Saarland University

About: Saarland University is a education organization based out in Saarbrücken, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 19555 authors who have published 39678 publications receiving 1109295 citations. The organization is also known as: University of the Saarland & Universität des Saarlandes.

The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: Update report from the standardization committee of the International Children's Continence Society

Abstract: Purpose: We updated the terminology in the field of pediatric lower urinary tract function. Materials and Methods: Discussions were held in the board of the International Children's Continence Society and an extensive reviewing process was done involving all members of the International Children's Continence Society, the urology section of the American Academy of Pediatrics, the European Society of Pediatric Urology, as well as other experts in the field. Results and Conclusions: New definitions and a standardized terminology are provided, taking into account changes in the adult sphere and new research results.

When do changes induce fixes

Abstract: As a software system evolves, programmers make changes that sometimes cause problems. We analyze CVS archives for fix-inducing changes---changes that lead to problems, indicated by fixes. We show how to automatically locate fix-inducing changes by linking a version archive (such as CVS) to a bug database (such as BUGZILLA). In a first investigation of the MOZILLA and ECLIPSE history, it turns out that fix-inducing changes show distinct patterns with respect to their size and the day of week they were applied.

Calcium tolerant ventricular myocytes prepared by preincubation in a "KB medium".

Abstract: 1. Ventricular myocytes were isolated by means of collagenase and hyaluronidase. Hearts of rats or guinea pigs were perfused in a retrograde manner; bovine ventricular tissue was incubated in from of tissue chunks. 2. In “low Ca medium” (aCa=1 μM), the myocytes beat spontaneously. Resting potentials of −4 mV and input resistances of 1 MΩ, associated with a fast decay of aKi, indicated “hyperpermeability” of the cell membrane. Within 2 h, the cells aged: they granulated (swelling of mitochondria), contracted, rounded up and finally disaggregated. When the superfusate was changed to Tyrode solution (3.6 mM CaCl2), 90–98% of those cells responded with the “Ca paradox”. Initially, aCai increased from 0.2 μM to >10 μM, and the sarcomere length (SL) shortened to <1.5 μm. Within the following 3 min aCai renormalized but the contracture was sustained. After another 5 min, the SL shortened to <1.2 μm, but a delay of 1–2 min passed before aCai started to increase towards aCa0. The 2–10% Ca tolerant cells beat spontaneously. Their resting potentials were between −10 and −70 mV, their input resistances between 4 and 20 MΩ. Repolarization by anodal current flow could restore the sodium spike but not the plateau of the action potential. 3. Freshly prepared myocytes were pre-incubated in a KB medium composed of 85 mM KCl, 30 mM K2HPO4, 5 mM MgSO4, 5 mM Na2ATP, 5 mM pyruvate, 5 mM succinate, 5 mM β-OH-butyrate, 5 mM creatine, adjusted with KOH to pH 7.2 and with EGTA to pCa 7.5. The minimum time of preincubation was 1 h, the maximum 5 days when the cells were stored at 5°C. The conditioning with the KB medium improved both Ca tolerance and electrophysiology significantly. About 70% of the rod shaped myocytes were Ca tolerant. These cells had resting potentials between −75 and −90 mV, the membrane resistances were around 7 kΩ×cm2. The action potentials showed well pronounced plateaus and lasted for 125 ms (rat), 300 ms (guinea pig) or 400 ms (bovine). Their shape showed the typical species related pecularities. 4. We discuss that both ageing and Ca intolerance of the un-conditioned cells result from Ca overload through the hyperpermeable membrane, and that Ca overload causes ATP depletion via mitochondrial disfunction. The constituents of the KB medium may act to prevent these processes.

A general theory of curved deformable interfaces in solids at equilibrium

Abstract: We discuss the deformation of a curved interface between solid phases, assuming small strains in the bulk phases and neglecting accretion at the interfaces. Such assumptions are relevant to the deformation of solid microstructures when atomic diffusion and the formation of defects such as dislocations are negligible. We base our theory on a constitutive equation giving the (excess) free energy ψ of the interface when the interfacial limits of the displacement fields in the abutting phases as well as the limits of the displacement gradients are known. Using general considerations of frame invariance, we show that ψ can depend on these quantities at most through: firstly the normal and tangential components of the jump in displacement at the interface (stretch and slip), secondly the average of the projected strain in the tangent plane (average tangential strain), thirdly the tangential component of the jump in the projected displacement gradient at the interface (relative tangential strain and rel...