Showing papers by "Research Triangle Park published in 1972"

Similarity criteria for the application of fluid models to the study of air pollution meteorology

Abstract: Similarity criteria for modeling atmospheric flows in air and water are reviewed. It is shown that five nondimensional parameters plus a set of nondimensional boundary conditions must be matched in model and prototype. The neglect of the Rossby number can lead to serious errors in modeling of diffusion in a prototype with a length scale greater than about five kilometers. The Reynolds number, the Peclet number and the Reynolds-Schmidt product criteria may be neglected if the model flow is of sufficiently high Reynolds number. The Froude number criterion appears to be the most important. The complete specification of boundary conditions is found to be nebulous, but is discussed in some detail. Over-roughening of the model surface may be necessary to satisfy a roughness Reynolds number criterion. Both air and water appear to be suitable fluids to use as modeling media.

Intravenous injection in man of 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-OH- 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol.

Abstract: A microsuspension of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and of its metabolic derivative 11-OH-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol has been prepared with 25 percent human serum albumin as the vehicle. Intravenous infusion of this preparation to humans indicates that both tetrahydrocannabinols are equally potent in producing the typical marihuana-like pschological and physiological effects.

Role of the tuberculum olfactorium in streotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine in the rat.

Abstract: Bilateral ablation of the tuberculum olfactorium markedly reduced stereotyped behaviour following apomorphine treatment in the rat. Bilateral dissection of the olfactory bulb or large bilateral lesions in the nucleus caudatus putamen did not significantly affect the stereotyped behaviour. It is concluded that an intact tuberculum olfactorium is essential for the induction of stereotyped behaviour by apomorphine.

Interactions between Steady Won-Uniform Currents and Gravity Waves with Applications for Current Measurements

Abstract: Interactions between steady non-uniform currents and gravity waves are generalized to include the case of a random gravity wave field. The Kitaigorodskii-Pierson-Moskowitz frequency spectrum is used as the basic spectral form for zero current condition. Modified spectral functions in both wavenumber and frequency spaces under the influence of current are found by using energy conservation and kinematic wave conservation laws. The relative importance of the current-wave interaction was measured by the nondimensional parameter U/C0, with U as the current speed and C0 the phase speed of a wave under no current. As a result of the current-wave interaction, the magnitude and the location of the energy peak in the spectrum is altered. Since the phase speed of gravity waves is a monotonically decreasing function of wavenumber and frequency, the influence of current will be predominant at the higher wavenumber range. Furthermore, the contribution from the higher wavenumber range dominates the surface slo...

Morphology and Properties of Crystalline Polymers with Fiber Structure

Abstract: The morphological properties as derived from wide- and small-angle x-ray scattering, IR dichroism, electron spin resonance, and electron microscopy, and the anisotropy of mechanical properties of the fiber structure can be well explained by the microfibrillar concept developed on the basis of a detailed study of plastic deformation and fracture of polymer single crystals. The microfibrils bridging the cracks of a fractured crystal contain in axial direction a regular alternation of crystal blocks and amorphous layers containing chain folds, chain ends and a large ratio (between 5 and 30%) of tie mole cules providing the high longitudinal elastic modulus and strength. With lateral dimensions between 100 and 300 A and a length of about 10 μ, they represent the strong structural element of the fiber. Lateral fit of crystal blocks of adjacent microfibrils produces the lamellae oriented more or less perpendicular to the fiber axis. They are a secondary structural element contributing to the lateral elastic mod...

Southern Pine Beetle Mortality in North Carolina Caused by Parasites and Predators

Abstract: A survey in 5 geographic blocks of North Carolina indicated that an average of 24% of the brood of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman had been parasitized and preyed upon by zoological agents. The effeet of these agents was assessed and compared during 3 years, in 3 attack stages on the tree, in 3 tree species, and in 3 sections of the tree. The more effective predatory agents were woodpeckers, the clerid Thanasimus dubius (F.), and an anthocorid, Scoloposcelis mississippensis Drake & Harris. Of several parasites, Roptrocerus xylophagorum Ratzeburg and Coleoides pissodes Ashmead contributed most to total mortality.

