and powers of the tests are derived. Sizes and powers are then calculated and compared for several situations.
TL;DR: Protein electrophoresis indicated that, by 1985, panmictic admixtures of these two pupfishes occupied approximately 430 river‐kilometers of the Pecos River, roughly one‐half of the historic range of the endemic species.
Abstract: Apparently between 1980 and 1984, Cyprinodon variegatus was introduced into an area of the Pecos River in Texas, where it hybridized with an endemic species, C. pecosensis. Protein electrophoresis indicated that, by 1985, panmictic admixtures of these two pupfishes occupied approximately 430 river-kilometers of the Pecos River, roughly one-half of the historic range of the endemic species. The average frequency of introduced alleles at four diagnostic loci ranged from 0.18 to 0.84 at the 15 sites sampled from the Pecos River in Texas. Clinal patterns in allele frequencies suggest that C. variegatus was introduced into a mid-reach of the river and that this was followed by both upstream and downstream dispersal of the introduced alleles. All pairwise combinations of loci showed significant linkage disequilibrium. The level of disequilibrium indicates chromosomal linkage for one gene-pair, Gpi-A and Est-1. The change in pupfish allele frequencies in the Pecos River represents an extreme example of rapid natural selection in a seminatural situation.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors construct quality control charts using the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) for subgroups of size n and individual data, and the emphasis of the control chart of the subgroups is defined.
Abstract: Some studies have been done to construct quality control charts using the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average, EWMA. However, they have been done implicitly for subgroups of size n and individual data. Moreover, the emphasis of the control chart of ..
TL;DR: The sequence of the complementing DNA revealed that the srfB gene is comA, an early competence gene which codes for a product similar to that of the activator class of bacterial two-component regulatory systems, suggesting that surfactin production is positively regulated at the transcriptional level by the srfA (comA) gene product.
Abstract: A Tn917 insertion mutation srfB impairs the production of the lipopeptide antibiotic surfactin in Bacillus subtilis. srfB is located between aroG and ald in the B. subtilis genome, as determined by phage PBS1 transduction mapping, and is not linked to the previously described surfactin loci sfp or srfA. A srfB mutant was found to be also deficient in the establishment of competence. SP beta phage-mediated complementation analysis showed that both competence and surfactin production were restored in the srfB mutant by a single DNA fragment of 1.5 kilobase pairs. The sequence of the complementing DNA revealed that the srfB gene is comA, an early competence gene which codes for a product similar to that of the activator class of bacterial two-component regulatory systems. The srfB mutation impaired the expression of a srfA-lacZ fusion, suggesting that surfactin production is positively regulated at the transcriptional level by the srfB (comA) gene product. Images
TL;DR: Pasteurella haemolytica A1 leukotoxin causes rapid leakage of intracellular K+ and cell swelling and slower, Ca2+-dependent formation of large plasma membrane defects and leakage of lactate dehydrogenase from bovine lymphoma cells (BL3 cells).
Abstract: Pasteurella haemolytica A1 leukotoxin causes rapid (5 to 15 min) leakage of intracellular K+ and cell swelling and slower (15 to 60 min), Ca2+-dependent formation of large plasma membrane defects (congruent to 100 nm) and leakage of lactate dehydrogenase from bovine lymphoma cells (BL3 cells) (K. D. Clinkenbeard, D. A. Mosier, A. L. Timko, and A. W. Confer, Am. J. Vet. Res., in press). Incubation of BL3 cells in medium made hypertonic by inclusion of 75 mM sucrose blocked leukotoxin-induced cell swelling, formation of large plasma membrane defects, and leakage of lactate dehydrogenase but did not block leukotoxin-induced leakage of intracellular K+. Carbohydrates with molecular weights less than that of sucrose, e.g., mannitol, did not block leukotoxin-induced cell swelling of BL3 cells. Increasing the concentration of mannitol to twice that of sucrose still resulted in no protective effect. Assuming that leukotoxin acts as a transmembrane molecular sieve, then the functional transmembrane pore size formed by leukotoxin in BL3 cells is slightly less than the size of sucrose, i.e., 0.9 nm. Exposure of BL3 cells to leukotoxin for 15 or 45 min followed by the addition of hypertonic sucrose to the incubation medium reversed leukotoxin-induced cell swelling and prevented further leakage of lactate dehydrogenase. Leukotoxin-induced leakage of lactate dehydrogenase required both cell swelling and Ca2+-dependent processes. The Ca2+-dependent steps can occur before or concurrent with cell swelling.
