Showing papers by "Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College published in 2015"

Power Quality Issues, Solutions and Standards: A Technology Review

Abstract: Classically, the aim of the electric power system is to generate electrical energy and to deliver this energy to the end-user equipment at an acceptable voltage. As nonlinear loads draw harmonic and reactive power components of current from ac mains, the quality of power deteriorates. This paper presents a review of the main power quality (PQ) problems with their associated causes and solutions with codes and standards. This paper concludes with some solutions to mitigate the Power Quality problems are presented.

Understanding thermo‑fluidic characteristics of a glass tube closed loop pulsating heat pipe: flow patterns and fluid oscillations

Abstract: An experimental program has been carried out to understand the thermo-fluidic characterization of deionized (DI) water charged closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) with flow patterns and fluid oscillations. The CLPHP is examined under vertical and horizontal heating modes with varying heat power. The flow patterns along with fluid oscillations are correlated with thermal performance of the CLPHP. Further, the CLPHP with copper oxide nanofluid study is carried out to understand operational behavior of the device. Fast Fourier frequencies, average frequency of the internal fluid temperature are investigated. Several important features of CLPHP operation are identified by the visual study.

Erosive Wear Behavior of High-Alloy Cast Iron and Duplex Stainless Steel under Mining Conditions

Abstract: Centrifugal pumps used in the lignite mines encounter erosive wear problems, leading to a disastrous failure of the pump casings This paper attempts to evaluate the erosive wear resistance of Ni-Hard 4, high-chromium iron, and Cast CD4MCu duplex stainless steel (DSS), for mining conditions The prepared test coupons were subjected to an erosion test by varying the impingement velocity and the angle of impingement, under two different pH conditions of 3 and 7, which pertained to the mining conditions XRD analysis was carried out to confirm the phases present in the alloy The eroded surface was subjected to SEM analysis to identify the erosion mechanisms The surface degradation of Ni-Hard 4 and high-chromium iron came from a low-angle abrasion with a grooving and plowing mechanism at a low angle of impingement At normal impingement, deep indentations resulted in lips and crater formations, leading to degradation of the surface in a brittle manner A combined extrusion-forging mechanism is observed in the CD4MCu DSS surface at all the impingement angles

Nanocomposite coatings on cotton and silk fibers for enhanced electrical conductivity

Abstract: Electrically conducting carbon nanofillers like liquid exfoliated graphite (EG), nanographite (NG), carbon nanotube (CNT) and carbon nanofiber (CNF) were dispersed in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix. HRTEM images and SAED patterns confirmed exfoliation of graphite and good dispersion of all nanofillers. The polymer dispersions were used to develop nanocomposite coatings on cotton yarn and silk fibers. These nanocomposite coated fibers showed significant improvements in electrical conductivity. Current-voltage (IV) plots indicated linearity for most of the nanocomposite coated fibers. Among the nanofillers, CNF and CNT have strong potential to impart stable conductivity on such fibers. The electrical conductivity of 10 wt% CNF based nanocomposite coated cotton yarn was 2 S/m; while it was more than 12 S/m for silk filament. 2 wt% CNT dispersed nanocomposite coating on silk also showed very good conductivity of 11 S/m. The large void fraction in coated cotton yarn (~12 %) is attributed for such difference in electrical conductivity. Hence, staple yarns are not suitable to develop such nanocomposite coated fibers. Both the resistance and impedance tests were carried out at different test lengths up to 5 cm and resistance and impedance (at 100 Hz, 120 Hz and 1 kHz) per cm was calculated with variable test length. As variations in test results were not very high it can be concluded that the uniformity in electrical conductivity is achieved through these coatings.

A resource allocation strategy in cloud using Roulette Wheel Selection method

Abstract: In recent years cloud computing emerged as the next generation technology by offering numerous services over the internet in resource management. Resource allocation in cloud environment is a challenging task, since there is a disparity between the number of requests for the services and the number of available resources. Hence an effective mechanism is essential to evenly share the load among the available resources. A technique based on Roulette Wheel Selection method is proposed to map the virtual machines (VMs) to physical machines (PMs). The Roulette Wheel is divided into segments based on the probability of assigning VMs to a PM. Fitness values of the individual resources are computed and resource allocation is done accordingly. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated based on the utilization rate of the physical machines. The proposed method shows notable improvements when compared to the First Come First Serve (FCFS) and Stochastic Hill Climbing (SHC) algorithms.