The Size of Suspended Particulate Matter in Air Size distributions of ambient aerosols must be studied in order to determine their effects on the environment

Abstract: By means of the NASN cascade impactor the particle sizes of ambient aerosols can be measured by fractionating the particles according to their aerodynamic dimensions, and the fractions can be quantified gravimetrically. Data obtained with this instrument show that particulate matter suspended in urban air in the United States and Great Britain is remarkably uniform in distribution and that the particles are predominantly less than 1 µm in diameter. In Ankara, Turkey, the high proportion of particles larger than 1 µm in diameter are associated with the incomplete combustion of lignite; particulate concentrations in Ankara, however, are considerably higher than those measured elsewhere. The growth of particles in air during temperature inversions occurs in Cincinnati; the greater proportion of large particles found there during inversion periods can account for the reduction in visibility. Aerosols in the vicinity of highways are composed of particles larger than those found some distance away because of the reentrainment of debris by the traffic-induced turbulence. On the other hand, highway configuration and traffic volume have little effect on the size distribution of aerosols in samples collected away from the turbulence area of the roadway. Aerosols measured inside buildings are predominantly smaller in size and exhibit a narrower range of sizes than aerosols outside buildings.

A universal cyclic division circuit

Abstract: Recent innovations in circuit technology have allowed design alternatives that previously would have been economically unsound. LSI technology permits the use of generalized systems containing more logic than the specialized systems used in the past, implemented in unit logic, and at even lower cost. Five years ago an engineer would not have even considered using a cyclic redundancy checking circuit in the manner described here.

Distribution of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol in the mouse

Abstract: 1. The distribution of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-(14)C in the pregnant and nonpregnant mouse is very similar. High concentrations of radiolabel can be seen in the maternal liver, spleen, lungs, brown fat, adrenal glands, mammary glands, yolk sac placenta and corpora lutea. In the pregnant mouse Delta(9)-THC crosses the placenta and enters the foetuses in very low concentrations, with no apparent selective intrafoetal radiolabel accumulation sites. Autoradiograms showing the distribution of (14)C-cannabinoid 2 h after dosing are presented.2. A small amount of maternal liver and foetal tissue was removed from the mice, used for autoradiography and extracted with ethyl acetate. Most of the radiolabel in these tissues was solvent extractable and was separated by thin layer chromatography into two fractions, THC and metabolites.3. It appears that most of the cannabinoid is present in a free rather than conjugated form.

Transfer of gas to dissolved oxygen in water via porous and nonporous polymer membranes

Abstract: The transfer rates of oxygen via polymer membranes in gas–membrane–gas and gas–membrane–water (dissolved oxygen) were investigated with various porous membranes and compared with results of silicone rubber sheet (nonporous, homogeneous polymer membrane). With a nonporous membrane, the permeability constant obtained by gas–membrane–gas represents the true membrane permeability in gas–membrane–water system, and consequently the transport resistance due to boundary layer can be quantitatively estimated. With a porous membrane, the data in gas–membrane–gas system (under applied pressure) merely represent the gas effusion rate of the membrane and are not directly related to the dissolved oxygen transfer rate in gas–membrane–water system. The penetration of liquid water into the pores of porous membrane is the most important controlling factor for the dissolved oxygen transfer rate of a porous membrane. With a porous membrane in which liquid water does not penetrate into the pore, the overall transfer rate of dissolved oxygen reaches the level which corresponds to that of the boundary layer found with silicone rubber membrane.

