Showing papers by "Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services published in 2006"
TL;DR: In this article, a GC-MS analysis of essential oils of Iranian Mentha piperita and Myrtus communis extracted by hydrodistillation lead to identification of 26 and 32 compounds, respectively.
270 citations
Tehran University of Medical Sciences1, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services2, Iran University of Medical Sciences3, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences5, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences6, Babol University of Medical Sciences7, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences8, Semnan University9
TL;DR: This study was accomplished in order to determine the frequency of consanguineous marriages in the families of patients with primary Immunodeficiency Disorders.
Abstract: PROBLEM:Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders (PiD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders, with different modes of inheritance. This study was accomplished in order to determine the frequency of consanguineous marriages in the families of patients with PiD.
METHOD:In this study, the records 515 Iranian PiD patients were reviewed during a 25-year period.
RESULTS:The mean proportion of consanguineous marriages was 65.6% among PiD patients, while the overall rate was 38.6% in the country. The rate of consanguinity was 77.8% in cellular immunodeficiencies, 75.8% in combined immunodeficiencies, 72.5% in defects of phagocytic function, 58.6% in other immunodefiiencies, 54.1% in predominantly antibody deficiencies, and 50% in complement deficiencies. Moreover all patients with immunodeficiency associated with other diseases had consanguineous parents. Such marriages were most common in the parents of patients with Chediak-Higashi syndrome, severe combined immunodeficiencies, primary CD4 deficiency, ataxia-telangiectasia, selective IgG class deficiencies, chronic granulomatous disease, and Schwachman syndrome.
CONCLUSIONS:It is important to inform the general population about the dangers of consanguinity, which is very common in some areas such as Iran. Premarital examination to avoid genetic diseases could be suggested, especially in a community where the rate of consanguineous marriage is high.
112 citations
TL;DR: Molecular analysis of the ITS1 region of rDNA derived from human, sheep and camel isolates were in agreement with the morphological findings and based on the PCR-RFLP method, the sheep and human isolates appeared to pertain to the same genotype and the camel isolate were appeared toPertain to a different genotype.
108 citations
TL;DR: From April to October 2004, 241 samples of chicken and beef meat for sale in retail outlets in Tehran (Iran) were analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter, and resistance to nalidixic acid was the most common finding, followed by resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and gentamicin.
92 citations
TL;DR: The prevalence of late complications of circumcision in elementary-school boys aged 6–12 years in 2002 and the suggested that circumcision should only be performed in medical institutions by suitably trained specialists were suggested.
Abstract: Today, circumcision is the most commonly performed surgical procedure worldwide. Early and late complications may occur due to circumcision. To find the prevalence of late complications of circumcision, we studied 3,205 elementary-school boys aged 6–12 years in 2002. All of them were Iranian and Muslim. Nearly 3,125 of the boys have been circumcised. Most of the boys (2,214 boys) had been circumcised after 2 years of age. Moreover, most of them were operated by traditional circumcisers (43.49%). Late complications (7.39%) were reported in 231 boys. Excessive residual foreskin was seen in 113 children (3.6%). Excessive removal of skin was detected in 42 boys (1.3%), meatal stenosis in 29 boys (0.9%), granoloma in 22 boys (0.7%), penile rotation in 17 boys (0.5%), and 8 boys had secondary chordee (0.2%). The complication rate was not different between the neonatal circumcision and older groups. We suggested that circumcision should only be performed in medical institutions by suitably trained specialists.
87 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that insulin may have a dose-dependent effect on spatial learning and memory, which were impaired with lower dose of insulin, had not changed with intermediate doses, while they improved with higher doses.
81 citations
TL;DR: Data indicate that incorporating vitamin C in multiple emulsions significantly increased its stability possibly attributed to the formation of reverse micelles of surfactants (and/or co-surfactants), which entrapped vitamin C inside the micells surrounded by hydrophilic heads of surfACTant.