Proactive Alleviation Procedure to Handle Black Hole Attack and Its Version.

Abstract: The world is moving towards a new realm of computing such as Internet of Things. The Internet of Things, however, envisions connecting almost all objects within the world to the Internet by recognizing them as smart objects. In doing so, the existing networks which include wired, wireless, and ad hoc networks should be utilized. Moreover, apart from other networks, the ad hoc network is full of security challenges. For instance, the MANET (mobile ad hoc network) is susceptible to various attacks in which the black hole attacks and its versions do serious damage to the entire MANET infrastructure. The severity of this attack increases, when the compromised MANET nodes work in cooperation with each other to make a cooperative black hole attack. Therefore this paper proposes an alleviation procedure which consists of timely mandate procedure, hole detection algorithm, and sensitive guard procedure to detect the maliciously behaving nodes. It has been observed that the proposed procedure is cost-effective and ensures QoS guarantee by assuring resource availability thus making the MANET appropriate for Internet of Things.

Hardware/Software Partitioning for Embedded Systems

Abstract: Current methods for designing embedded systems require specifying and designing hardware and software separately. Hardware/software partitioning is concerned with deciding which function is to be implemented in Hardware (HW) and Software (SW). This type of partitioning process is decided a priori to the design process and is adhered to as much as possible because any changes in this partition may necessitate extensive redesign. As partitioning is an NP hard problem, application of the exact methods tends to be quite slow for bigger dimensions of the problem. Heuristic/evolutionary methods have been proposed for partitioning problems. This chapter deals with multi-objective optimization of minimizing two objectives area and the execution time of the partition. To validate the efficiency of the algorithms, performance metrics are calculated. Experimental results for the HW/SW partition for mediabench and DSP benchmarks are tabulated and analyzed.

Automation in unmanned railway level crossing

Abstract: This paper deals mainly with the automation in unmanned and manned railway crossings. In recent days the accidents in railway level crossing are increasing. There are two types of level crossing Manned and Unmanned. The accidents occurring in both level crossings are very severe. Our work uses simple mechanical and electrical components to control the railway gate. The Infrared detector which is placed at a few distances away from the gate detects the train and sends the signal to the controller. From the controller the signal is send to the timer which is connected to LED display near the gate. Timer displays the time remaining for closing or opening of the gate according to the necessary situation. The power is transmitted from the controller to the motor which is connected to the L-shaped cylinder through the pinion of rack and pinion arrangement. This rotary motion of the pinion produces the linear motion of the rack. This linear motion of the rack actuates the horizontal and vertical piston one by one of the L cylinder which in turn opens or closes the gate. Thus our paper presents a highly secured and safe automated level crossing at low cost, which requires no human monitoring.

Magnetically controlled nano-composite based 3D printed cell scaffolds as targeted drug delivery systems for cancer therapy

Abstract: Scaffolds are salient materials used in tissue engineering. Nanocomposite scaffolds act as potential drug carriers in the treatment of a variety of cancer. 3D printing allows scaffolds to be contrived with custom design thus eliminating the risks of suitable pore size for bioactivity and custom designing. This paper projects the potentiality of producing 3D printed nanostructured scaffolds using graphene oxide and polymer nanocomposite (Poly-Caprolactone) that could deliver drugs to cancer cells, effectively reducing neovascularizations. We present an effective technique for remotely controlling the scaffold by magnetic field to deliver the drugs to specific cancer sites. Nanostructured graphene polymer composite act as reinforcing agents to fabricate mechanically strong biodegradable scaffolds that could carry drugs to targeted cancer cells. Graphene has the ability to improve the biological properties and its ability to promote adhesion, proliferation proves it to be an effective material for scaffold designing. 3D Printing is useful for the direct fabrication of scaffolds with tailored porosity from a CAD file. The 3D-Bioplotter System is a suitable 3D Bioprinter for scaffold fabrication. Graphic Software such as NetFab, supplied with the device, would allow easy transfer of 3D model from CAD applications to G code. G code is recorded on an SD card and the device reads the data and then creates a model of the scaffold in a relatively short time depending on its complexity.

