Showing papers by "P A College of Engineering published in 2016"
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A large number of nanoparticles are present in the environment in which some are unintentionally produced; some are intentionally produced; and a mechanistic explanation of the reported toxicity remains incomprehensible.
Abstract: A large number of nanoparticles are present in the
environment in which some are unintentionally produced;
ultra fine particles or intentionally produced engineered
nanoparticle (ENPs). The carbon based ENPs include singlewalled
and multi walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and
MWCNTs), spherical fullerenes and dendrimers. Among all
ENPs, the carbon based ENPs are attracting much attention
for potential biomedical applications, such as biosensors
design, drug design, drug delivery, tumor therapy and tissue
engineering, because of their electronic, optical and
mechanical properties. The pristine CNTs are inert in nature
so it needs to be functionalized to make it reactive. The
functionalization appends different functional group e.g. C=O,
C–O, –OH and –COOH to CNTs, which make it dispersible
and suitable for different applications. The biocompatibility of
these functionalized CNTs and their composite has to be
tested before real time applications in the biological system.
Determining the toxicity of CNT is the most persistent
questions in nanotechnology. Inconsistent reports on toxicity
of CNTs often appear in the literature and a mechanistic
explanation of the reported toxicity remains
incomprehensible. Results from various scientific tests on
cells have so far proven confusing, with some results
indicating it to be highly toxic and others showing no signs of
toxicity. Several toxicity mechanisms have been proposed for
CNTs including interruption of trans membrane electron
transfer, disruption/penetration of the cell envelope, oxidation
of cell components, and production of secondary products
such as dissolved heavy metal ions or reactive oxygen species
(ROS).Toxicity of a CNT sample is dependent on its
composition along with its geometry and surface
functionalization. Several studies have suggested that wellfunctionalized
CNTs are safe to animal cells, while raw CNTs
or CNTs without functionalization show severe toxicity to
animal or human cells at even moderate dosage.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a density functional theory (DFT) based analysis of 4-Amino-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione (4AHT) has been theoretically analyzed.
33 citations
01 Oct 2016
TL;DR: Experimental results show that the segregation of waste into metallic, plastic and glass waste has been successfully implemented using the Automation of material segregation (AMS) method.
Abstract: The nation and world is facing a huge problem today of disposal, segregation and recycling of solid waste, and improper management of these wastes are hazardous and dangerous to human health and ecological system. There is a rapid increase in capacity and categories of solid waste as a result of urbanization, constant economic growth, and industrialization. Global Waste Management Market reported that the amount of waste generated worldwide produced is 2.02 billion tones. “Wastes are not always waste if it is segregated as it was”. To properly manage the waste it has to be handled, segregated, transported and disposed so as to reduce the risks to the public lives and sustainable environmental. The economic value of waste is best comprehended when it is segregated. Currently there is no such system employed of segregation of glass, plastic and metallic wastes at industrial level. This paper proposes an Automation of Waste material Segregation in scrap industry. This method is easy and simple solution of segregation of three types of wastes glass, metal and plastic. It is designed to sort the trash into metallic waste, plastic waste and glass waste ready to be processed separately for the next process of operation. The Method uses inductive sensors metallic items, and capacitive sensors to distinguish between and dry waste. Experimental results show that the segregation of waste into metallic, plastic and glass waste has been successfully implemented using the Automation of material segregation (AMS) method.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of deep cryogenic treatment on the induction hardened En 8 steel has been investigated and the results show that the effect of DCT on steel induction hardened en 8 steel is negligible.
Abstract: This paper deals with the influence of deep cryogenic treatment on the induction hardened En 8 steel Deep cryogenic treatment is a treatment of steel at −196 °C for 24 h The result shows that dee
17 citations
TL;DR: The comparison of signal-to-noise ratio of the filter outputs proves that the adaptive filter provides better performance and a parallel interleaved sample of direct form adaptive FIR filter architecture is implemented and low-power issues are addressed.
Abstract: This paper presents efficient low-power adaptive filter architecture for electroencephalogram (EEG) signal and epileptic seizure detection using recurrence quantification analysis (RQA). The preprocessing of EEG is done using notch, wavelet and adaptive filter. The comparison of signal-to-noise ratio of the filter outputs proves that the adaptive filter provides better performance and a parallel interleaved sample of direct form adaptive FIR filter architecture is implemented and low-power issues are addressed. An innovative compressor-based addition technique is utilized in the filter implementation to reduce the area and power consumption. The design is developed using Verilog HDL and mapped to 65-nm technological node. The power results are compared with conventional architecture of adaptive filter. The major advantage of choosing RQA is that it provides better information even for short non-stationary and nonlinear signals where other methods fail to provide good results. And it requires no conventions about data set size or dispersal of the data. The algorithm is applied on epileptic EEG signal from CHB-MIT database. The RQA measures are determined from the recurrence plot, its performance is measured in terms of sensitivity and specificity as 97.4 and 93.5 %, respectively, and leakage power is reduced to 10 %.