TL;DR: In this paper, cell walls isolated from carrot, cotton, tobacco, and tomato with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) at −23° generated a high yield of disaccharides of galacturonic acid and rhamnose from the backbone of the pectins.
TL;DR: In this paper, three bioamperometric phenol sensors, incorporating the enzyme tyrosinase (E.C. 1.14.18.1) and hexacyanoferrate ions electrostatically immobilized on poly(4-vinylpyridine) utilizing carbon paste electrodes for detection, are described.
TL;DR: The bio1 mutant of Arabidopsis described in this report clearly demonstrates that some auxotrophs in higher plants are eliminated through embryonic lethality, and is described as an embryo-lethal mutant that can be rescued by the addition of biotin to arrested embryos cultured in vitro and to mutant plants grown in soil.
TL;DR: Findings reinforce the hypothesis that AbrB represses gene expression through its direct interaction with the transcription initiation regions of genes under its control.
Abstract: The abrB gene of Bacillus subtilis is believed to encode a repressor that controls the expression of genes involved in starvation-induced processes such as sporulation and the production of antibiotics and degradative enzymes Two such genes, spoVG, a sporulation gene of B subtilis, and tycA, which encodes tyrocidine synthetase I of the tyrocidine biosynthetic pathway in Bacillus brevis, are negatively regulated by abrB in B subtilis To examine the role of abrB in the repression of gene transcription, the AbrB protein was purified and then tested for its ability to bind to spoVG and tycA promoter DNA In a gel mobility shift experiment, AbrB was found to bind to a DNA fragment containing the sequence from -95 to +61 of spoVG AbrB protein exhibited reduced affinity for DNA of two mutant forms of the spoVG promoter that had been shown to be insensitive to abrB-dependent repression in vivo These studies showed that an upstream A + T-rich sequence from -37 to -95 was required for optimal AbrB binding AbrB protein was also observed to bind to the tycA gene within a region between the transcription start site and the tycA coding sequence as well as to a region containing the putative tycA promoter These findings reinforce the hypothesis that AbrB represses gene expression through its direct interaction with the transcription initiation regions of genes under its control
TL;DR: In this article, a stepwise multiple regression approach was used to assess the relationships among sex-role orientation, gender, problem-solving appraisal and coping style choices, and found that masculinity and maleness are positively related to problem solving appraisal, confidence, and willingness to approach problem solving situations.
Abstract: In this study, 138 subjects were administered the Bern Sex-Role Inventory (Bem, 1974), the Problem-Solving Inventory (Heppner, 1986), and the FIRO-Cope (Schutz, 1962) to assess the relationships among sex-role orientation, gender, problem-solving appraisal and coping style choices. Using a stepwise multiple regression approach, findings revealed that masculinity and maleness are positively related to problem-solving appraisal, confidence, and willingness to approach problem-solving situations. Choice of coping strategies was mediated by gender and sex-role orientation. Maleness was positively related to the use of denial, whereas femaleness was related to the greater utilization of turning against self. These results point to the need for a reconceptualization of androgyny and its impact on an individual's psychological well-being.
TL;DR: The similar genome organization and amino acid sequence homology of MCMV with CarMV and TCV suggest an evolutionary relationship with these members of the carmovirus group.
Abstract: The complete nucleotide sequence of the maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) genome has been determined to be 4437 nucleotides. The viral genome has four long open reading frames (ORFs) which could encode polypeptides of 31.6, 50, 8.9 and 25.1 kd. If the termination codons, for the polypeptides encoded by the 50 and 8.9 kd ORFs are suppressed, readthrough products of 111 and 32.7 kd result. The 31.6 and 50 kd ORFs overlap for nearly the entire length of the 31.6 kd ORF. Striking amino acid homology has been observed between two potential polypeptides encoded by MCMV and polypeptides encoded by carnation mottle virus (CarMV) and turnip crinkle virus (TCV). The 25.1 kd ORF most likely encodes the capsid protein. The similar genome organization and amino acid sequence homology of MCMV with CarMV and TCV suggest an evolutionary relationship with these members of the carmovirus group.
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01 Jan 1989TL;DR: Hoch and Slayton as mentioned in this paper argue that the answers to one of the most pressing problems of our time come from the poor themselves, and that public urban renewal efforts, which destroyed the bulk of these hotels with the intent to rid the inner city of the Skid Row homeless, actually laid the foundation for today's urban homeless crisis.