Abstract: Multiple phase emulsions are increasingly used as alternatives to simple emulsions in personal care products. One of the major advantages of these emulsions over simple emulsions is slow and controlled release of their ingredients. Other favorite cosmetic characteristics of multiple emulsions include occlusivity (in O/W/O emulsions), esthetics and consumer acceptance. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) has been widely used in formulations of skin care products. Due to its effects on collagen biosynthesis, it is considered as moisturizing and anti-aging active ingredient. Instability problems such as oxidation susceptibility have made incorporating vitamin C in topical formulations a challenging issue. The O/W/O emulsions have been formulated using two-step procedure, to investigate vitamin C stability and its release profile. By using different surfactant types and ratios, volume ratio of phases, multiple emulsions containing vitamin C were prepared. Different parameters and formulation factors such as temperature of phases, duration and speed of mixing were evaluated. Based on our results, more stable emulsions were prepared from non-ionic siliconized surfactants, sorbitan derivatives and co-surfactants such as polyglyceryl derivatives. Physical stability was determined by microscopic examination, centrifugation and incubating emulsions in different temperatures. Vitamin C in vitro release studies from O/W and O/W/O emulsions were conducted using Franz diffusion cell (at room temperature) and UV spectrophotometry. The results showed that in the first four-hour period, about 14% of vitamin C released from O/W/O emulsions. It appears that in multiple emulsions the profile of release follows zero-order kinetics. Our data indicate that incorporating vitamin C in multiple emulsions significantly increased its stability possibly attributed to the formation of reverse micelles of surfactants (and/or co-surfactants), which entrapped vitamin C inside the micelles surrounded by hydrophilic heads of surfactant. Moreover, vitamin C was released from multiple emulsions in a zero order slow and controlled release manner.
80 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Evaluating the antibacterial resistance of urinary pathogens at Mofid Children's Hospital between March 2000 and August 2001 shows that there is considerable geographic variation in bacterial patterns of sensitivity and resistance properties.
Abstract: SUMMARY: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common diseases in children. Early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment can significantly decrease late serious complications. Knowledge of the sensitivity and resistance pattern of uropathogens in specific geographical locations is an important factor for choosing suitable antibacterial treatment. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the antibacterial resistance of urinary pathogens at Mofid Children’s Hospital between March 2000 and August 2001. Positive urine cultures from 1,177 children aged less than 12 years (mean age, 31.7 months; female to male ratio, 2:1) were studied. Cultures were performed on urine samples obtained by sterile urine bags in infants and midstream urine in older children; if samples were contaminated then a suprapubic sample was taken in infants. Sensitivity was measured by the disc diffusion method using the NCCLS protocol. The most prevalent urinary pathogen was Escherichia coli (666 cases, 56.6%). Overall, the lowest resistance rate of microorganisms was that against ciprofloxacin (6.7%) and the highest resistance rate was that against penicillin (83%). A comparison of these data with those of other countries shows that there is considerable geographic variation in bacterial patterns of sensitivity and resistance properties. Therefore, the selection of antibiotics for empiric therapy should be based on the sensitivity and resistance pattern of uropathogens in the respective city.
78 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that the experimental CEM cement exhibited similar sealing property as commercial types of MTA and MTAs.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare the sealability of three different commercial types of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium enrichment mixture (CEM) cement as an experimental root-end filling material. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six single rooted teeth were cleaned, shaped, and obturated. The apical 3 mm of each root was resected and root-end cavities with 3 mm depth were prepared. The samples were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups comprised of 10 roots each. The cavities were filled with CEM cement and MTAs. Six roots were used as positive and negative controls. Samples were prepared and then immersed in 1% methylene blue dye for 3 days. Roots were split longitudinally and examined under stereomicroscope. RESULTS: Positive and negative controls responded as expected. CEM cement showed the least mean dye penetration value. ANOVA revealed no statistically significant differences among experimental groups. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the experimental CEM cement exhibited similar sealing property as commercial types of MTA.