15 citations
TL;DR: This article presents a new technique that embeds data in intermediate significant bit and least significant bit planes of the cover image by employing chaotic maps to generate random locations to hide the data bits as well as permutation order to encrypt the cover images.
Abstract: The recent trends in technology have made it possible to reproduce and share digital media more easily and more rapidly. This leads to the problem of exploiting the media illegitimately. To alleviate this problem, many cryptographic techniques are used to secure the data by encrypting them. However, the cloaked form of encrypted data attracts the intruder and shows the way to malicious attacks. Due to this, in recent times steganography has drawn more attention to secure the data. This article presents a new technique that embeds data in intermediate significant bit ISB and least significant bit LSB planes of the cover image. The method employs chaotic maps to generate random locations to hide the data bits as well as permutation order to encrypt the cover image. The cover image is first encrypted by applying permutation order, then embedding is carried out on the random locations generated. After embedding, the decrypted cover image is transmitted. This method provides two-level security in extracting the hidden data. Experimental outcomes PSNR, MSE, NAE, and NCC confirm that the method is proficient. The randomness of the values generated by chaotic maps is assessed by the NIST standard test suite.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of using diesel plastic oil blends in a CRDI diesel engine was evaluated and the experimental results inferring that, thermal efficiency of all blends gradually decreases compare to diesel at all loading condition.
Abstract: This research work is carried out to evaluate the effect of using diesel plastic oil blends in a CRDI diesel engine. This paper shows the potential of utilizing waste plastic oil extracted by pyrolysis of waste plastic as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. The plastic is not an ingredient component in environment due to the adhesive bond between their elements. The oil that can be removed from waste plastic contaminant is like inexhaustible energy resource. The plastic oil facilitate to reduce the obligation of fossil fuel as well as it can be used as an alternative fuel in engine without changing description of the engine as it can also be used in pure form or blended form. In this study the diesel engine is fuelled with plastic oil, diesel blends. The performance and emission characteristics is evaluated. The blends PO10,PO20 and PO30 are prepared on mass basis. The experimental results inferring that, thermal efficiency of all blends gradually decreases compare to diesel at all loading condition. CO emission is decreasing considerably with increasing the percentage of plastic oil in blends, NOX emission and CO2 emission is increasing slightly with increase in blends percentage and loads.
12 citations
16 Mar 2016
TL;DR: Very high facial emotion recognition rate of 97.63% and 94.8% has been obtained with the proposed method for JAFFE and Cohn-Kanade databases respectively.
Abstract: Facial expression recognition is the most important criteria for effective Human Computer Interaction (HCI) as well as a medium to understand and communicate with children who cannot emote verbally. In this paper, we propose a feature extraction technique by embedding 2D-LDA and 2D-PCA. The features extracted were then tested on standard classifiers i.e., Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbourhood (KNN) classifiers. Facial expression images from JAFFE and Cohn-Kennedy databases were utilized for training as well as testing. Very high facial emotion recognition rate of 97.63% and 94.8% has been obtained with the proposed method for JAFFE and Cohn-Kanade databases respectively.
11 citations
01 Aug 2016
TL;DR: This paper is a review of work carried out in the analysis of flow in different turbines employing CFD software, and the merits and demerits of CFD analysis offlow in turbines are mentioned.
Abstract: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a simulation tool, that employs applied mathematics and powerful computer to model fluid flow situations to anticipate the mass, momentum and heat transfer and most favorable design in industrial processes. Turbine is a rotary engine actuated by the impulse or reaction of a current of fluid subject to pressure which is made with a series of curved vanes on a central rotating spindle. CFD at present is the most vital tool to design and analyze different types of turbines. This paper is a review of work carried out in the analysis of flow in different turbines employing CFD software. Literature review of CFD analysis in turbines by various researchers is elucidated. In addition, the merits and demerits of CFD analysis of flow in turbines are mentioned. Future work germane to CFD investigation in turbines is also provided.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a microwave-assisted hybrid transesterfication process under various conditions such as microwave power, treatment time, ethanol:oil ratio and catalyst concentration (KOH) was employed to optimize and investigate the biodiesel production from castor oil.
