Showing papers by "Osaka University published in 1981"
TL;DR: A new achievable rate region for the general interference channel which extends previous results is presented and evaluated and the capacity of a class of Gaussian interference channels is established.
Abstract: A new achievable rate region for the general interference channel which extends previous results is presented and evaluated. The technique used is a generalization of superposition coding to the multivariable case. A detailed computation for the Gaussian channel case clarifies to what extent the new region improves previous ones. The capacity of a class of Gaussian interference channels is also established.
1,872 citations
TL;DR: Seven of 13 patients treated by subtotal resection survived more than five years with postopertive radiotherapy, and the five‐year survival rates of each clinical stage were 92.6% in Stage I, 85.7% in stages II and III, and 50% in stage IV.
Abstract: Follow-up data were obtained for 96 cases of thymoma. The one-year survival rate was 84.3%, the three-year 77.1%, the five-year 74.1%, and the ten-year 57.1%. The five-year survival rate of total resection group was 88.9%; that of non-radically treated group was 44.4%. Clinical stages were defined: Stage I--macroscopically encapsulated and microscopically no capsular invasion; Stage II--1. macroscopic invasion into surrounding fatty tissue of mediastinal pleura, or 2. microscopic invasion into capsule; Stage III--macroscopic invasion into neighboring organ; Stage IVa--pleural or pericardial dissemination; Stage IVb--lymphogenous or hematogenous metastasis. Five-year survival rates of each clinical stage were 92.6% in Stage I, 85.7% in Stage II, 69.6% in Stage III, and 50% in Stage IV. Recurrence after total resection was found in six of 69 cases. Seven of 13 patients treated by subtotal resection survived more than five years with postoperative radiotherapy.
1,552 citations
TL;DR: A new approach to the dynamic control of manipulators is developed from the viewpoint of mechanics and it is shown that a linear feedback of generalized coordinates and their derivatives are effective for motion control in the large.
Abstract: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering SCience, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560 Japan A new approach to the dynamic control of manipulators is developed from the viewpoint of mechanics. It is /irst shown that a linear feedback of generalized coordinates and their derivatives are effective for motion control in the large. Next, we propose a method for task-oriented coordinate control which can be easily implemented by a micro-computer and is suited to sensor feedback control. The proposed method is applicable even when holonomic constraints are added to the system. Effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by computer simulation.
1,155 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a light single-sideband modulator, or frequency shifter, of integrated optics structure is proposed, which is confirmed by constructing and testing the device using Ti indiffused LiNbO 3 waveguides.
Abstract: A novel light single-sideband modulator, or frequency shifter, of integrated optics structure is proposed. The operation was confirmed by constructing and testing the device using Ti indiffused LiNbO 3 waveguides. The first demonstration of frequency shifting was carried out at 2 GHz, and either the upper or lower single-sideband output without carrier was obtained. Conversion efficiency of -5 dB was achieved with input drive power of 730 mW.
331 citations
TL;DR: Findings indicate that a human intercalated duct cell line carrying tumorigenicity is established from a human submandibular salivary gland with an exposure to irradiation.
Abstract: Transformed epithelial cells were isolated by using tissue culture techniques from an irradiated human submandibular salivary gland which showed no neoplastic lesion. These cells, carrying colony-forming ability in semisolid agar, formed a semiconfluent monolayer with occasional tubular arrangement. All transformed clones were demonstrated by electron microscopic examination to be only one type of cells having fine structure similar to intercalated duct cells. Of six clones isolated, one clone with stable growth was cultured within the sponge matrix, resulting in formation of duct-like structure with mucinous eosinophilic substance. Moreover, inoculation of the cloned cells into nude mice resulted in a production of adenocarcinoma with solid and trabecular pattern. These findings indicate that a human intercalated duct cell line carrying tumorigenicity is established from a human submandibular salivary gland with an exposure to irradiation.
315 citations
TL;DR: 6'-amidino-2-naphthyl-4-guanidinobenzoate dihydrochloride, 4-(beta- amidinoethenyl)phenyl- 4-guAnidin Obenzoates dimethanesulfonate and 4-amidinos2-benzoylphenyl the most effective inhibitors of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein and thrombin.
292 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the CP violation effect in a massive Majorana neutrino system was studied and the number of CP-violation phases in n(n−1)/2 in contrast to Dirac neutrinos where (n− 1)(n−2)/2 phases are present.