76 citations
TL;DR: X-ray analysis reveals similar major peaks but those of the minor elements aluminium, magnesium and particularly iron are considerably less in WMTA, which may account for the colour difference.
Abstract: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is used in endodontics as a filling and sealant material. An earlier commercial formulation Grey MTA (GMTA) was liable to became progressively discoloured, and a whiter version (WMTA) has been introduced for cosmetic reasons. This study compares the composition and particle size distribution of the two formulations using energy dispersive X-ray analysis in a scanning electron microscope. Particle size is smaller in WMTA. X-ray analysis reveals similar major peaks (calcium, silicon and bismuth) but those of the minor elements aluminium, magnesium and particularly iron are considerably less in WMTA, which may account for the colour difference. Neither contains phosphorus, a major constituent of the original formulation.
75 citations
TL;DR: E. amoenum aqueous extract may have some antidepressant activity in patients with mild to moderate major depressive disorder, and showed a significant superiority over placebo in reducing depressive symptoms in week 4.
Abstract: Background Based on a traditional belief, Echium amoenum (Boraginaceae) dried flowers are used in Iran as an anxiolytic remedy and also as a mood enhancer. In this study, efficacy of an aqueous extract of E. amoenum in patients with mild to moderate major depressive disorder (a score ≥ 18 on the Hamilton depression rating scale) was evaluated. Methods 35 patients were randomly assigned to receive daily either placebo or 375 mg of E. amoenum aqueous extract in a 6-week double blind, parallel-group trial. Patients were assessed in weeks 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D 17 ), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A 14 ), and a score sheet on adverse effects. Results In week 4, the extract showed a significant superiority over placebo in reducing depressive symptoms. The effect on anxiety was not significant. Headache, somnolence, vomiting, dry mouth, constipation and blurred vision are the most commonly reported side effects. However, with regards to these side effects, no significant difference between placebo and drug treated groups was observed. Limitations This study is performed with a small sample size, only with one dose and for 6 weeks. Conclusion E. amoenum aqueous extract may have some antidepressant activity.
TL;DR: In this paper, the free radical scavenging activity and total flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of six Iranian Achillea species (A. micrantha. Lam, A. tenuifolia. Trin and A. wilhelmsii) were evaluated and determined using the colorimetric technique by AlCl3 reagent.
Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate and determine the free radical scavenging activity and total flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of six Iranian Achillea. species (A. micrantha. Willd Asteraceae, A. filipendula. Lam., A. millefolium. L., A. tenuifolia. Lam., A. vermicularis. Trin and A. wilhelmsii. C. Koch.) (Asteraceae) and investigate the possible composition-activity relationship. The free radical scavenging activity of the extracts was characterized by the DPPH scavenging test. The total flavonoid content of the extracts was determined using the colorimetric technique by AlCl3 reagent. Two of six extracts [A. micrantha. (IC50 = 32.92 µg/ml) and A. millefolium. (IC50 = 49.43 µg/ml)] revealed a suitable free radical scavenging activity. The strongest activity was found for A. micrantha. (IC50 = 32.92 µg/ml), whereas the activity of A. wilhelmsii. (IC50 = 118.90 µg/ml) was significantly lower than the others. On the other hand, the extracts of A. vermicularis. (58.17 µg/mg) and A. wilhelm...
TL;DR: IL-6 amount of the serum and tumoral tissue in the patients with colorectal cancer correlate significantly with the staging of the tumor and with each other.
TL;DR: It is indicated that all three light sources tested have similar effects on hair removal and in Iranian patients, using lower wavelengths minimizes the side effects.
