Showing papers by "Oregon Health & Science University published in 1984"
TL;DR: Across the population, higher intakes of calcium, potassium, and sodium were associated with lower mean systolic blood pressure and lower absolute risk of hypertension, and Increments of dietary calcium were also negatively correlated with body mass.
Abstract: A data base of the National Center for Health Statistics, Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (HANES I), was used to perform a computer-assisted, comprehensive analysis of the relation of 17 nutrients to the blood pressure profile of adult Americans. Subjects were 10,372 individuals, 18 to 74 years of age, who denied a history of hypertension and intentional modification of their diet. Significant decreases in the consumption of calcium, potassium, vitamin A, and vitamin C were identified as the nutritional factors that distinguished hypertensive from normotensive subjects. Lower calcium intake was the most consistent factor in hypertensive individuals. Across the population, higher intakes of calcium, potassium, and sodium were associated with lower mean systolic blood pressure and lower absolute risk of hypertension. Increments of dietary calcium were also negatively correlated with body mass. Even though these correlations cannot be accepted as proof of causation, they have implications for future studies of the association of nutritional factors and dietary patterns with hypertension in America.
618 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may be an essential nutrient, and that 22:6 omega 3 may have a specific function in the photoreceptor membranes of the retina.
Abstract: Linolenic acid (18:3 omega 3) is a dietary precursor of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 omega 3), the major fatty acid in the photoreceptor membranes of the retina. We hypothesized that rhesus monkeys deprived of dietary omega-3 fatty acids during prenatal and postnatal development would show plasma depletion of these fatty acids and visual impairment. Semipurified diets low in omega-3 fatty acids were fed to one group of adult female rhesus monkeys throughout pregnancy and to their infants from birth. A control group of mothers and infants received similar diets but supplying ample linolenic acid. In the plasma phospholipids of deficient infants, linolenic acid was generally undetectable and 22:6 omega 3 levels became progressively depleted, falling from 42% of control values at birth to 21% at 4 wk, 9% at 8 wk, and 6% at 12 wk of age. In the other plasma lipid classes, 22:6 omega 3 was undetectable by 12 wk. The visual acuity of the deprived infants, as measured by the preferential looking method, was reduced by one-fourth at 4 wk (P less than 0.05) and by one-half at 8 and 12 wk (P less than 0.0005) compared with control infants. These results suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may be an essential nutrient, and that 22:6 omega 3 may have a specific function in the photoreceptor membranes of the retina.
588 citations
TL;DR: Interference with absorption oflevodopa by food and by competition between large neutral amino acids and levodopa for transport from plasma to the brain may be partly responsible for the fluctuating clinical response in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Abstract: To determine whether the oscillating clinical response to levodopa in Parkinson's disease (the "on-off" phenomenon) reflects fluctuations in absorption and transport of the drug, we investigated this phenomenon in nine patients with an oscillating motor state. We studied the response to continuous infusion of levodopa and the effects of meals on the plasma levodopa concentrations and on the clinical response during oral and intravenous administration of the drug. Meals reduced peak plasma levodopa concentrations by 29 per cent and delayed absorption by 34 minutes. Bypassing absorption by constant infusion of the drug produced a stable clinical state lasting for 12 hours in all of six patients and for up to 36 hours in some. High-protein meals or oral phenylalanine, leucine, or isoleucine (100 mg per kilogram of body weight) reversed the therapeutic effect of infused levodopa without reducing plasma levodopa concentrations. Glycine and lysine at identical doses had no effect. We conclude that interference with absorption of levodopa by food and by competition between large neutral amino acids and levodopa for transport from plasma to the brain may be partly responsible for the fluctuating clinical response in patients with Parkinson's disease.
556 citations
TL;DR: A consistent facial phenotype was observed in all seven children exposed to sodium valproate in utero in addition to other birth defects in four; Hypospadias, strabismus, and psychomotor delay were found in two males; two children had nystagmus and two had low birth weight.
Abstract: We evaluated seven children who had been exposed to sodium valproate (or valproic acid) in utero. A consistent facial phenotype was observed in all seven in addition to other birth defects in four. The facial changes consisted of epicanthal folds which continued inferiorly and laterally to form a crease or groove just under the orbit, flat nasal bridge, small upturned nose, long upper lip with a relatively shallow philtrum, a thin upper vermillion border, and downturned angles of the mouth. Hypospadias, strabismus, and psychomotor delay were found in two males; two children had nystagmus and two had low birth weight.