268 citations
TL;DR: DNA cloning with vector plasmid and/or phage is stimulating not only in the interests of biological science but also in applications such as production of a new medicine, enhancement of yield in a particular metabolite in the fermentation industry, development of anew plant in the agricultural field, etc.
Abstract: DNA cloning with vector plasmid and/or phage is stimulating not only in the interests of biological science but also in applications such as production of a new medicine, enhancement of yield in a particular metabolite in the fermentation industry, development of a new plant in the agricultural field, etc. Despite the substantial “species barrier” described schematically in FIGURE 1, not a few examples of cloning foreign DNA molecules in host cells have been made available.’.’ For instance, once a specific gene is cloned, metabolites originating from the specific gene might be produced in large quantities due to the gene dosage effect.3 To exaggerate, the contribution of genetic engineering to the biological world is deemed to be revolutionary rather than evolutionary. Although the aspects and/or regions to which genetic engineering is closely related are comprehensive in this context, this paper will pay attention only to a limited area, i.e., the subject of expression and stability of a cloned gene or genes in the cultivation of host cells. Unless cloned genes are kept in situ in vector plasmid during replication in coordination with the growth of host cells, it is not possible to employ the recombinant plasmid as an agent to enhance production of specific materials in industry. Before proceeding to clarify the significance of genetic engineering in this work, a few examples on “stability” and “instability” in plasmid manipulation will be presented.
256 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the electron backscattering effect which is important for the quantitative interpretation of matrix effects in AES is investigated by applying the Monte Carlo calculation technique, based on the use of a precise elastic scattering cross-section obtained by the partial wave expansion method, as well as on the combined use of Gryzinski's excitation function and Bethe's stopping power for inelastic scattering.
256 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigates the algebraic properties of fuzzygrades under the operations of algebraic product and algebraic sum which can be defined by using the concept of the extension principle and shows that fuzzy grades under these operations do not form such algebraic structures as a lattice and a semiring.
232 citations
TL;DR: Cells from a single spleen colony are injected into each WBB6F1-W/Wν mouse and demonstrated directly that the tissue mast cell is a progeny of CFU-S.
Abstract: The haematopoietic stem cells which produce colonies in the spleen of irradiated mice (CFU-S) can differentiate into erythrocytes, granulocytes, megakaryocytes and B lymphocytes. Although mast cell precursors are known to be present in the bone marrow, spleen, fetal liver and peripheral blood of mice, the relationship between the mast cell precursor and CFU-S has remained unclear. We have now made use of mice of two mutant genotypes to determine whether or not the tissue mast cell is a progeny of CFU-S. Giant granules of beige (C57BL/6-bg/bg, Chediak-Higashi syndrome) mice can be used for identification of the origin of both tissue mast cells and granulocytes, and WBB6F1-W/Wv mice are useful recipients because they lack tissue mast cells owing to a defect in mast cell precursors. We injected the cells from a single spleen colony into each WBB6F1-W/Wv mouse and demonstrated directly that the tissue mast cell is a progeny of CFU-S.
TL;DR: Mechanisms relevant to the photosynthesis and the oxidative phosphorylation of glucose seem to function independently with respect to Chlorella Vulugaris.
Abstract: The specific growth rate of Chlorella vulgaris in the presence of glucose (mixotroph) was always larger than that in autotroph when the light intensity was less than 10 klux. However, Scenedesmus acutus behaved differently, i.e., when the light intensity was more than 6 klux, the specific growth rate in mixotroph became smaller than that in autotroph. Cellular contents of chlorophyll a and b in Scenedesmus acutus that deteriorated more markedly in mixotroph than those of Chlorella vulgaris could account for these different growth behaviors. In other words, mechanisms relevant to the photosynthesis and the oxidative phosphorylation of glucose seem to function independently with respect to Chlorella Vulugaris.
TL;DR: It is indicated that the isolated cells maintain the typical membrane characteristics of the nodal cells and that they are suitable for electrophysiological studies of the cardiac pacemaker cell.
