Showing papers by "Russian Academy of Sciences published in 1980"
01 Jul 1980
TL;DR: The theory of outer-sphere electron transfer reactions in polar solvents is developed in this article, based on a description of the solvent by complex dielectric permittivity in the Debye approach.
Abstract: The theory of outer-sphere electron transfer reactions in polar solvents is developed. It is based on a description of the solvent by complex dielectric permittivity in the Debye approach. It was shown that the pre-exponential factor of the electron transfer probability in the case of a strong interaction differs from all known pre-exponential factors of earlier works. An activation energy for electron transfer is obtained larger than the well-known expression first obtained by Marcus [1]. A new criterion distinguishing between non-adiabatic and adiabatic reactions is developed. Outer-sphere electron transfer was treated by generalizing and solving the Landau-Zener problem for the case where the system passes the intersection point of electronic terms without velocity and motion in the crossing region is diffusive.
859 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the influence of the molecular interaction of spherical elastic particles with the rigid substrate exerts on their adhesion, the form close to the contact zone, and the dimensions of that zone.
635 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the adsorption properties of carbonaceous adsorbents can be approximated with great accuracy by a two-term equation of TVFM, with n = 2.
611 citations
597 citations
TL;DR: It can be concluded that both the reciprocal and the unidirectional central commands to antagonistic motoneurones occur simultaneously, as well as a scheme of superposition, of these motor commands are discussed.
540 citations
503 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Gegenbauer polynomial x -space technique for evaluating dimensionally regularized massless Feynman diagrams is formulated and the analytical evaluation of counterterms in the minimal subtraction scheme at any model and for any composite operator is really possible.
489 citations
TL;DR: A considerable portion of Northern Eurasia, and particularly its continental shelf, was glaciated by inland ice during late Weichsel time as mentioned in this paper, which was first inferred from such evidence as glacial striae, submarine troughs, sea-bed diamictons, boulder trains on adjacent land, and patterns of glacioisostatic crustal movements.
332 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the Schrodinger equation for a single particle and its discrete analogues and proved that the spectra of corresponding random operators and their point spectra are dense with probability 1 and that in the one-dimensional case they have no absolutely continuous component.
Abstract: The paper considers the Schrodinger equation for a single particle and its discrete analogues. Assuming that the coefficients of these equations are homogeneous and ergodic random fields, it is proved that the spectra of corresponding random operators and their point spectra are dense with probability 1 and that in the one-dimensional case they have no absolutely continuous component. Rather wide sufficient conditions of exponential growth of the Cauchy solutions of the one-dimensional equations considered are found.
315 citations
TL;DR: The hindlimb of the spinal frog produces a wiping reflex evoked by electrically or chemically stimulating distal skin of the forelimb, which is discussed in light of the hypothesis that movement is evoked according to changes in the equilibrium (postural state) of the system.
Abstract: The hindlimb of the spinal frog produces a wiping reflex evoked by electrically or chemically stimulating distal skin of the forelimb. The reflex was released in frogs supported on a flat surface or suspended. It was found to have two stages. During the first, the frog fixed the hindlimb in an intermediate posture irrespective of forelimb position. In the second, the movement depended on forelimb position, which determined the final posture of the hindlimb. In this final posure, all joints except the hip joint were fully extended; the hip angle was correlated with forelimb position and varied on repeated wipings. When the stimulus was applied to the skin of the back, the pattern of final postures was the same, but the intermediate postures differed. The organization of the wiping reflex is discussed in light of the hypothesis that movement is evoked according to changes in the equilibrium (postural state) of the system.
300 citations
TL;DR: Comparison of the yeast 18 S rRNA sequences with partial sequence data, available for rRNAs of the other eucaryotes, provides strong evidence that a substantial portion of the 18 S RNA sequence has been conserved in evolution.
Abstract: The cloned 18 S ribosomal RNA gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been sequenced, using the Maxam-Gilbert procedure. From this data the complete sequence of 1789 nucleotides of the 18 S RNA was deduced. Extensive homology with many eucaryotic as well as E. coli ribosomal small subunit rRNA (S-rRNA) has been observed in the 3'-end region of the rRNA molecule. Comparison of the yeast 18 S rRNA sequences with partial sequence data, available for rRNAs of the other eucaryotes provides strong evidence that a substantial portion of the 18 S RNA sequence has been conserved in evolution.
TL;DR: Three copies of a highly repetitive DNA sequence B1 which is complementary to the most abundant class of mouse fold-back RNA have been cloned in pBR322 plasmid and sequenced by the method of Maxam and Gilbert and two regions within the B1 sequence which are homologous to the intron-exon junctions are found.