Characterization of dimensional features of mesoscale component using capacitive sensor

Abstract: Current developments in the miniaturization field focused on fabricating smaller and precise geometric features. As the scale of features and machined parts decreases, the resolution of techniques and specifications, used to measure and quantify these parts, increases. In the present work, an attempt has been made for using a high-resolution noncontact capacitive sensor for characterization of mesoscale dimensional features. The dimensional features such as the width and depth of the channel and diameter of the hole/circular feature are measured, and the size of the feature varies from few micrometers to few millimeters. A miniaturized experimental setup has been developed using capacitive sensor and high-precision XYZ linear stage to carry out the measurement. A strategy is proposed to characterize the dimensional features, and it is formulated based on output voltage gain of the sensor while scanning the channel feature. The algorithm is proposed to estimate the position of the edge coordinates and evaluation of the width of the channel and circular feature based on the output voltage gain of the sensor. Two specimens with a channel and circular feature manufactured by using a miniaturized mesoscale machine tool are examined. The evaluated width of the channels and the diameter of the circular features are in good agreement with the results obtained from optical methods. The proposed measurement system effectively determines the dimensional characterization of mesoscale features, and measurement is limited to the width of the channel at 250 μm. Furthermore, the technique can be adopted for online and in situ monitoring and inspection of mesoscale features during machining.

Rice Husk Templated Mesoporous ZnO Nanostructures for Ethanol Sensing at Room Temperature

Abstract: Mesoporous zinc oxide nanostructures are successfully synthesized via the sol-gel route by using a rice husk as the template for ethanol sensing at room temperature. The structure and morphology of the nanostructures are characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analyses. The mechanism for the growth of zinc oxide nanostructures over the biotemplate is proposed. SEM and TEM observations also reveal the formation of spherical zinc oxide nanoparticles over the interwoven fibrous network. Multiple sized pores having pore diameter ranging from 10–40 nm is also evidenced from the pore size distribution plot. The larger surface area and porous nature of the material lead to high sensitivity (40.93% for 300 ppm of ethanol), quick response (42 s) and recovery (40 s) towards ethanol at 300 K. The porous nature of the interwoven fibre-like network affords mass transportation of ethanol vapor, which results in faster surface accessibility, and hence it acts as a potential candidate for ethanol sensing at room temperature.

Towards test suite reduction using maximal frequent data mining concept

Abstract: All the industries are going through a revolution where software has become an essential component. Software testing is important to produce more reliable systems. Over the years this testing activity has evolved into a major resource consumer and cost driver for the software industries. This invariably leads to the addressing of key issues for efficient test case selection and managing test suite size. In this paper, a data mining-based algorithm has been proposed to address the issue of test suite optimisation. This algorithm focuses on selecting maximal frequent test sets for dataflow testing with Define Use DU pairs as requirements. Experimentation has been carried out to compare the relative performance and effectiveness of the proposed test suite reduction algorithm with the state-of-the-art algorithms: Harrold Gupta and Soffa HGS and Bi-Objective Greedy BOG using test metrics.

Weak ac field-induced patterns in vertical deposition of colloids at various evaporation rates

Abstract: Pattern formation in colloids by weak ac fields in vertical deposition-like configuration at different temperatures has been studied experimentally At low evaporation (room temperature), the effect of the field leads to the evolution of a one-dimensional array of clusters along the contact line and columnar colloidal dried deposits are obtained at higher evaporation We investigate the flow dynamics involved in this pattern formation Homogeneous variation of the contact angle by electrowetting effect becomes unstable and breaks the translational symmetry at the meniscus Electrokinetic forces together with capillary forces result in the accumulation of particles for pattern formation The movement of electrically charged colloidal particles is controlled by weak ac electric field even at higher temperatures We observe the effect of increasing initial particle concentration on the behavior of the clusters for various field frequencies The average distance between clusters increase monotonically with an increase in the initial particle concentration We also observe that the average width of columns increases according to the applied field strength