Abstract: Single cells or cell clusters composed of 3-10 cells were isolated from the S-A and A-V nodes of the rabbit heart by coronary perfusion of collagenase dissolved in Ca-free Tyrode solution (0.04%, for 1 hr). For comparison, atrial and ventricular cells were also isolated from the same heart. Shapes of the isolated nodal cell were either rod or round and nodal cells were slightly smaller than ventricular cells. Spontaneous activity was observed in both rod and round nodal cells. The action potentials had the configurations similar to those recorded from larger conventional preparations. The membrane current recorded from the small nodal cell clusters (5-10 cells) by the two-microelectrode voltage clamp technique showed a time course similar to that of previous recordings from conventional preparations, but the amplitude of the currents was 5-10 times smaller. The isolated cells showed normal sensitivities to both acetylcholine and epinephrine. Findings given in this study indicate that the isolated cells maintain the typical membrane characteristics of the nodal cells and that they are suitable for electrophysiological studies of the cardiac pacemaker cell.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the recombination responsible for class switch from mu to gamma or from a gamma to another gamma, may be facilitated directly or indirectly by homology of repeating sequences in S regions.
TL;DR: The LexA protein of Escherichia coli was purified to more than 96% purity from cells harboring a recombinant plasmid carrying the lexA gene with the lacZ promoter sequence and the site of the specific cleavage was determined by analyzing amino acid sequences of the cleaved products at the amino and carboxyl termini.
TL;DR: Pro-Pro-Gly 10 forms single crystals, providing X-ray diffraction data to 0.22 nm resolution, which may be an allomorph of collagen, and has been refined by the linked-atom least-squares procedure.
TL;DR: The results clearly exclude the possibility that the Sμ region contains separate subsets of sequences that may pair with the S region of a different class and support the proposal that S–S recombination is mediated by repetitive homologous short sequences.
Abstract: Immunoglobulin heavy (H) chain genes comprise a family of variable region (V) genes and several constant region (C) genes which are classified, in mouse, into five major classes: μ, γ, α, δ and e. During differentiation of a given B lymphocyte, a specific VH gene is first expressed as a part of the μ-chain and at a later stage the expressed H chain switches the C region from μ to γ or α without alteration of the VH region sequence1–3. This phenomenon, called immunoglobulin class switch, involves a unique recombination event that takes place at the region 5′ to each CH gene during B-lymphocyte differentiation4–6. The regions responsible for the class switch (or S–S) recombination are defined as switch (S) regions4. Recent structural analyses, which have revealed that S regions comprise tandem repetition of short unit sequences7–10, have allowed us to define the S region on a structural basis. The nudeotide sequences of S regions vary among different classes of CH gene, inevitably raising the possibility that the Sμ sequence contains separate subsets of sequences, each of which may pair with the S region of a different class. To test this possibility it is necessary to characterize the whole Sμ region. However, because the μ-gene clones isolated by other groups5,11,12 have lost a major portion (∼3 kilobases [kb]) of the central core of the Sμ region, only a small part of the Sμ region sequence has been determined8,10,12,13. We have now characterized the complete Sμ region by nudeotide sequence determination and restriction enzyme cleavage, and have found that it comprises simple tandem repetition of two kinds of 5-base pairs (bp) unit sequences, GAGCT and GGGGT. The nudeotide sequence of the Sμ region shares short common sequences with all the other S-region sequences. The results clearly exclude the above-mentioned possibility and support the proposal7,9,10,13 that S–S recombination is mediated by repetitive homologous short sequences.
TL;DR: In this paper, the theory of inequality measurement is examined using some basic axioms which extend the Pigou/Dalton principle of transfers, and various inequality indices may be derived as an alternative to ad hoc methods, or to methods involving prior specification of a social welfare function.
TL;DR: In this article, the design method for piles in a row within a slope of such a fixed sliding surface as in landslide has been investigated, and the effect of many factors of pile on the slope-stability are carried out for an example of a landslide slope containing stabilizing piles and a new design method is proposed for the stabilizing pile against landslide.
TL;DR: The nucleotide sequence of a 2248 bp portion of the plasmid mini-F has been determined and has sequences highly homologous to those found in the origin regions of the Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium genomes.
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In this article, the main part of the review is devoted to a new class of soluble metal-poly-yne polymers in which transition metal atoms are joined in the main chain by a metal-carbon σ-bond.
Abstract: In recent years linear polymers containing transition metals have attracted much interest. There are two types of organometallic polymers in which the metal-containing portion is either a part of the polymer main chain or bound to the polymer as a pendant group. In this article the recent studies on the former type of linear polymers are reviewed on the basis of the following three parts: 1 metallocene-containing polymers; 2 linear “Werner-type” coordination polymers; 3 polymers containing sigma-bonded transition metals in the main chain. The main part of this review is devoted to a new class of soluble metal-poly-yne polymers in which transition metal atoms are joined in the main chain by a metal-carbon σ-bond.