Abstract: Unwanted hairs are a common problem in which different light sources were developed as the treatment of choice. Alexandrite laser, diode laser, and intense pulsed light (IPL) were clinically used for this purpose with long-term scarce comparative results. The objective of the study was to compare the clinical efficacy, complications, and long-term hair reduction of alexandrite laser, diode laser, and IPL. Clinical trials on 232 persons using diode, alexandrite, laser and IPL were conducted. The number of sessions to reach optimal result varied between 3 and 7. Then the side effects were evaluated. Six months after the last session, optimal hair reduction was observed with no significant differences between the light sources, but a hair reduction was found to be higher using the diode laser. Side effects were observed with all light sources but more frequently with diode. Our findings indicate that all three light sources tested have similar effects on hair removal and in Iranian patients, using lower wavelengths minimizes the side effects.
TL;DR: The high occurrence of visible plaque and rather high ECC prevalence call for improvement in oral health promotion programs of the children.
Abstract: The association between plaque and caries in older children and adults has been poor, however, some studies show that there may be a relationship in younger children. The aim was to study the relationships between dental caries and dental plaque among 12-36-month-olds in Tehran, Iran. A cross-sectional study among a stratified random sample of 504 children aged one to three years from 18 public health centres in Tehran. Mothers were interviewed about their child's date and order of birth, gender, primary caregiver, the mother's age and the educational level of both parents. Dental examination was carried out according to the WHO criteria. Early childhood caries (ECC) was defined as the presence of any dmf teeth. Dental plaque was visually inspected on the labial surfaces of upper central incisors. Data analysis included Chi-square test, t -test, anova and logistic regression modelling. The prevalence of ECC ranged from 3 to 33% depending on age group, with a mean dt of 1.1 for 26- to 36-month-olds. No gender-differences existed in ECC prevalence and mean dt. Dental plaque was visible on at least one index tooth for 65-75% of the children. Presence of ECC was related to the presence of dental plaque (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.0-2.3) when controlling for background factors by means of logistic regression. The high occurrence of visible plaque and rather high ECC prevalence call for improvement in oral health promotion programs of the children.
TL;DR: Laroscopic pyelopyelostomy for Retrocaval ureter without excision of the retrocaval segment is associated with an excellent outcome, minimal postoperative morbidity, short hospital stay and highly satisfactory cosmetic results.
TL;DR: Dentinal bridge formation as the most characteristic reaction was resulted from SEM observation in all examined groups, and it appears that CEM has the potential to be used as a direct pulp capping material during vital pulp therapy.
Abstract: Introduction: This investigation evaluates the effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium hydroxide (CH) and calcium enriched mixture (CEM) as pulp capping materials on dental pulp tissues.
Materials and Methods: The experimental procedures were performed on eighteen intact dog canine teeth. The pulps were exposed. Cavities were randomly filled with CEM, MTA, or CH followed by glass ionomer filling. After 2 months, animals were sacrificed, each tooth was sectioned into halves, and the interface between each capping material and pulp tissue was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) in profile view of the specimens.
Results: Dentinal bridge formation as the most characteristic reaction was resulted from SEM observation in all examined groups. Odontoblast-like cells were formed and create dens collagen network, which was calcified gradually by deposition of calcosphirit structures to form newly dentinal bridge.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this in vivo study, it was concluded that these test materials are able to produce calcified tissue in underlying pulp in the case of being used as a pulp capping agent. Additionally, it appears that CEM has the potential to be used as a direct pulp capping material during vital pulp therapy.
TL;DR: Vitamin D deficiency developed in rapid growth period of girls without clear clinical rickets in sunny temperate climate city in Iran which vitamin D supplementation improved biochemical findings better than sunlight exposure.