Abstract: Three copies of a highly repetitive DNA sequence B1 which is complementary to the most abundant class of mouse fold-back RNA have been cloned in pBR322 plasmid and sequenced by the method of Maxam and Gilbert. All the three have a length of about 130 base pairs and are very similar in their base sequence. The deviation from the average sequence is equal to 4% and the overall mismatch between each two is not higher than 8%. One of the recombinant clones used contained two copies of B1 oriented in the same direction. All of the B1 copies are flanked with sequences which possess nonidentical but very similar structure. They consist of a number of AmCn blocks (where m varies from 2 to 8 and n equals 1-2). These peculiar sequences in all cases are separated from B1 by non-homologous DNA stretches of 2-8 residues. In one case, a long polypurine stretch is located next to such a block. It consists of 74 residues most of which represent a reiteration of the basic sequence AAAAG. We have found two regions within the B1 sequence which are homologous to the intron-exon junctions, especially to those present in the large intron of the mouse beta-globin gene. It may indicate the involvement of the B1 sequence in pre-mRNA splicing.
TL;DR: In this paper, the principal chiral fields on the symplectic, unitary and orthogonal Lie groups are shown to be integrable by means of the inverse scattering problem method.
Abstract: Well known classical spinor relativistic-invariant two-dimensional field theory models, including the Gross-Neveu, Vaks-Larkin-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio and some other models, are shown to be integrable by means of the inverse scattering problem method. These models are shown to be naturally connected with the principal chiral fields on the symplectic, unitary and orthogonal Lie groups. The respective technique for construction of the soliton-like solutions is developed.
TL;DR: The data obtained give additional support to the hypothesis that the reciprocal and the joint central control of antagonistic motoneurones are universal commands that are used for the construction of any motor program.
TL;DR: In this article, it has been shown that water adsorption is due to the formation of hydrogen bonds both between the oxygen complexes on the surface of carbonaceous adsorbents and between the adsorbed molecules themselves.
TL;DR: A complete set of elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric constants of ZnO and CdS at room temperature was determined by the method of resonanceantiresonance.
TL;DR: The primary cuts were found to be non-randomly and unevenly distributed through the whole SV40 genome and those located in the “early” half of SV40 DNA were mapped and possible relation of the results to the nucleosomal organization of the compact minichromosome is discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a chiral phase system is presented for the resolution of unmodified α-amino acid racemates which is composed of a reverse phase packing coated with N-alkyl-L-hydroxyproline and a hydro-organic eluent containing copper(II)acetate.
Abstract: A novel chiral phase system is presented for the resolution of unmodified α-amino acid racemates which is composed of a reverse phase packing coated with N-alkyl-L-hydroxyproline (where alkyl is n-C7H15-, n-C10H21- and n-C16H33-) and a hydro-organic eluent containing copper(II)acetate. The factors controlling retention and enantioselectivity such as concentration of Cu(II)ion and pH of the eluent, addition of NH4Ac to the eluent, type and content of organic solvent of hydro-organic eluent and column temperature were examined. The extremely high enantioselectivity observed (α up to 16) is assumed to be caused by a three site sorbate-sorbent interaction involving bidentate coordination of two amino acids to a Cu(II)ion and hydrophobic attractions between hydrocarbon side chains of amino acids and the n-octadecyl groups of the support. The efficiency and selectivity of the system permits resolution of up to 7 racemic amino acids into enantiomers within 35 minutes on a conventional HPLC apparatus.
TL;DR: In this paper, 13C-nmr spectra of red seaweed galactans, belonging to the agar and carrageenan groups or having the intermediate type of structure, were interpreted on the basis of 13Cnm r spectra for model compounds.
Abstract: 13C-nmr spectra of red seaweed galactans, belonging to the agar and carrageenan groups or having the “intermediate” type of structure, were interpreted on the basis of 13C-nmr spectra of model compounds. Signal assignments have been made for most of the known extreme structures of such galactans. 13C-nmr spectroscopy was shown to be a rapid and convenient method of structural analysis, which permits one to determine the type of galactan structure, the absolute configurations of its constituents (galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose), and the positions of the sulfate and O-methyl groups in a polysaccharide molecule.
TL;DR: In this paper, the ferroelectric properties of (Na0,5Bi 0,5,5TiO3) single crystals are studied and it is found that some physical characteristics possess a large temperature hysteresis in the temperature range 200 − 300°C.
Abstract: The ferroelectric properties of (Na0,5Bi0,5TiO3) single crystals are studied It is found that some physical characteristics possess a large temperature hysteresis in the temperature range 200 – 300°C The nature of that hysteresis is discussed
TL;DR: The three dimensional structure of the first globular protein, sperm whale myoglobin, was decoded in 1960 and the decoding of the subsequent proteins, lysozyme, ribonuclease, chymotrypsin and other serine proteases redoubled the feeling of amazement and even of some confusion.