357 citations
TL;DR: Implementation of a regional trauma system has resulted in significant improvements in trauma care and a reduction in the death rate from vehicular trauma.
309 citations
TL;DR: Across the population, higher intakes of calcium, potassium, and sodium were associated with lower mean systolic blood pressure and lower absolute risk of hypertension, and Increments of dietary calcium were also negatively correlated with body mass.
Abstract: A data base of the National Center for Health Statistics, Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (HANES I), was used to perform a computer-assisted, comprehensive analysis of the relation of 17 nutrients to the blood pressure profile of adult Americans. Subjects were 10,372 individuals, 18 to 74 years of age, who denied a history of hypertension and intentional modification of their diet. Significant decreases in the consumption of calcium, potassium, vitamin A, and vitamin C were identified as the nutritional factors that distinguished hypertensive from normotensive subjects. Lower calcium intake was the most consistent factor in hypertensive individuals. Across the population, higher intakes of calcium, potassium, and sodium were associated with lower mean systolic blood pressure and lower absolute risk of hypertension. Increments of dietary calcium were also negatively correlated with body mass. Even though these correlations cannot be accepted as proof of causation, they have implications for future studies of the association of nutritional factors and dietary patterns with hypertension in America.
259 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that dietary omega-3 fatty acids lower plasma LDL levels in normal human subjects by reducing the rate of synthesis of apoprotein B.
Abstract: Diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish oils lower the plasma concentrations of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins in humans. The present study was designed to examine the mechanism(s) by which diets enriched in omega-3 fatty acids reduce plasma LDL cholesterol levels in normal subjects. Seven healthy volunteers with normal plasma lipid levels consumed two metabolically controlled diets for a period of 4 weeks each. The control diet contained predominantly saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, whereas the fish-oil diet contained 24 gm of omega-3 fatty acids per day. The total fat and cholesterol content of the two diets were similar for each subject. Total and LDL cholesterol levels decreased from 162 +/- 26 mg/dl and 103 +/- 27 mg/dl on the control diet to 124 +/- 26 mg/dl and 82 +/- 27 mg/dl on the omega-3-rich diet. Triglyceride levels fell from 91 +/- 34 mg/dl to 52 +/- 19 mg/dl. Kinetic studies of 125I-LDL metabolism disclosed a significantly lower rate of synthesis of LDL apoprotein B on the omega-3-rich diet (9.5 +/- 1.3 mg/kg/day) as compared to the control diet (13.6 +/- 3.7 mg/kg/day; p less than 0.05). In contrast, the fractional catabolic rate was similar on both diets. We conclude that dietary omega-3 fatty acids lower plasma LDL levels in normal human subjects by reducing the rate of synthesis of apoprotein B.
254 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that testosterone, or one of its metabolites, is a major steroidal regulator of HPOA aromatase activity in rats, and this enzyme activity did not change during the estrous cycle or after ovariectomy.
Abstract: We studied the distribution and regulation of aromatase activity in the adult rat brain with a sensitive in vitro assay that measures the amount of 3H2O formed during the conversion of [1β-3H]androstenedione to estrone. The rate of aromatase activity in the hypothalamus-preoptic area (HPOA) was linear with time up to 1 h, and with tissue concentrations up to 5 mgeq/200 μl incubation mixture. The enzyme demonstrated a pH optimum of 7.4 and an apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km of 0.04 μM. We found the greatest amount of aromatase activity in amygdala and HPOA from intact male rats. The hippocampus, midbrain tegmentum, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and anterior pituitary all contained negligible enzymatic activity. Castration produced a significant decrease in aromatase activity in the HPOA (P 0.05). The HPOAs of male rats contained significantly greater aromatase activity than the HPOAs of female rats. In females, this enzyme activity did not cha...
236 citations
TL;DR: Ten moderately myopic women had blurred vision, light flashes, or paracentral scotomas associated with small yellow-white lesions of the inner choroid and pigment epithelium that healed into atrophic scars and became progressively more pigmented with time.
234 citations
Patent•
14 Sep 1984TL;DR: A home energy monitoring and control system for monitoring the electrical energy usage of a plurality of appliance loads is described in this paper, which includes an energy monitor unit for each appliance load which plugs into a standard AC wall outlet and monitors power consumption and also has a power line transmitter/receiver for communicating with a master control station.
