Showing papers by "Saint Louis University published in 1970"
TL;DR: Inulin penetration occurred at pH 7.0 with 1 mM EDTA and at pH 9.0 without EDTA, suggesting increased permeability of FSR membranes, which accords with the higher rate of Ca++ release from FSR at temperatures over 30°C, and the penetration of microsomal membranes by anions is markedly influenced by charge effects.
Abstract: Fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) membranes isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle are impermeable to inulin-14C (mol wt 5,000), and dextran-14C (mol wt 15,000–90,000) at pH 7.0–9.0, yielding an excluded space of 4–5 µl/mg microsomal protein. In the same pH range urea and sucrose readily penetrate the FSR membrane. EDTA or EGTA (1 mM) increased the permeability of microsomes to inulin-14C or dextran-14C at pH 8–9, parallel with the lowering of the FSR-bound Ca++ content from initial levels of 20 nmoles/mg protein to 1–3 nmoles/mg protein. EGTA was as effective as EDTA, although causing little change in the Mg++ content of FSR. The permeability increase caused by chelating agents results from the combined effects of high pH and cation depletion. As inulin began to penetrate the membrane there was an abrupt fall in the rate of Ca++ uptake and a simultaneous rise in ATPase activity. At 40°C inulin penetration occurred at pH 7.0 with 1 mM EDTA and at pH 9.0 without EDTA, suggesting increased permeability of FSR membranes. This accords with the higher rate of Ca++ release from FSR at temperatures over 30°C. The penetration of microsomal membranes by anions is markedly influenced by charge effects. At low ionic strength and alkaline pH acetate and Cl are partially excluded from microsomes when applied in concentrations not exceeding 1 mM, presumably due to the Donnan effect. Penetration of microsomal water space by acetate and Cl occurs at ionic strengths sufficiently high to minimize charge repulsions.
268 citations
TL;DR: Renal venous blood and renal medullary tissue were extracted for acidic lipids and assayed for prostate prostaglandins (PCs) like substances as mentioned in this paper, which indicated that they are predominantly a mixture of PGE2 and PGF2α.
Abstract: Renal prostaglandins (PCs) might mediate an antihypertensive function of the kidney. The blood-superfused organ technique possesses the sensitivity (threshold < 0.4 ng/ml blood) and specificity required for identification of PGs in blood. Induction of unilateral renal ischemia in 14 chloraloseanesthetized dogs reduced renal blood flows from a mean value of 257 to 109 ml/min on the ischemic side and from 250 to 209 ml/min on the contralateral side. Concomitantly, PG-like substances were detected by assay organs in the venous blood of ischemic (13 experiments) and contralateral (11 experiments) kidneys. In one experiment, in a spontaneously hypertensive dog, PGs were not detected during renal ischemia.
Renal venous blood and renal medullary tissue were extracted for acidic lipids and assayed for PG-like substances. Extracts of venous blood collected during renal ischemia and extracts of renal medulla yielded substances with biological activity indistinguishable from PG-like substances or PG standards. Chromatographic characterization of PG-like substances suggests that they are predominantly a mixture of PGE2 and PGF2α.
223 citations
183 citations
TL;DR: Insulin treatment of diabetic rats restores glycogen synthet enzyme activation which suggests a direct hormone effect on the synthetase-activating enzyme.
161 citations
TL;DR: The bioassay method of Vane2, the super-fused blood-bathed organ technique, is adapted for the detection of prostaglandins in renal venous blood in response to infusions of arigioteiisin II or noradrenaline into the renal artery.
Abstract: WE describe here the release from the kidney by angiotensin II and noradrenaline of substances which have the properties of prostaglandins. This observation may help to account for the antihypertensive function of the kidney first suggested by Fasciolo1, who demonstrated that removal of the kidney contralateral to an ischaemic kidney produced sustained hypertension in dogs. We have adapted the bioassay method of Vane2, the super-fused blood-bathed organ technique, for the detection of prostaglandins in renal venous blood in response to infusions of arigioteiisin II or noradrenaline into the renal artery.
137 citations
TL;DR: Evidence was obtained that liver and heart of rats fed radioactive vitamin K without warfarin contained a small percentage of the oxide, and more than 50% of the radioactivity normally found as phylloquinone was recovered as the oxide if the rats were given the anticoagulant drug.
123 citations
110 citations
106 citations
TL;DR: Viral RNA is the template for the DNA polymerase of the sarcoma-leukaemia viruses: a “natural” RNA-DNA hybrid is formed by annealing viral RNA with the DNA product of theDNA polymerase reaction.
Abstract: Viral RNA is the template for the DNA polymerase of the sarcoma-leukaemia viruses: a “natural” RNA-DNA hybrid is formed by the viral DNA polymerase, and a “synthetic” RNA-DNA hybrid is formed by annealing viral RNA with the DNA product of the DNA polymerase reaction.
95 citations
TL;DR: Haarscheiben of human abdominal skin have been studied electron microscopically and found to be similar in structure to those of other mammals, with prominent Merkel cell-neurite complexes at the dermal-epidermal junction.