Abstract: Blending detailed historical perspective with contemporary survey research, Charles Hoch and Robert Slayton argue that the answers to one of the most pressing problems of our time come from the poor themselves. Their examination of the Skid Row single room occupancy hotel (SRO) reveals how communities formed by low-income single-person households have for decades offered the security, personal autonomy, and privacy for the "old" homeless that the "new" homeless lack. And they show how public urban renewal efforts, which destroyed the bulk of these hotels with the intent to rid the inner city of the Skid Row homeless, actually laid the foundation for today's urban homeless crisis. Focusing on Chicago from 1870 to the present, but including case studies in other cities, Hoch and Slayton analyze how these SRO hotels operated in the past and claim that the term "flop house" really described a wide range of shelter types available to the poor according to their economic conditions. Based on their research, the authors conclude that policies for solving the homeless problem should focus mainly not on the homeless people, but on the institutional actors who benefit directly and indirectly from their predicament. This means changing public policies that encourage the destruction of affordable housing, especially SRO hotels, and implementing preservation, rehabilitation, and new construction policies instead. Author note: Charles Hoch is Associate Professor in the School of Urban Planning and Policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Robert A. Slayton is Assistant Professor of History at Chapman College and author of Back of the Yards: The Making of a Local Democracy.
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: In this article, the eigenvalues of the 3-state superintegrable chiral Potts model and of the associated spin chain were computed by using a functional equation, and it was shown that the system has four phases, two of which are massless and two are massive.
Abstract: We compute the eigenvalues of the 3-state superintegrable chiral Potts model and of the associated spin chain by use of a functional equation. We find that the system has four phases, two of which are massless and two of which are massive.
TL;DR: The data suggest that HRI is associated with hSp 90 in an inactive form in hemin-supplemented lysates and dissociates from hsp 90 upon activation.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the superintegrable chiral Potts model which has zero momentum and is the ground state for small λ is not the ground states for λ = 1 by exhibiting a state of nonzero momentum whose eigen value crosses the zero momentum eigenvalue at a value of λ less than 1.
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: A brief review of the history of the star-triangle equation and its generalization to the chiral Potts model can be found in this paper, where the authors discuss how the recent solutions in terms of higher-genus Riemann surfaces emerge.
Abstract: After a brief review of the history of the star-triangle equation, we shall illustrate its importance with a few results for the two-dimensional Ising model and its generalization to the chiral Potts model. We shall discuss how the recent solutions in terms of higher-genus Riemann surfaces emerge. We shall finish with some further results for the quantities of interest in these new models. More related work is presented in the talks by Profs. Baxter and McCoy.
TL;DR: Antigens associated with whole Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A serotype 1, a capsular carbohydrate-protein extract of the organism, and P. haemicaltica leukotoxin were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and antibody responses to these antigens were quantified by densitometry.
Abstract: Antigens associated with whole Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A serotype 1, a capsular carbohydrate-protein extract of the organism, and P. haemolytica leukotoxin were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Antigens of the electrophoresed preparations were detected by Western blotting (immunoblotting) with sera from cattle which were either nonvaccinated or vaccinated with live or killed P. haemolytica vaccines and had variable degrees of resistance to experimental pneumonic pasteurellosis. Distinct, easily recognizable antigens of these preparations were identified, and the antibody responses to these antigens were quantified by densitometry. To determine their importance to disease resistance, we then compared antibody responses with experimental lesion scores. Antibody reactivity to surface antigens which were significantly correlated with resistance and present in two or more of the preparations were detected at 86, 66, 51, 49, 34, 31, and 16 kilodaltons (kDa). Of these, antibody responses to antigens at 86, 49, and 31 kDa appeared most important based on their concentration and significance levels. Antibody reactivity to leukotoxin antigens which were significantly correlated with resistance and common with important surface antigens were detected at 86, 66, and 49 kDa. Antibody responses to unique leukotoxin antigens which were significantly correlated with resistance were present at 92 and 58 kDa.
TL;DR: Substrate channeling of NADH from both the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase isozymes to complex I and reduction of ubiquinone-1 were shown to occur in vitro by transient enzyme-enzyme complex formation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide event study evidence on securities issuance by commercial banks, a set of firms in which capital structure is regulated, and find that negative impact of equity issues on bank stock prices is much weaker than for non-financial firms.
Abstract: This paper provides event study evidence on securities issuance by commercial banks, a set of firms in which capital structure is regulated. The evidence supports the information hypothesis of securities issuance but also indicates that capital regulation interferes with information transfer. We find that: one, the negative impact of equity issues on bank stock prices is much weaker than for non-financial firms; two, the impact of securities issuance is uniformly less negative after the imposition of stricter capital requirements in 1981; and three, the impact of securities issuance is further attenuated after 1981 for non-multinational banks, which faced more specific capital requirements than multinational banks.