Abstract: The key objective of the present research is to optimize and investigate the biodiesel production from ricinuscommunis (castor) oil using microwave-assisted hybrid transesterfication process under various conditions such as microwave power, treatment time, ethanol:oil ratio and catalyst concentration (KOH). Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with four factors with a three-level Box–Behnken response surface design (BBD) was employed to model the transesterfication technique. The obtained results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a second-order polynomial model was developed to study the interactive effect of process factors on biodiesel production. Derringer’s desired function methodology was used for the optimization and optimum conditions for maximizing the biodiesel production. Under optimum conditions, the predicted biodiesel production was found to be 95% with a desirability value of 0.998. The fuel properties of the produced biodiesel were compared with the ASTM D6751 ...
8 citations
TL;DR: A mountain density function MDF-based fuzzy clustering framework to discover user session clusters from web logs is proposed and results show that quality of clusters formed using MDFCM/MDFCMed is much better than FCM and FCMed.
Abstract: Analysis of web server logs of e-business organisations is critical to provide insight into users' web usage behaviour which can assist in designing most attractive websites. In this article, a mountain density function MDF-based fuzzy clustering framework to discover user session clusters from web logs is proposed. Major steps in this framework include web log preprocessing, MDF-based discovery of user session clusters and their validation. To deal with high dimensionality of user sessions, a fuzzy approach for assigning weights to user sessions has been proposed. For the discovery of user session clusters, fuzzy c-means FCM and fuzzy c-medoids FCMed algorithms are explored. Since the selection of suitable initial cluster centres is a big challenge, MDF-based fuzzy c-means MDFCM and fuzzy c-medoids MDFCMed algorithms are proposed to overcome this problem. Our results show that quality of clusters formed using MDFCM/MDFCMed is much better than FCM and FCMed.
TL;DR: From the study, it is clear that the dose-response increase of MN and NPBs is linear quadratic in nature and provides linear and quadRatic parameter for biodosimetry application.
Abstract: The present study is aimed at obtaining in vitro dose-response data for the induction of micronucleus (MN) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) in human lymphocytes using 60Co-gamma rays and 8 MeV pulsed electron beam. An attempt was made to validate the possibility of applying NPBs as new biodosimetry endpoint in the dose range of 0-6 Gy. A total of 1000 binucleated cells (BNCs) per dose point were evaluated for the frequency of MN and NPBs. From the study, it is clear that the dose-response increase of MN and NPBs is linear quadratic in nature. The study provides linear and quadratic parameter for biodosimetry application. The relative biological effectiveness value of the 8 MeV electron beam was estimated using slope values and is found to be 1.18 ± 0.01 for MN/BNCs, 1.27 ± 0.02 for the fraction of BNCs with MN, 1.16 ± 0.13 for MN/(BNCs with MN) and 1.09±0.01 for NPBs.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of various design parameters on the steady state thermal performance characteristics of liquid sodium which flows as a coolant over a rectangular nuclear fuel element having non-uniform volumetric energy generation was numerically investigated.
Abstract: The objective of this work is to numerically investigate the effect of various design parameters on the steady state thermal performance characteristics of liquid sodium which flows as a coolant over a rectangular nuclear fuel element having non-uniform volumetric energy generation. Accordingly, the stream function-vorticity formulation of the full Navier Stokes equations governing flow and thermal fields in the fluid domain (coolant) are solved simultaneously along with energy equation of fuel element, using finite difference schemes. The results obtained are presented in the form of variation of mean coolant temperature at the exit, average Nusselt number and average skin friction coefficient for a wide range of parameters - aspect ratio, Ar, conduction-convection parameter Ncc, total energy generation parameter Qt, and flow Reynolds number ReH. It is concluded that out of the various parameters studied, the flow Reynolds number, ReH considerably influences the mean exit temperature, whereas Ar has the least influence on it.
01 Aug 2016
TL;DR: A hybrid feature extraction technique consisting of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) accompanied by Shape Feature Extraction Technique (SFET) is proposed which shows a very high facial emotion recognition rate for JAFFE and Cohn-Kanade databases respectively.
Abstract: Facial emotion recognition is the most significant parameter for an efficacious Human Machine Interaction (HMI). It plays a crucial role in interpreting and communicating with the people who have speaking impairments as well as a medium to understand and communicate with infants who cannot emote their feelings verbally. In this paper, we propose a hybrid feature extraction technique consisting of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) accompanied by Shape Feature Extraction Technique (SFET).The features extracted were tested on standard classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbourhood (KNN) classifiers. Facial images from JAFFE and Cohn-Kennedy databases were utilized for training as well as testing. The work shows a very high facial emotion recognition rate of 93.94% and 91.8% with the proposed method for JAFFE and Cohn-Kanade databases respectively.