Abstract: Objective: To study daily intake of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D, to determine the biochemical findings of rickets and the effect of sunlight exposure and vitamin D supplemention in school girls with hypovitaminosis D.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on school girls aged 11-15 years selected randomly from various areas of Tehran, Iran. Dietary information and amount of sunlight exposure were estimated by a 7 day recalling method using self-reported questionnaire. Hypovitaminosis D defined as low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration with two or more others abnormal biochemical findings. Girls with hypovitaminoses D were randomly divided into two groups. The faces and hands of girls in group 1 were exposed to sunlight for one hour per day for twenty days, while those in group 2 were administered vitamin D capsules, 50,000 IU per day for the same period.Results: four-hundred fourteen girls evaluated, mean daily calcium intake, sunlight exposure and vitamin D acquirement were 360 mg, 10 minutes and 119 IU, respectively. Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 30 ng/ml among all girls whereas in 15 (3.63%) of 414 girls was 7.8 ng/ml. Abnormal biochemical findings in these girls included hypocalcemia (n=4), hypophosphatemia (n=5), raised serum alkaline phosphatase (n=13), and parathyroid hormone (n=15). After intervention, mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in sunlight exposure (n=8) and vitamin D (n=7) supplementation increased to 14.4±4 ng/ml and 23±4 ng/ml respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency developed in rapid growth period of girls without clear clinical rickets in sunny temperate climate city in Iran which vitamin D supplemention improved biochemical findings better than sunlight exposure. J. Med. Invest. 53: 204-208, August, 2006
TL;DR: It appears that WMTA has the potential to be used as a direct pulp capping material during vital pulp therapy.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to observe the basic morphology and determine the chemical composition of neodentinal bridges adjacent white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) when used as a direct pulp capping material. The experimental procedures were performed on six intact dogs' teeth. The pulps were exposed and cavities were filled with WMTA. After 2 weeks, neodentinal bridge formation was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) of cross-sections of the specimens and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of the pulpal surfaces. Results of SEM observation showed that the most characteristic reaction of pulp cells was the intimate connection of cell processes and secreted extracellular fibres with the crystals of the pulp capping material. Results of EPMA indicated that the mineralisation of neodentinal bridge formation occurred progressively from the periphery to the central area. Based on these results, it appears that WMTA has the potential to be used as a direct pulp capping material during vital pulp therapy.
TL;DR: Postkeratoplasty astigmatism and BCVA are comparable with the 3 common suturing techniques (IR, SR, and CIR) in patients with keratoconus, provided that regular postoperative examinations and topography-guided suture adjustment and/or removal are performed.
Abstract: PURPOSE To compare the effect of 3 common suturing techniques on postkeratoplasty astigmatism and final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients with keratoconus. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 103 eyes of 103 patients with advanced keratoconus, who were contact lens intolerant, or with contact lens-corrected visual acuity less than 20/80, underwent penetrating keratoplasty with 3 suturing techniques: interrupted (IR), single running (SR), and combined interrupted and running (CIR). Postkeratoplasty astigmatism and BCVA were evaluated during regular examinations 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and 2 months after complete suture removal. Suture adjustment and selective suture removal were performed 2 to 6 weeks and after 3 months in eyes with more than 4 D of corneal astigmatism in the SR and IR/CIR groups, respectively. RESULTS Of 87 patients who completed follow-up, 26 eyes underwent PK with interrupted suturing technique (IR), 26 eyes had single running sutures (SR), and in 35 eyes, the suturing technique was combined (interrupted + running sutures; CIR). Mean age was 27.2 +/- 8.4, 28.9 +/- 8.7, and 30.3 +/- 8.7 years, and postoperative astigmatism 1.5 months after surgery was 3.77 +/- 1.68, 5.48 +/- 2.09, and 4.10 +/- 1.79 D in the 3 groups, respectively (P = 0.015). However, 2 months after complete suture removal, final postoperative astigmatism was 3.83 +/- 1.65, 3.37 +/- 1.9, and 3.88 +/- 2.79 D (P = 0.851) and BCVA (log MAR) was 0.08 +/- 0.14, 0.13 +/- 0.23, and 0.09 +/- 0.16, respectively (P = 0.53). Immunologic endothelial rejection reactions were seen in 5 eyes (19.2%) in the IR group, 3 eyes (11.72%) in the SR group, and 6 eyes (17.64%) in the CIR group (P = 0.44). There was no case of graft failure during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION Postkeratoplasty astigmatism and BCVA are comparable with the 3 common suturing techniques (IR, SR, and CIR) in patients with keratoconus, provided that regular postoperative examinations and topography-guided suture adjustment and/or removal are performed.