TL;DR: In slice preparations from kitten striate cortex, long-term potentiation of field potentials was demonstrated after conditioning stimulation of white matter, and source-density analysis and measurement of response latencies of cortical units indicated that the potentiation represented enhancement of both geniculo-cortical transmission in layer IV and intracortical Transmission in layer II--III.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Raman spectra of CaOSiO2 glasses were measured to analyze three states of oxygen, i.e. bridging, non-bridging and free oxygen.
Abstract: Raman spectra of CaOSiO2 and CaOSiO2CaF2 glasses were measured to analyze three states of oxygen, i.e. bridging, non-bridging and free oxygen, in a similar way to the previous work on PbOSiO2 glasses. The stretching vibrational modes of the SiO bond in CaOSiO2 and CaOSiO2CaF2 glasses corresponded to the bands at 880, 920, 975 and 1050 cm−1. It is suggested from the comparison of the Raman spectra of the glasses with the Raman and infrared absorption spectra of crystalline silicates that these bands would arise from the SiO4 tetrahedron with four, three, two and one non-bridging oxygens, respectively. The fractions of bridging, non-bridging and free oxygens were calculated from the intensities of the four Raman bands and the composition of the glasses. They were in agreement with those obtained from the thermodynamical model for the CaOSiO2 glasses. When the content of CaF2 was smaller than 15–20 mol.% and the CaO SiO 2 ratio was smaller than unity, CaF2 contributed to the breakage of some SiO bonds.
TL;DR: Isotopic and elemental compositions of rare gases in various types of gas samples collected in the Japanese Islands were investigated in this paper, where the deviations and the elemental abundance patterns in volcanic gases can be explained by a mixing between two components, one is mass fractionated rare gases and the other is isotopically atmospheric and is enriched in heavy rare gas elements.
TL;DR: Three different procedures have been performed for nonthymomatous MG in the First Surgical Department of Osaka University, i.e., 1 ) transsternal simple thymectomy from 1962 to 1970, 2) transcervical simple thysmectomy from 1971 to March 1973, and 3) extended thymection from April 1973 up t o date.
Abstract: Recently, the effectiveness of thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (MG) has been well appreciated.2. ti, * At the start of use of thymectomies for MG, it was performed by median sternotomy, and this approach became wide-spread in most clinics of thoracic surgery. Thereafter, since the latter half of the 1960s a new approach was advocated 12, 22 in some institutes, mainly, Mt. Sinai Hospital and the Massachusetts General Hospital. This approach was the one performed by a collar incision up above the sternal notch, and the advocates of this method asserted merits of lower morbidity, and lesser surgical stress. In 1975, weI6 remarked upon the high incidence of extracapsular thymic tissue in the fat at the anterior mediastinum, and thought that the en bloc resection of fat tissue with the thymus gland was necessary to remove the thymic tissue as much as possible. Thus, in the First Surgical Department of Osaka University, three different procedures have been performed for nonthymomatous MG, i.e., 1 ) transsternal simple thymectomy from 1962 to 1970, 2) transcervical simple thymectomy from 1971 to March 1973, and 3) extended thymectomy from April 1973 up t o date. Herewith, we present a survey comparing the results using those procedures.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical equation for calculating piezoelectric constants (dij) of polymer crystals has been derived and applied to poly(vinylidene fluoride) form 1, consistent with the experimental result that the x-ray (002) spot was not shifted nearly as much by the application of the electrostatic field as in the case of d 33.
Abstract: A theoretical equation for calculating piezoelectric constants (dij) of polymer crystals has been derived and applied to poly(vinylidene fluoride) form 1. The calculated d 33 = -2.5 × 10−11 C/N, is in good agreement with the value of -2 × 10−11 C/N measured by the x-ray method. The calculated d 31, -0.025 × 10−11 C/N, is smaller by two digits than d 33, consistent with the experimental result that the x-ray (002) spot was not shifted nearly as much by the application of the electrostatic field as in the case of d 33 The macroscopic piezoelectric constants d M 31 and d M 33 have been estimated by using a model where the piezoelectric crystal form 1 is embedded in the nonpiezoelectric amorphous matrix; d M 31 = 0.6 × 10−11 C/N and d: = -1.4 × 10−11 C/N at room temperature and d M 31 = 6.8 × 10−13 C/N and d M 33 = -0.5 × 10−11 C/N below the glass transition temperature (Tg ), respectively. These are in the same order as the values observed both at room temperature and below Tg . In the present estim...