Design and Implementation of Improved Electronic Load Controller for Self-Excited Induction Generator for Rural Electrification

Abstract: This paper offers an alternative technique, namely, Improved Electronic Load Controller (IELC), which is proposal to improve power quality, maintaining voltage at frequency desired level for rural electrification. The design and development of IELC are considered as microhydroenergy system. The proposed work aims to concentrate on the new schemes for rural electrification with the help of different kinds of hybrid energy systems. The objective of the proposed scheme is to maintain the speed of generation against fluctuating rural demand. The Electronic Load Controller (ELC) is used to connect and disconnect the dump load during the operation of the system, and which absorbs the load when consumer are not in active will enhance the lifestyle of the rural population and improve the living standards. Hydroelectricity is a promising option for electrification of remote villages in India. The conventional methods are not suitable to act as standalone system. Hence, the designing of a proper ELC is essential. The improved electronic load control performance tested with simulation at validated through hardware setup.

BER Performance Analysis and Comparison for Large Scale MIMO Receiver

Abstract: Objective: Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) low complexity CHEMP (Channel Hardening Exploiting Message Passing) receiver which utilizes the channel hardening in the large scale MIMO channel to reduce the complexity. Methods: The Channel Hardening refers that the off diagonal elements of HTH matrix become progressively weaker than the diagonal elements because of the channel gain matrix H size increases. It is used for detection and estimation. The proposed receiver uses Message Passing Detection (MPD) algorithm and the estimation HTH matrix. Findings: Hence, the proposed receiver gives better performance than the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and Subspace Marginalization with Interference Suppression (SUMIS) detectors since the MPD detection algorithm uses only the matrix multiplication and it does not need the matrix inversion. Improvements: The optimized Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes are used to provide the considerable improvement than LDPC cods.

Optimum control of total harmonic distortion in field programmable gate array-based cascaded multilevel inverter

Abstract: Nowadays high quality power is essential for medical, research and industrial applications to produce good quality results and analysis. In this work an attempt has been made to improve the power q...

Closed Loop Analysis of Bridgeless SEPIC Converter for Drive Application

Abstract: In this paper closed loop analysis of Single phase AC-DC Bridgeless Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC) for Power Factor Correction (PFC) rectifier is analyzed. In this topology the absence of an input diode bridge and the due to presence of two semiconductor switches in the current flowing path during each switching cycle which will results in lesser conduction losses and improved thermal management compared to the conventional converters. In this paper the operational principles, Frequency analysis, and design equations of the proposed converter are described in detail. Performance of the proposed SEPIC PFC rectifier are carried out using Matlab Simulink software and results are presented.

A Study on Risk and Return Analysis of Selected Stocks in India

Abstract: Risk and return analysis plays a key role in most individual decision making process. Every investor wants to avoid risk and maximize return. In general, risk and return go hand. If an investor wishes to earn higher returns than the investor must appreciate that this will only be achieved by accepting a commensurate increase in risk. Based on risk and return analysis, high risk gives high returns with low risk gives to low return, based on this concept in Banking and Automobile sector high risk gives low return, and in Information technology, Fast moving consumer goods, Pharmaceutical sector low risk gives high return. Alpha stock is positive and the companies are independent to market return and have a profitable return.

Dynamic resource allocation in cloud using bin-packing technique

Abstract: Cloud computing provides attractive solutions for dispatching services over the Internet With the increase of more and more Internet users, the job of allocating the resources by the cloud providers has become a challenging task In this paper, a new technique called Drip Based Resource Allocation (DBRA) is proposed for allocating cloud resources or Physical Machines (PMs) to the incoming jobs using the Bin-Packing technique In this method, the fitness function is calculated for individual incoming task and resource allocation is done accordingly This algorithm increases the overall utilization of cloud resources by handling more number of requests using less number of physical machines The performance of this algorithm is found to be efficient when compared with First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) and Round-Robin (RR) algorithms

Torque ripple minimization of Matrix Converter-fed PMSM drives using Model Predictive Torque Control

Abstract: A Model Predictive -Direct Torque Control (MP-DTC) technique is proposed for Matrix Converter (MC)-based Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive system, which reduces the torque ripples, does not need the duty cycle calculation, and ensures the fixed switching frequency. The predictive model of PMSM and MC is realized by means of State model. Then, the advanced MC-fed model predictive DTC algorithm is implemented based on cost function evaluation. The simulation results exhibit remarkable torque ripple reduction with the help of Model Predictive Control (MPC). As a result, the proposed strategy is proved to be effective in minimizing the torque ripples for MC-based PMSM drives.