Abstract: A home energy monitoring and control system for monitoring the electrical energy usage of a plurality of appliance loads. The system includes an energy monitor unit for each appliance load which plugs into a standard AC wall outlet and monitors power consumption and also has a power line transmitter/receiver for communicating with a master control station. The master control station receives energy usage data from each of the monitor units and stores the data for display in various user-selectable formats.
216 citations
TL;DR: The results revealed that, although the WAIS-R has excellent psychometric reliability as reflected in its standard error of measurement of a VIQ-PIQ difference and its impressively high test-retest Pearson r values, the actual magnitudes of the differences between the VIQ and PIQ assessed in a single examination were sufficiently high that such base-rate data should be routinely considered by clinical neuropsychologists and other practitioners.
Abstract: The data analyzed were the 14 WAIS-R scores from each of the individuals who comprised the WAIS-R standardization sample. Examined was the individual VIQ-PIQ difference from only the initial examination of each of the 1880 subjects, as well as the test-retest change in each of the 14 WAIS-R scores for each of the 119 subjects who were retested. The results revealed that, although the WAIS-R has excellent psychometric reliability as reflected in its standard error of measurement of a VIQ-PIQ difference and its impressively high test-retest Pearson r values, the actual magnitudes of the differences between the VIQ and PIQ assessed in a single examination, or the magnitudes of gain or loss in the 14 scores on retest, for some of these normal individuals were sufficiently high that such base-rate data should be routinely considered by clinical neuropsychologists and other practitioners.
TL;DR: These findings give cross-cultural validation to the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder and should alert clinicians to its existence in a population not previously studied.
Abstract: Thirteen Cambodian refugees who had survived 2-4 years of concentration camp experience met the DSM-III criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. Their predominant symptoms were avoidance, hyperactive startle reactions, emotional numbness, intrusive thoughts, and nightmares, which had lasted at least 3 years after the imprisonment. The patients' avoidance of thoughts or discussion of the past and the shame they felt about Cambodia's history made diagnosis and treatment difficult. These findings give cross-cultural validation to the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder and should alert clinicians to its existence in a population not previously studied.
TL;DR: It was found that testosterone (T) or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) administered in Silastic capsules for 7 days reversed the effects of castration and the control of HPOA aromatase activity by androgens is receptor mediated.
Abstract: We studied the regulation of aromatase activity in the hypothalamus-preoptic area (HPOA) of adult male rats using a sensitive in vitro assay which measures the amount of 3H2O formed by tissue homogenates during the conversion of [1β-3H]androstenedione to estrone. After castration, HPOA aromatase activity was decreased by 60% (P < 0.05), seminal vesicle (SV) and ventral prostate (VP) weights were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and serum LH levels were elevated. We found that testosterone (T) or 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) administered in Silastic capsules for 7 days reversed the effects of castration. Testosterone and DHT stimulated HPOA aromatase activity 133% and 92%, respectively (P < 0.05). Both steroids significantly increased SV and VP wet weights and suppressed serum levels of LH (P < 0.05). Administration of either estradiol or progesterone did not reverse the effect of castration on HPOA aromatase activity or any other parameter measured. To determine the involvement of androgen receptors in...
TL;DR: The results of this study indicated that relatively low intakes of dietary DHA significantly elevated milk DHA content and might have implications for brain and retinal development.
TL;DR: It is determined that the pH of bovine CE fluid and of CE semen is approximately 5.8, and that the motility of CE sperm in undiluted CE fluid increases as the pH is elevated, suggesting that the acidity of CE fluid may play a physiological role in the maintenance of sperm quiescence.