Abstract: (A) Evolutionary similarities of protein structures Two decades have passed from the time that the three dimensional structure of the first globular protein, sperm whale myoglobin, was decoded (Kendrew et al. 1960). Its structure, which now looks so simple and habitual, then seemed to be unusually complicated. The decoding of the subsequent proteins, lysozyme (Blake et al. 1965), ribonuclease (Kartha, Bello & Harker, 1967), chymotrypsin (Matthews et al. 1967), carboxypeptidase (Lipscomb et al. 1969) redoubled the feeling of amazement and even of some confusion before the extremely complicated, intricate and, above all, absolutely unlike protein structures. Some consolation against this background was the evident and far-reaching similarity between the three-dimensional structures of myoglobin and hemoglobin subunits (Perutz, Kendrew & Watson, 1965) and an analogous similarity between the structures of chymotrypsin and other serine proteases, elastase (Shotton & Watson, 1970) and trypsin (Stroud, Kay & Dickerson, 1972). However this similarity was easily explained by the far-reaching homology between the primary structures of myoglobin and hemoglobin and between the primary structures of serine proteases.
TL;DR: In this article, the steady propagation of a convex laminar flame front in long channels is considered and the existence of a stagnation zone fixed with respect to the flame front is taken into account.
Abstract: The steady propagation of a convex laminar flame front in long channels is under consideration. In comparison to the previous theoretical efforts by Zel'dovich (1944), Tsien (1951), Chernyi (1954) and Borisov (1978) the existence of a stagnation zone fixed with respect to the flame front is taken into account. The flame front is supposed to be a hydrodynamic discontinuity with the known normal rate of propagation through the cold gas; the boundary surface of the stagnation zone is considered as a discontinuity of the tangential component of velocity, i.e. as a vortex sheet The upstream flow field of cold gases can be treated as a potential one; however, the downstream flow of combustion products must be rotational. Vortices generated at the curved flame front drift along the streamlines and fill the whole flow area behind the flame. The gas viscosity, thermal conductivity, and diffusivity of the reacting components and heat losses at walls are neglected in this hydrodynamic model. The integral eq...
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: The notion of zero charge (pzc) and the relevant term were introduced 50 years ago and proved to be an important electrochemical characteristic of metal and to play a major role in electrocapillary and electrokinetic phenomena, electric double-layer structure, adsorption of ions and neutral organic molecules on the electrode, wetting phenomena, physicochemical mechanics of solids, photoemission of electrons from metal into solution, and in electrochemical kinetics as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The notion of the potential of zero charge (pzc) and the relevant term were introduced 50 years ago.(1) Later, the pzc was proved to be an important electrochemical characteristic of metal and to play a major role in electrocapillary and electrokinetic phenomena, electric double-layer structure, adsorption of ions and neutral organic molecules on the electrode, wetting phenomena, physico-chemical mechanics of solids, photoemission of electrons from metal into solution, and in electrochemical kinetics. The introduction of the notion of pzc led to solution of the Volta problem and to rigorous interpretation of the attempts to measure or calculate the “absolute” electrode potential. All this testifies to the fundamental nature of the notion of pzc.
TL;DR: Variations of the values for A and k in generalized regressions for Crustacea within the temperature limits of the physiological range were shown to have quite a clear-cut and regular character and only slight deviations from the theory of empirically found values were found.
Abstract: The respiratorion rates of Crustacea from temperate and tropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean were measured directly at habitat temperatures of 19, 25 and 29 °C. The results were analysed together with data obtained from similar investigations in previous years (Ivleva, 1977) on Crustacea from moderately cold and polar latitudes at 10, 6 and 0 °C. Variations of the values for A and k in generalized regressions (R = AWκ) for Crustacea within the temperature limits of the physiological range were shown to have quite a clear-cut and regular character. The coefficient k varied from 0.60 to 0.79 and revealed a tendency to increase as temperatures decreased. The value of A increased with rising temperature within all intervals from 0 to 30 °C. The quantitative relationship between respiration rate and temperature was evaluated by the Arrhenius equation. Statistical processing of resultant data indicated a rather close association between log A and the habitat temperature of the Crustacea but only slight deviations from the theory of empirically found values. The accelerating effect of temperature (μ) was 13 ± 0.13 keal/mol. This value was used to calculate Q10, which was more convenient for practical purposes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the renormalization procedure for fields on a contour is considered and it is shown that in a quantum string-like equation for a non-abelian contour field the mass term has the correct sign.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors concluded that the high rates of sedimentation and the high general intensity of volcanism are characteristic of the initial parts of tectonic cycles and the major transgressions and the peaks of carbonate accumulation fall in their middle parts.
TL;DR: In this paper, high-resolution infrared spectra have been remeasured for the 2.5 GHz and 3 GHz bands of /sup 14/NH/sub 3/ using a vacuum grating infrared spectrometer and a diode laser spectrometers.
TL;DR: In this article, the possible shapes of the ground (U I ) and first excited (U II ) adiabatic potentials are discussed in connection with the electron transfer problem, and the transfer rate W has the form W = B exp(− E A / T ), the preexponential factor B can be influenced by the size of the gap, especially when Γ is small.
TL;DR: In this article, a class of flows of an ideal incompressible liquid with nontrivial topology is considered, and a parametrization of these flows by the n -field is shown to result in hamiltonian equations.