93 citations
TL;DR: These studies have clarified the pathophysiology of endotoxin shock in the primate to some degree, suggesting that selective vasospasm, intravascular coagulation, and reduced myocardial response all play a part.
TL;DR: D-penicillamine was administered to 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and there was no consistent alteration in immunoglobulins A, G or M or in lymphocyte transformation attributable to penicillamines.
Abstract: D-penicillamine was administered to 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A fall in the titer of rheumatoid factor was demonstrated in all patients. The sedimentation rate decreased in most patients. There was no consistent alteration in immunoglobulins A, G or M or in lymphocyte transformation attributable to penicillamine. Ceruloplasmin serum levels were lowered significantly in 7 patients. Clinical improvement in the arthritis resulted in 10 patients.
TL;DR: It is considered that phylloquinone oxide, because of structural similarity, may be an inhibitor of phyllaquinone and that warfarin exerts its anticoagulant effect by causing accumulation of the oxide.
TL;DR: One patient died of sepsis following operation for a perforation caused by an irrigating catheter after colostomies established in 296 patients.
Abstract: In a series of 307 colostomies established in 296 patients, there were complications in 53 patients (16 per cent), of whom 41 had reoperations to correct the complications. One patient died of sepsis following operation for a perforation caused by an irrigating catheter.
TL;DR: The chemical structures, general pathways of catabolism and the biosynthesis of bacterial, nonisoprenoid hydrocarbons are reviewed with emphasis on recent work on the chemistry and biosynthetic of the hydrocarols ofSarcina lutea.
Abstract: The chemical structures, general pathways of catabolism and the biosynthesis of bacterial, nonisoprenoid hydrocarbons are reviewed with emphasis on recent work on the chemistry and biosynthesis of the hydrocarbons ofSarcina lutea.
TL;DR: Synthesis of 18 S and 28 S ribosomal RNA decreases in KB cells infected with adenovirus type 2 and hybridization studies of the RNA labeled 19 hours after infection indicate that ribOSomal RNA and viral mRNA continue to enter the ribosome fractions at a constant ratio.
TL;DR: The largest earthquake to occur in the central Mississippi seismic region this century took place in south central Illinois on November 9, 1968 as mentioned in this paper, and the hypocenter and origin time based on observations from twelve regional stations varying in epicentral distance from 171 to 549 km, are 37.95°N, 88.48°W, h = 25 km, 0 = 17 h 01 m 42.2 s.
Abstract: The largest earthquake to occur in the central Mississippi seismic region this century took place in south central Illinois on November 9, 1968. The hypocenter and origin time based on observations from twelve regional stations varying in epicentral distance from 171 to 549 km, are 37.95°N, 88.48°W, h = 25 km, 0 = 17 h 01 m 42.0 s ± 0.2 s . Travel times of P at stations distant less than 2600 km indicate regional mantle variations, corresponding to rays bottoming at depths down to 650 km. Beyond this point travel times show a much smaller dependence, if any, on region. For stations in the central United States P times may be fitted by two straight line branches which intersect at about 600 km. The first branch corresponds to P n , the second to rays refracted from a surface at depth 97 km with a velocity below it of 8.37 km/sec. At larger distances (48°-100°) there are non-azimuth dependent residuals with respect to the Herrin Tables averaging about −1.5 sec, indicating a source-region correction with respect to these tables. Body wave magnitude was determined to be m b = 5.54 ± 0.44 for stations for which Δ > 25°, and m b = 5.44 ± 0.29, using Evernden9s formula, for P n in eastern North America. Surface waves give a value M s = 5.2. The fault plane solution determines two nodal planes each striking approximately north-south and dipping 45° to the east and to the west, respectively. This corresponds to dip slip, reverse motion, and to a horizontal east-west axis of compressional stress. While there are no mapped faults in the immediate epicentral region, the motion indicated is in conformity to that along the Wabash Valley Fault System 10 miles to the east.
TL;DR: A 9-year-old child who fulfills all of the clinical and laboratory criteria of this syndrome is studied, believed to be the first patient in the pediatric age range reported in this country.
TL;DR: The validity of values obtained by the assay has been confirmed by the demonstration that the measured activity is a linear function of time and enzyme concentration for pancreatic and adipose tissue lipases and that the values obtained agree with those determined by an independent titrimetric procedure.
TL;DR: The designation “idiopathic arterial calcification” appears to be misleading, and the condition should be called “occlusive infantile arteriopathy” until its origin can be definitely established.