TL;DR: Treatment with interferon beta-1a is well tolerated for a long period of time and may be effective in substandard doses in early onset multiple sclerosis.
Abstract: Background: Patients with early onset multiple sclerosis may develop disability at a younger age than adults. There are several reports about safety of beta interferons in childhood and juvenile MS with different doses. Objectives: To determine safety and efficacy of substandard dose of intramuscular interferon beta-1a in a prospective randomized trial in patients with multiple sclerosis under the age of 16. Methods: Sixteen patients were divided into two groups randomly. The first group was treated with intramuscular interferon beta-la 15 micrograms once a week and the second group received no disease-modifying therapy. Results: The patients were followed for four years. There was no significant side effect and none of the treated patients discontinued the drug. There were significant differences between two groups regarding relapse rates (p=0.04), disability progression (p = 0.01), and new T2 lesions (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Treatment with interferon beta-la is well tolerated for a long period of time and may be effective in substandard doses in early onset multiple sclerosis.
TL;DR: The results indicate that improvement of iron status was accompanied by an improvement in some indices of thyroid hormones, and both groups did not differ for any of the four indices, but both differed significantly from the iodine and placebo groups.
Abstract: To investigate whether iron supplementation can improve thyroid hormone function in iron-deficient adolescent girls A double-blind randomized intervention study The study was performed from 2002 through 2003 in the Islamic Republic of Iran 103 iron-deficient non-anaemic girls who fulfilled all inclusion criteria were included, and 94 subjects successfully completed the study Patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups and treated with a single oral dose of 190 mg iodine plus 300 mg ferrous sulphate 5 times/week (n=24), 300 mg ferrous sulphate 5 times/week (n=23), a single oral dose of 190 mg iodine (n=25), or a placebo (n=22) for 12 weeks All groups were comparable at baseline After the intervention, there was a significant increase in ferritin and transferrin saturation in the iron+iodine group (176 vs 87 μg/dl, and 188 vs 72%, respectively, P<0001 for both) and in the iron group (P<0001 for both) Urinary iodine doubled in the iron+iodine group and in the iodine group (P<0001 for both) Thyroid indices tT4, tT3 and T3RU increased and reverse RT3 decreased in the iron+iodine group (10 vs 89 μg/dl, P< 0001; 143 vs 138 μg/dl, P<005; 323 vs 284%, P<0001 and 248 vs 442 ng/dl, P<0001, respectively) and in the iron group These two groups did not differ for any of the four indices, but both differed significantly from the iodine and placebo groups Our results indicate that improvement of iron status was accompanied by an improvement in some indices of thyroid hormones This study was supported by the Dean of Research Affairs of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences
TL;DR: It could be concluded that Papaver rhoeas reduced the acquisition but not the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference.
TL;DR: Serum FSH and serum inhibin B are useful markers for evaluation of the presence of sperm in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia and inhibin B has a high specificity when combined with serum F SH and their measurements can be helpful in all patients withNonobstructives azoOSpermia before decision making for sperm retrieval.