On the Evaluation of Shortage Costs for Inventory Control of Finished Goods

Abstract: This paper summarizes work performed in evaluating shortage costs associated with stockouts for each of a manufacturer's seven thousand catalogued line items A modified version of a decision tree model proposed by Yu Chang is employed in a determination of estimated unit shortage costs for a stratified random sample of items The data required by this model for describing customer behavior were obtained via direct interviews and an extensive mail survey, while the remaining data were extracted from records of the manufacturer The results are extended to all items on the basis of an excellent correlation between, the evaluated unit shortage costs and unit gross profits of the items in the sample

Line control procedures

Abstract: An exposition of the basic principles underlying data communication line control procedures is presented. Two specific line controls are then described, with special attention given to their embodiments of these principles.

Radical formation and fracture of highly drawn crystalline polymers

Abstract: In tensile strength experiments of highly drawn crystalline polymers by using electron spin resonance the appearance of radicals is observed all over the strained sample long before its fracture It is generally considered that the radical formation is the consequence of rupture of the most strained tie molecules The maximum number of radicals at sample failure is much larger than twice the number of ruptured tie molecules in the fracture plane and much smaller than the total number of tie molecules in the sample In order to explain this situation, one has to take into account the defect distribution of the microfibrillar superlattice of the fiber structure The highest strain and stress concentration in such a lattice occurs at the point vacancies or point dislocations at the ends of microfibrils where the material connection by tie molecules with the rest of the sample is interrupted so that nearly the whole load has to be borne by adjacent microfibrils About 1015 such defects exists per cub

Submicron polymer powder in electrodeless radio frequency‐induced plasma‐initiated polymerization

Abstract: Of the 30 monomers and monomer combinations investigated, 11 were polymerized into essentially all powder, 17 into predominantly a film, and two could not be polymerized in an electrodeless rf plasma-initiated gas phase polymerization. Efficient powder formation was mainly determined by the type of the monomer, the monomer partial pressure, the type of inert gas used, and the design of the polymerization chamber. The powders examined consisted of spherical particles of submicron size and were almost completely or partially soluble; and in the case of polystyrene, the powders possesses a very narrow particle-size distribution. In all cases, the soluble material was of a very low molecular weight. The best conversion to powder achieved was 18%.

Bistatic Radar Detection of the Melting Layer

Abstract: Recent operation of the Valley Forge-Wallops Island bistatic radar link during two days characterized by light rain and drizzle provided some detailed, bistatically derived information on atmospheric structure in the vicinity of Wallops Island. Data are presented that give unambiguous evidence of the simultaneous bistatic and monostatic radar detection of the melting layer. The height of the melting layer, as measured in the bistatic mode, has been confirmed by both radar backscatter measurements and radiosonde data. Methods used in interpreting forward-scatter data are discussed and approximate values for the layer thickness and reflectivity are derived.

Remote Measurement of Smoke Plume Transmittance Using Lidar

Abstract: A van-mounted ruby lidar system has been developed for the remote single-ended measurement of smoke plume transmittance at ranges of 150–500 m. The measurement of transmittance is obtained by comparing the clear air lidar return from the near side of the plume with that from the far side. The system performance has been tested using synthetic targets of known transmittance, and its aclidar curacy limitation has been found to be photomultiplier tube afterpulsing. Results from these target tests as well as field tests using real power plant smoke plumes where comparison telephotometer measurements were made are discussed in terms of accuracy for the determination of plume transmittance.

The specificity of the Duquenois color test for marihuana and hashish.

Abstract: The Duquenois color test [1,2], coupled when possible with botanical examination [3], is regarded as one of the most reliable indications of the trace presence of cannabinoids, the physiologically active constituents of marihuana and hashish [4] Consequently, this color test is used widely in forensic laboratories in the United States Analysis of extracts from a substantial number of plant families has failed as yet to discover any exception to the specificity of the test [3,5] However, it is clear that an understanding of the chemical basis of the test would allow a better appreciation of the molecular features which are necessary for a positive color test, and an increased confidence in its specificity With this end in mind, we have studied the minimum structural features of the cannabinoid skeleton which are necessary for a positive test