Abstract: Previous studies (Carr and Acott , 1984) indicate that bovine sperm are maintained in a quiescent state in the caudal epididymis (CE) by a pH-dependent inhibitory factor. Here, we have determined that the pH of bovine CE fluid and of CE semen is approximately 5.8, and that the motility of CE sperm in undiluted CE fluid increases as the pH is elevated. Therefore, the acidity of CE fluid may play a physiological role in the maintenance of sperm quiescence. The changes in sperm motility, in response to changes in the pH of CE fluid, are reversible and rapid. Dilution of CE fluid with buffers at either pH 5.5 or 7.6 produces a much slower initiation of motility. In buffer a significantly lower pH is required to inhibit sperm motility than is required in CE fluid. The apparent pKs for inhibition are 5.3 in buffer and 6.6 in CE fluid. However, the motility of sperm in buffers that contain lactate, shows a pH dependence similar to sperm in CE fluid. That is, lactate inactivates sperm in buffer at pH 5.5 but not at pH 7.6. Lactate, and several other permeant weak acids, have previously been shown to reduce the intracellular pH of bovine sperm and many other types of cells. We show that these permeant weak acids, but not impermeant weak acids, reversibly reduce CE sperm motility in buffer at pH 5.5 but not at pH 7.6. Weak bases, which have previously been shown to elevate intracellular pH, initiate sperm motility in CE fluid. These results suggest that intracellular pH can regulate CE sperm motility and may be the intracellular messenger for the pH-dependent quiescence factor. Although sperm cyclic AMP levels have been previously correlated with motility stimulation, cyclic AMP levels do not change when the pH of CE fluid is elevated, even though full motility is initiated.
TL;DR: There was no correlation between rated severity and the loudness of tinnitus, but severity ratings were highly correlated with incidence of sleep disturbance and relationships between perceived severity and other patient characteristics are discussed.
Abstract: Detailed information about tinnitus was obtained from over 1800 patients attending a tinnitus clinic. Patients rated their tinnitus severity on a scale from 1 to 10 and also provided information concerning the quality, duration, localization, and other attributes of their tinnitus. In addition to standard audiometric tests, patients received tests for tinnitus pitch, loudness, maskability, and residual inhibition, and provided a brief medical history. The severity ratings of over 90% were at or above the scale value of 5. There was no correlation between rated severity and the loudness of tinnitus (obtained by a loudness balance procedure using external sounds matching the tinnitus pitch), thus confirming earlier observations. The severity also was not related to the type, quality, or pitch of tinnitus sound heard. However, severity ratings were highly correlated with incidence of sleep disturbance. Additional observations concerning relationships between perceived severity and other patient characteristics are discussed.
TL;DR: Dietary omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil rapidly and markedly reduced VLDL triglyceride levels even in the face of a high-carbohydrate diet.
Abstract: Dietary fish oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids are remarkably hypotriglyceridemic in both normal and hypertriglyceridemic subjects. This present study was designed to examine the hypothesis that dietary fish oils could prevent the usual sharp increase in plasma triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels that occur physiologically after the induction by a high-carbohydrate diet. Seven healthy volunteers consumed three experimental liquid formula diets: the baseline diet (45% fat, 10% protein, 45% carbohydrate) and two high-carbohydrate diets (15% fat, 10% protein, 75% carbohydrate), one as a control diet and the other containing fish oil. The baseline and control dietary fats were a mixture of peanut oil and cocoa butter, whereas the fish oil diet contained high levels of omega-3 fatty acids. The plasma triglyceride levels rose from 105 mg/dL during baseline diet to 194 mg/dL during the high-CHO control diet (P less than 0.005). VLDL triglyceride levels increased from 69 to 156 mg/dL (P less than 0.005) and VLDL cholesterol from 18 to 34 mg/dL (P less than 0.005). When fish oil was substituted for the control fats, plasma triglyceride levels fell from 194 to 75 mg/dL (P less than 0.005), VLDL triglyceride and cholesterol levels were reduced from 156 to 34 mg/dL (P less than 0.005) and from 34 to 12 mg/dL (P less than 0.005), respectively. These effects were noted by two to three days after beginning the fish oil diet. Thus, dietary omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil rapidly and markedly reduced VLDL triglyceride levels even in the face of a high-carbohydrate diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TL;DR: Weight-training exercise appears to result in favorable changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels in previously sedentary men and women.
Abstract: Lipid and lipoprotein levels were prospectively studied in previously sedentary men (mean age, 33 years) and women (mean age, 27 years) undergoing 16 weeks of weight-training exercise. Women demonstrated a 9.5% reduction of cholesterol, 17.9% decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and 28.3% lowering of triglycerides. The ratios of total cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and LDL cholesterol-HDL cholesterol were reduced 14.3% and 20.3%, respectively. Among men, LDL cholesterol was reduced 16.2%, while the ratios of total cholesterol-HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol-HDL cholesterol were lowered 21.6% and 28.9%, respectively. Weight-training exercise appears to result in favorable changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels in previously sedentary men and women.