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The proposed system can effectively authenticate users even under high noise and attack, and follows the same encryption domain authentication technique suggested for images, which fares better than text based authentication scheme.
Abstract: Wireless security data is one of the challenges in wireless network. Because of the less and weak authentication and frequently changes, strong security mechanism are difficult to implement in such network. This paper presents a novel architecture for Image based authentication for wireless channel which is noise resilient and tampers proof. The server database stores set of images and a symmetric key is generated through Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) key generation for each user. Each user chooses an image as password from database, features are extracted from image and are encrypted with above key, and transmitted via AWGN channel with tampering and noise addition. At receiver, encryption domain feature matching is introduced. As the decryption process partially exposes the data to the imposter hence, not decrypted. Therefore, it selects all the images from the database, extracts their features and encrypts them with each user keys. With the incoming encrypted and tampered features it finds closest match and authenticates the user with closest match. The proposed system can effectively authenticate users even under high noise and attack. In this paper, the technique is compared with a text encryption. The features are encrypted with same key. The scheme follows the same encryption domain authentication technique suggested for images. Hence, image feature based authentication fares better than text based authentication scheme.
TL;DR: In the present study an attempt was made to estimate coefficients of dose response curves for PCC aberrations induced by CalyculinA and Okadaic acid, using 60Co gamma radiation and 8 MeV pulsed electron beam for biodosimetry application.
Abstract: Objective In the present study an attempt was made to estimate coefficients of dose response curves for PCC aberrations induced by CalyculinA and Okadaic acid, using 60Co gamma radiation and 8 MeV pulsed electron beam for biodosimetry application. Materials and methods The modified method outlined by Puig et al. 2013 was used to conduct Calyculin A and Okadaic acid induced PCC assay in human blood lymphocytes.Chemical treatment was given for the last 1 h of a 48 h culture. The study was carried out in the dose range 2.5 to 20 Gy using 60Co gamma rays and 8 MeV pulsed electron beam. Results and conclusions Results show a linear dose dependent increase with a slope of 0.047 ± 0.001 from Calycalin A PCC and 0.048 ± 0.002 form Okadaic acid PCC. The slope of the fragments curve was 0.327 ± 0.006 from Calyculin A and 0.328 ± 0.006 from Okadaic acid PCC. Further, dose calibration studies were carried out for 8 MeV electron using Calyculin A PCC assay and the obtained slope from ring yield was 0.054 ± 0.002 and 0.427 ± 0.009 from fragment yield.
TL;DR: The Mannich reaction is a three-component reaction of an aldehyde, a primary or secondary amine and a ketone which is one of the most powerful C-C bond forming reactions in organic synthesis as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Mannich reaction is a three-component reaction of an aldehyde, a primary or secondary amine and a ketone which is one of the most powerful C-C bond forming reactions in organic synthesis. It leads to β-amino carbonyl compounds, which are useful for the syntheses of nitrogen containing compounds, such as natural products and medicinally relevant compounds. The versatility and potential of these compounds to introduce both functional and structural diversity using the Mannich reaction have stimulated the creativity of chemists. Keeping in view of the importance of this organic moiety in the field of medicine and biology here an attempt has been made to review the synthesis and biological importance of heterocyclic Mannich base derivatives.
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The hardware realization of the basic blocks of Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) using simplified inference mechanism circuits are designed and tested in Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Current Mode (CM).
Abstract: In this paper, the hardware realization of the basic blocks of Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) using simplified inference mechanism circuits are designed and tested in Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Current Mode (CM). These circuits are useful in fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy systems. FIS consists of three main functional blocks. The fuzzification block using Membership Function Generator Circuit (MFGC), rule evaluation and defuzzification. The circuits are designed using the Cadence Virtuoso Design environment in 180nm technology and tested using the Spectre tool. The responses of the circuits, for variations in different signal values are represented using characteristics obtained from spectre tool. The circuit delays and average power are calculated from transient responses with simulation matching the mathematical calculation.
TL;DR: In this paper, polylactide was doped with nano-aluminium oxide and nano-cupric oxide with 1 and 3 µmg of concentration variants, and the interaction between the polymer matrix and the nanoparticles has been studied using Fourier transform infrared.