Abstract: Introduction: Our aim was to evaluate the predictive values of factors that indicate successful sperm retrieval in men with nonobstructive azoospermia. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 85 infertile men with nonobstructive azoospermia who underwent multiple bilateral testicular biopsies. Factors including age, infertility period, surgical history, testicular volume, testicular consistency, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), serum inhibin B, serum luteinizing hormone, and serum total testosterone were assessed in relation to sperm retrieval results. Results: Spermatozoa were retrieved in 18 biopsies (21.2%). Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum inhibin B, and testicular volume were associated with the results of sperm retrieval. Men with a higher testicular volume, a higher serum inhibin B, and a lower FSH had successful sperm retrieval. The cutoff points were determined as 9.5 mL for testicular volume, 9.9 IU/L for serum FSH, and 39.8 pg/mL for serum inhibin B. These 3 factors had strong correlations with each other. The sensitivities and specificities were 88.9% and 94% for testicular volume, 97% and 83.3% for FSH, and 72.2% and 95.5% for serum inhibin B, respectively. The positive predictive value for a combination of serum FSH and inhibin B was 100%. Conclusion: Serum FSH and serum inhibin B are useful markers for evaluation of the presence of sperm in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia. Inhibin B has a high specificity when combined with serum FSH and their measurements can be helpful in all patients with nonobstructive azoospermia before decision making for sperm retrieval.
TL;DR: The single flexor carpi ulnaris tendon transfer has some advantages in terms of simplicity, shorter operation time, less morbidity and less surgical scars.
Abstract: Between 1993 and 2002, 108 patients with isolated and persisting radial nerve palsy, underwent transfer of the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon alone to extensor digitorum communis, extensor indicis proprius and extensor pollicis longus. Only patients with sufficient flexor carpi ulnaris muscle power (grade M5) underwent this procedure. Long-term functional results were reviewed at a mean postoperative follow up of 48 (range 3-120) months. In comparison with the contralateral hand, the range of extension of the wrist was less but extension of the fingers and the MCP joints were similar to that of the normal hand. All patients improved functionally and could cope with their routine activities. Most were able to return to their previous jobs. There was no obvious difference in the end result of using this single transfer from our previous results using the three tendon transfers which are commonly used to treat radial nerve palsy. The single flexor carpi ulnaris tendon transfer has some advantages in terms of simplicity, shorter operation time, less morbidity and less surgical scars.
TL;DR: In complicated retinal detachment surgery, use of 5000cs silicone oil may be associated with a poorer anatomic and visual outcome compared with 1000cs siliconeOil, however there was no difference between the two viscosities in IOP elevation.
Abstract: Background
Despite the progress in vitreoretinal surgery and the importance of silicone oil as an adjunct for the treatment of complex forms of retinal detachment, controversy still surrounds the issue of selecting the proper oil viscosity for clinical use. Herein, we evaluate the outcomes of retinal detachment (RD) surgery after removing silicone oils of different viscosities.
TL;DR: BCC in irradiated scalp has a more aggressive behavior and may need a moreaggressive surgical resection, and these patients should be under close observation because there is a higher chance for tumor recurrence and also new lesions occurring elsewhere in the scalp.
Abstract: Background Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignant neoplasm. Some patients with scalp BCC have had a history of childhood scalp radiation for the treatment of tinea capitis. It is not clear whether BCC in these cases has a more aggressive nature and requires a more aggressive resection. We performed a retrospective study to compare BCC tumor specification and treatment results between irradiated and nonirradiated patients. Materials and methods From 1995 to 2005, a total of 74 patients were diagnosed with scalp BCC. Thirty-eight patients (group A) had a history of childhood radiation to the scalp for the treatment of tinea capitis, and the other 36 (group B) did not. We compared these 2 groups in 16 different parameters, which included general information (age, sex), disease history (time interval from onset of lesion to the first office visit, number of admissions, total length of hospital stay), tumor specifications (number of primary lesions, invasion depth, histologic subtypes, location), surgical history (number of operations in our center and other hospitals, type of surgical treatment, margins of resection), recurrences, new lesions, and metastasis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 software. Results No significant difference in gender and age was observed between the 2 groups (P = 0.06 and P = 0.35, respectively). Patients in group A had a longer history of scalp lesions (P = 0.001). They also had more hospital admissions (P = 0.008) and operations (P = 0.01) in our center, with a longer period of hospitalization (P = 0.01). Mean number of primary lesions, the location of tumor, and the depth of invasion did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (P = 0.34, P = 0.78, and P = 0.73, respectively). There was no meaningful difference in safe resection margin for the first lesion between the 2 groups (P = 0.27); however, the number of recurrent lesions was significantly higher in group A (P = 0.003). Also, need for more aggressive resection and more complicated reconstruction was more in group A patients (P = 0.01 and P = 0.015, respectively). Only in group A new lesions and metastasis were found. Conclusion BCC in irradiated scalp has a more aggressive behavior and may need a more aggressive surgical resection. Also, these patients should be under close observation because there is a higher chance for tumor recurrence and also new lesions occurring elsewhere in the scalp.