TL;DR: The plasma timolol levels examined in nine determinations in five children ranged from a low 3.5 ng/ml in a five-year-old child to 34 ng/ML in a three-week-old infant, which is approximately 40% less than that observed without punctal occlusion.
TL;DR: Evidence suggests that inhibition of prostacyclin formation may occur with LA, promoting a prothrom- botic state in young adults with cerebral infarction.
Abstract: Hypercoagulability may contribute to stroke in young adults. Lupus anticoagulants (LA) were identified in six patients (4%) of 145 young adults with cerebral infarction. The clinical features of the 6 patients in this survey plus an additional patient from another institution with LA-associated stroke are presented. Four had systemic lupus erythematosus and 3 had idiopathic LA; all had mild thrombocytopenia. In 2 patients, no other conditions associated with stroke were discovered after thorough evaluation. Recurrent arterial thrombosis occurred in 4 of 7 patients during an average of two years of follow-up. Evidence suggests that inhibition of prostacyclin formation may occur with LA, promoting a prothrombotic state.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The effects of argon laser trabeculoplasty (LTP) on outflow facility, Schlemm's canal morphology, trabellular cellularity, and trabcellular glycosaminoglycan composition were determined in 33 pairs of eye-bank human eyes as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: The available literature on peripartum cardiomyopathy, with particular attention to reported cases, is reviewed to define this condition as a definite syndrome and to predict the most frequent mode of presentation, the course of the disease, and the pathologic findings that are often reported with this entity.
TL;DR: The release of histamine by morphine but not equimolar concentrations of fentanyl and oxymorphone indicates that histamine release by narcotics is not a nonspecific effect of high drug concentration and the failure of naloxone to inhibit morphine-induced Histamine release suggests that histamines release by morphine is not dependent on opiate receptor binding or activation.
Abstract: Human leukocyte and skin mast cell preparations were incubated with morphine sulfate in concentrations ranging from 1.5 X 10(-5) M to 4.5 X 10(-3) M. Skin mast cells also were incubated with oxymorphone and fentanyl in the same concentrations. Human leukocytes did not release histamine in response to any concentration of morphine. In skin mast cells, histamine release by morphine first was detected at 1.5 X 10(-4) M. Histamine release further increased at 5.0 X 10(-4) M with no incremental increase at higher concentrations. Oxymorphone and fentanyl failed to release histamine at any concentration. Histamine release by morphine required calcium but was not influenced by changes in the 1-4 mM range. Skin mast cell preparations were pretreated for 30 min in naloxone 5 X 10(-4) M and then morphine 5 X 10(-4) M was added for 30 min without removing naloxone. Naloxone neither released histamine nor inhibited morphine-induced histamine release. The release of histamine by morphine but not equimolar concentrations of fentanyl and oxymorphone indicates that histamine release by narcotics is not a nonspecific effect of high drug concentration. The failure of naloxone to inhibit morphine-induced histamine release suggests that histamine release by morphine is not dependent on opiate receptor binding or activation. These results indicate that this human mast cell preparation will be useful in further understanding the mechanism of histamine release induced by morphine and other agents.
TL;DR: It is concluded that an intact endothelium is necessary for hypoxia-induced contractions in vitro in main pulmonary arteries from pigs, and a possible role for endot Helium in the pulmonary vascular response to Hypoxia is suggested.
Abstract: Experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that intact endothelium is required for hypoxia-induced contractions of pulmonary vascular muscle in vitro. To study this possibility, we cut pairs of transverse strips from main pulmonary arteries of pigs, removed the endothelium from one strip, and mounted the strips on force transducers in separate tissue baths. After an adaptation period of 4-6 h at an oxygen tension of 40 torr, strips with intact endothelium contracted spontaneously when the oxygen tension was decreased from 140 torr to near zero torr (6.5 +/- 1.1 gm-wt/cm2, mean +/- SEM) whereas strips without endothelium contracted significantly less (1.0 +/- 0.3 gm-wt/cm2, p less than 0.001, n = 14 pairs). However, strips with and without endothelium contracted equally in response to incremental concentrations of norepinephrine. Each of several drugs (atropine, propranolol, phentolamine, or indomethacin, each 10(-5) M) had no effect on hypoxia-induced contractions when added to the bath prior to hypoxia. Similarly, a decrease in bath pH from 7.4 to 7.2 had no effect. Because we suspected that the endothelium might be releasing a mediator causing increased tone in response to hypoxia, we cleansed the bath during hypoxia, but this maneuver did not change hypoxia-induced contractions. Placing strips with intact endothelium close to strips without endothelium and measuring tension in the bath during hypoxia did not induce contractions in the strip without endothelium. We conclude that an intact endothelium is necessary for hypoxia-induced contractions in vitro in main pulmonary arteries from pigs. Although main pulmonary arteries are not primarily responsible for hypoxic vasoconstriction in vivo, our findings suggest a possible role for endothelium in the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia.