Abstract: Elucidation of the structure of naturally existing or synthesized substances is an important criterion in the study of materials to predict the application of the substance. In this study, polylactide was doped with nano-aluminium oxide and nano-cupric oxide with 1 and 3 mg of concentration variants. The interaction between the polymer matrix and the nanoparticles has been studied using Fourier transform infrared. Successful doping of the polymer has been observed. Attention has been drawn to check the intermolecular bonding in films having varying thicknesses, films prepared at higher sonication temperatures, and chemical homogeneity of the doped polymer films.
TL;DR: A series of twelve isoxazole analogs containing dibenzosuberane moiety were synthesized using convergent synthesis approach as discussed by the authors, and all the compounds were screened for their antiproliferative property against HepG2 and HeLa cell lines.
Abstract: A series of twelve novel isoxazole analogs containing dibenzosuberane moiety were synthesized using convergent synthesis approach. Newly synthesized compounds were well characterized by mass spectroscopy, IR and NMR spectroscopy. All the compounds were screened for their antiproliferative property against HepG2 and HeLa cell lines. Among them, compounds 7a, 7b, 7c, 7g and 7h were found active against both HepG2 and HeLa cell lines. Twelve analogs of isoxazole containing dibenzosuberane moiety (7a–l) were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the preparation of aluminum 6061 nano hybrid composite samples reinforced with equal weight percentage of nano-ZrO2, microSiC, micro-Gr particles of 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, and 3% using stir casting method.
Abstract: This work presents the preparation of aluminum (Al) 6061 nano hybrid composite samples reinforced with equal weight percentage of nano-ZrO2, micro-SiC, micro-Gr particles of 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25%, and 3% using stir casting method. Friction characteristics of the composite samples under reciprocating conditions were studied at 125 °C using L27 orthogonal array and Taguchi method. The results of analysis of variance showed the influencing parameter for friction coefficient in the order of applied load and reciprocating sliding speed, followed by sliding distance and percent reinforcement. Hence, the total combined reinforcement sample of 6.75% was found to be optimum in terms of frictional characteristics and tensile strength. It was selected to synthesize lightweight nano hybrid composite cylinder liner (NL) and to replace the present cast iron cylinder liner (CL) used in biodiesel engine application. The developed NL had a 43.75% reduced weight than the currently used CL. Neat diesel and biodiesel from Jatropha oil and its diesel blends were used as test fuels. Experimental results proved that NL improved brake thermal efficiency, in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate and reduced carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and smoke emission in comparison with the existing liner. The results also showed that emission of the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) increased marginally with the new liner. Thus, the newly developed NL was found suitable for both diesel- and biodiesel-operated internal combustion engines.
01 Sep 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the conversion of municipal plastic wastes like milk covers and water bottles are selected as feed stocks to get oil using pyrolysis method, the performance analysis on CRDI diesel engine and to assess emission characteristics like HC, CO, NOX and smoke by using blends of Diesel-Plastic liquid fuels.
Abstract: The rate of economic evolution is untenable unless we save or stops misusing the fossil fuels like coal, crude oil or fossil fuels. So we are in need of start count on the alternate or renewable energy sources. In this experimental analysis an attempt has been made to investigate the conversion of municipal plastic wastes like milk covers and water bottles are selected as feed stocks to get oil using pyrolysis method, the performance analysis on CRDI diesel engine and to assess emission characteristics like HC, CO, NOX and smoke by using blends of Diesel-Plastic liquid fuels. The plastic fuel is done with the pH test using pH meter after the purification process and brought to the normal by adding KOH and NaOH. Blends of 0 to 100% plastic liquid fuel-diesel mixture have been tested for performance and emission aspect as well. The experimental results shows the efficiently convert weight of municipal waste plastics into 65% of useful liquid hydrocarbon fuels without emitting much pollutants.
TL;DR: The cyclohexenone ring in the title compound adopts an envelope conformation and in the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H ⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons of edge-fused rings propagating along.
Abstract: The title compound, C19H17Cl3N2O3, has been prepared in a cyclocondensation reaction between 2,3,5-trichlorobenzaldehye and 4-acetyl-2-methyl-1H-imidazole. The cyclohexenone ring adopts an envelope conformation with the C atom substituted by the trichlorophenyl ring as the flap. The mutually trans ester and aryl substituents both occupy equatorial sites. In the crystal, a combination of N—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds links the molecules into ribbons of edge-fused centrosymmetric rings, which enclose R22(14) and R44(16) alternate ring motifs, propagating along the b-axis direction.