TL;DR: It is concluded that HD patients must be vaccinated by ID route and addition of Levamisole, an enhancer of the immune responsiveness, in stable chronic hemodialysis patients, which significantly raised the response rate to 90% and increases antibody maintenance.
Abstract: Hemodialysis patient are at high risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Although preventive vaccination is done routinely, the response to vaccination is low in this patient population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Levamizol, an enhancer of the immune responsiveness, on different routs of vaccination, i.e., intradermal (ID) versus intramuscular (IM), in stable chronic hemodialysis patients. Forty four chronic heamodialyses patient were divided into four equal groups. The first group was received 40 μg HB vaccine intramuscularly. The second group was received 20 μg HB vaccine intradermally. The third and the fourth group received 20 μg vaccine IM or ID, respectively, in three doses plus oral Levamisole (100 mg for 12 day). After one and six months from the last dose of vaccine, HBs antibody titers were measured. The response rate to vaccine (HBs Antibody>10 μg/L) in the routine IM HB vaccination was low (60%). It increased to 70% with ID route. Levamisole significantly raised the response rate to 90% (P < 0.01). Also in the Levamisole groups protective HB antibody titers were maintained until the end of six months. We conclude that HD patients must be vaccinated by ID route and addition of Levamisole. Levamisole also increases antibody maintenance.
TL;DR: A strong association was found between high parental education and restorations in primary teeth (p< 0.001), but only a trend for restorATIONS in permanent teeth.
Abstract: Amis: This was to investigate the association between parents’ educational level and oral health of Iranian primary school children. Methods: Data came from the voluntary clinical examination in 2005 of a random sample of 459 third-year primary school children in the 16 schools in Tehran, together with a self-administered questionnaire regarding information on the educational level of the parents. The study used the dmft/DMFT values for dental status, and the CPI, and PI to assess periodontal condition. Statistics: One-Way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used. Results: The mean dmft value was 4.2 (SD±2.9) in boys and 3.4 (SD±2.6) in girls for the whole study group. The children of the low education parents had more dental caries than those of high education parents in both primary (p< 0.01) and in permanent teeth (p< 0.05). A strong association was found between high parental education and restorations in primary teeth (p< 0.001), but only a trend for restorations in permanent teeth. Mean number of sextants with a CPI score 0 was significantly associated with parents’ educational level (p< 0.01). Conclusion: The disparities in the oral health of children need to be considered when developing oral health promotion programmes.
TL;DR: The case of a 21-month-old boy who was referred for the surgical management of a left undescended testis, which revealed the presence of an atrophic, undeveloped testis with its own epididymis and spermatic duct, warrants the removal of a atrophic and ectopic testis.
Abstract: We report the case of a 21-month-old boy who was referred for the surgical management of a left undescended testis. A preoperative ultrasound examination was negative for supranumerary testis. Surgery revealed complete separation of the epididymis from the testis; one welldeveloped testis was found in the internal ring of the inguinal canal. A second atrophic testis was also detected in the inguinal canal and this was removed. Histological evaluation revealed the presence of an atrophic, undeveloped testis with its own epididymis and spermatic duct. The risk of malignancy in polyorchidism warrants the removal of an atrophic and ectopic testis.