TL;DR: It is proposed that eosinophilic pUSTular folliculitis of infancy is a distinct pustular dermatosis.
Abstract: Five infants under 1 year of age were reported with a syndrome of recurrent crops of pruritic papulopustules of the scalp. In three children there were also intermittent outbreaks on the trunk and extremities. Cultures showed the pustules to be sterile. Biopsies of scalp and skin tissues showed eosinophilic folliculitis. Some patients had eosinophilia during outbreaks of pustules. These cases are similar to the eosinophilic pustular folliculitis reported in a few adult patients with the exception that there was predominant scalp involvement in the children. We propose that eosinophilic pustular folliculitis of infancy is a distinct pustular dermatosis.
TL;DR: The clinical information on 22 patients with orbital optic nerve gliomas and 47 patients with meningiomas was correlated with computed tomographic findings obtained in both axial and coronal studies, pointing toward the diagnosis of an optic nerve tumor.
01 Feb 1984
TL;DR: Osmotic BBB disruption, when combined with multiple drug administration, has proved effective in treating brain tumors in a small number of clinical cases.
Abstract: Inadequate drug delivery to the brain, caused by an intact or partially intact blood-brain barrier (BBB), probably accounts for poor therapeutic responsiveness to cytoreductive drugs by malignant metastatic and primary brain tumors. Drug delivery can be enhanced in normal brains and brains with tumors by administering drugs into the carotid or vertebral circulation after osmotic opening of the BBB. The osmotic procedure in humans involves infusion into the carotid or vertebral arteries of a 25% mannitol solution for 30 s. The procedure is reversible, can be accomplished without long-term neurological deficits, and can be monitored in dogs and humans by means of enhanced computerized tomography. Osmotic BBB disruption, when combined with multiple drug administration, has proved effective in treating brain tumors in a small number of clinical cases.
TL;DR: The study provides preliminary evidence that a substantial affective dimension underlies the MPQ responses of arthritis patients and confirms the parsimony of a 3‐factor solution for the questionnaire.
Abstract: Responses to the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) were described in two samples of arthritis patients, an inpatient group (n = 94) and an outpatient group (n = 94). Subjects in both samples used a similar set of sensory words to describe their arthritis pain. The inpatient sample, however, used affective words of higher intensity than the outpatient sample. Because the two samples came from a common population, they were combined and exploratory factor analyses using principal component analysis with first oblique and then orthogonal rotations were performed. The analysis yielded 6 factors that accounted for 58.3% of the variance in the sample. Clear sensory factors, an affective factor and an evaluative factor were identified. The study provides preliminary evidence that a substantial affective dimension underlies the MPQ responses of arthritis patients and confirms the parsimony of a 3-factor solution for the questionnaire.
TL;DR: Rates of dehydroascorbate uptake by blood granulocytes and mononuclear cells are slower, and plasma ascorbate concentrations are lower, among persons with diabetes mellitus than in nondiabetic subjects.
Abstract: Rates of dehydroascorbate uptake by blood granulocytes and mononuclear cells are slower, and plasma ascorbate concentrations are lower, among persons with diabetes mellitus than in nondiabetic subjects. These measurements do not correlate with one another or with simultaneously measured plasma glucose or glycosylated hemoglobin; they do not differ with type of diabetes or mode of treatment. In those diabetic granulocytes that exhibit slow dehydroascorbate uptake, maximal velocity (Vmax) transport rates for dehydroascorbate, 2-deoxyglucose, and 3-O-methylglucose are decreased, each to the same degree, while Km values for transport of these ligands are not different from those observed in nondiabetic cells. Since diffusion of these ligands is facilitated by a common transporter, these observations may reflect decreased numbers of glucose transporters in the plasma membranes of some diabetic leukocytes.