Abstract: An autopsy case of idiopathic arterial disease in an infant was studied in detail. Pathologic features included intimal fibrous proliferation in elastic and muscular arteries, elastic tissue degeneration and scant calcification, and focal round cell infiltration at the junction of intima and media in arteries with intimal proliferation. These changes were widespread but patchy or segmental in distribution. They were associated with evidence of vascular insufficiency in several organs and with the presence of thrombi in many affected arteries. Intimai proliferation appeared to be quantitatively and physiologically the most critical of the pathologic changes. The case is believed to represent an example of so-called idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy. Review of the literature and consideration of this case suggest 2 possibilities: (1) calcification has been overemphasized as a feature of this condition, since it represents only a secondary (and often insignificant) phenomenon, with the intimal proliferation being the fundamental pathologic alteration; or (2) descriptions of this condition include 2 diseases, 1 characterized principally by vascular calcification, and the other by intimal proliferation. It is suggested that the former hypothesis is more tenable. The designation “idiopathic arterial calcification” appears to be misleading, and the condition should be called “occlusive infantile arteriopathy” until its origin can be definitely established.
TL;DR: In this article, word associations to 40 homographic stimuli were scored in terms of the semantic features serving as S's apparent functional stimulus, and hierarchies related to the separate sets of features of homographs were determined.
TL;DR: The change in calcium binding to reticulum occurred in association with the onset of contractile failure, whereas changes in calcium uptake in the presence of oxalate were delayed and probably represent irreversible disorganization of the intracellular membranes.
Abstract: The isolated rat heart perfused without substrate provides a good model in which to study biochemical changes in the failing myocardium. In this preparation, there is a decline in the ability of both the mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum to accumulate calcium in the absence of oxalate after 30 minutes of perfusion. Calcium binding by mitochondria fell from control levels of 47 ± 8 mµmoles/mg protein to 17.5 ± 4.9 mµmoles/mg protein and that by microsomes from 29.8 ± 5.1 mµmoles/mg protein to 15.2 ± 4.8 mµmoles/mg protein. This drop coincided with die start of the decline in myocardial contractility. The calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the presence of oxalate decreased from control levels of 534.1 ± 32.0 to 160.5 ± 27.2 mµmoles/mg protein after 2 hours of perfusion, at which time the myocardial contractility had dropped to below 10% of control levels. This change in the calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum is associated with an increase in its ATPase activity from 1.91 ± 0.21 to 3.00 ± 0.31 µmoles P 1 /mg protein/min over 2 hours of perfusion without substrate. This suggests that there is an uncoupling of the microsomal ATP-dependent calcium pump in these late stages of heart failure due to substrate lack. The change in calcium binding to reticulum occurred in association with the onset of contractile failure, whereas changes in calcium uptake in the presence of oxalate were delayed and probably represent irreversible disorganization of the intracellular membranes.
TL;DR: The presence of an aminoacyl group at the 3′(2′) terminus of tRNA decreased the rate of hydrolysis of the terminal AMP by a factor of 5 and differences of the release of aminoacyL-O-AMP were seen for five different aminoACYl-tRNA's tested.
TL;DR: Kerosene was injected directly into the stomachs of pups which had previously had transections of their esophagi, and histologic examination after death revealed a suggestion of edema in 5 of the 7 dogs given kerosene.
TL;DR: The phosphoinositides have presented difficulties that are unique, particularly with respect to the extraction of the polyphosphoinositide; however, the major problems now appear to have been solved.
Abstract: The quantitative assay of any lipid in a tissue involves two major problems. First, the lipid must be extracted completely without loss and second, a suitable method for the determination of the lipid in the extract must be devised. The phosphoinositides have presented difficulties that are unique, particularly with respect to the extraction of the polyphosphoinositides; however, the major problems now appear to have been solved. It is hoped that future studies in this area will be helped by a review of the solutions to these problems.
TL;DR: Persistent blanching in and around the cutaneous metastases of a neuroblastoma was observed in a newborn infant girl, suggesting that this phenomenon may be a useful diagnostic sign characteristic of the skin metastasis of neuroblastomas.
TL;DR: Oral administration of large amounts of glutamic acid to adult humans and animals in a formula diet appeared to cause no clinical pathological changes.
Abstract: Oral administration of large amounts of glutamic acid to adult humans and animals in a formula diet appeared to cause no clinical pathological changes. The only biochemically demonstrable effect was a decrease in serum cholesterol and associated beta lipoproteins.
TL;DR: Characterization of the antibodies in this study reveals the ability of the skin-sensitizing antibody to passively transfer systemic sensitivity to the monkey and the classification of the precipitating antibody as an IgG immunoglobulin.
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined developmental trends in long-term retention within the rubric of contemporary verbal learning theory and employed a revision of the conventional rote-conditioning model of classical verbal learning.
Abstract: Developmental trends in long-term retention were examined within the rubric of contemporary verbal learning theory. The model employed was a revision of the conventional rote-conditioning model of classical verbal learning. The revised model emphasized generalized habits mediating such processes as a selector mechanism, stimulus selection, and mnemonic devices for associative learning. Special attention was given to hypotheses, and the related empirical evidence, regarding developmental trends across the age continuum in retroactive and proactive inhibition. The source for these hypotheses was interference theory as approached from the viewpoint of the revised model. In addition, a brief summary of the relevance of recognition learning models to retention-development relationships was given