Fuzzy delay model based fault simulator for crosstalk delay fault test generation in asynchronous sequential circuits

Abstract: In this paper, a fuzzy delay model based crosstalk delay fault simulator is proposed. As design trends move towards nanometer technologies, more number of new parameters affects the delay of the component. Fuzzy delay models are ideal for modelling the uncertainty found in the design and manufacturing steps. The fault simulator based on fuzzy delay detects unstable states, oscillations and non-confluence of settling states in asynchronous sequential circuits. The fuzzy delay model based fault simulator is used to validate the test patterns produced by Elitist Non-dominated sorting Genetic Algorithm (ENGA) based test generator, for detecting crosstalk delay faults in asynchronous sequential circuits. The multi-objective genetic algorithm, ENGA targets two objectives of maximizing fault coverage and minimizing number of transitions. Experimental results are tabulated for SIS benchmark circuits for three gate delay models, namely unit delay model, rise/fall delay model and fuzzy delay model. Experimental results indicate that test validation using fuzzy delay model is more accurate than unit delay model and rise/fall delay model.

Growth and physicochemical properties of second-order nonlinear optical 2-amino-5-chloropyridinium trichloroacetate single crystals

Abstract: The growth of organic nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal 2-amino-5-chloropyridinium trichloroacetate (2A5CPTCA) has been synthesized and single crystals have been grown from methanol solvent by slow evaporation technique. The grown crystals were subjected to various characterization analyses in order to find out the suitability for device fabrication. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 2A5CPTCA crystallizes in monoclinic system with the space group Cc. The grown crystal was further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis to find out the functional groups. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a research technique that exploits the magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei. The optical transparency window in the visible and near-IR (200--1100 nm) regions was found to be good for NLO applications. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis were used to study its thermal properties. The powder second harmonic generation efficiency measureme...

Novel Heterocyclic Schiff Base, (Z)-4-((2-((2-Aminophenyl)disulfanyl)phenylimino) (Phenyl)Methyl)-3-Methyl-1-Phenyl-1H-Pyrazol-5-ol Crystals for Enzymatic Studies

Abstract: Graphical Abstract A new dithio Schiff base was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic (FT-IR, UV-Vis, H1-NMR, and C13-NMR) and X-ray diffraction studies. Molecular interactions (inter and intra) between the neutral entities are discussed.Schiff base ligand, (Z)-4-((2-((2-aminophenyl)disulfanyl)phenylimino)(phenyl)methyl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol (1), was synthesized by the reaction between 2-phenyl-4-benzoyl-5-methyl-pyrazolin-3-one and 2-amino thio phenol (1:2 molar ratio). The structural elucidation was done by spectroscopic (FT-IR, UV-Vis, H1-NMR, C13-NMR) and X-ray diffraction studies. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed that 1 has monoclinic system with space group P21/c with a = 15.654 (4) A, b = 12.848 (4) A, c = 14.219 (4) A; α = 90°, β = 113.65 (6)°, γ = 90°, and Z = 4. The possible intramolecular (C-H···N) and intermolecular (C-H···O, C-H···S, N-H···O) interactions of 1 were also been discussed.

Integrated Biomedical Waste Management for Small Scale Healthcare Units in India

Abstract: Health care is necessary for the sustenance of human life and well-being. But the waste generated from medical activities can be hazardous, toxic and even lethal because of their high potential for diseases transmission. The wastes generated from the healthcare units are hazardous and can cause delirious biological effects. In India there are an estimate of 2.7 lacs small scale healthcare units (which includes nursing homes, pathological laboratories, etc.).The waste generated collectively nears 63% of the total biomedical waste generated in India (On an annual basis). Most of the small scale units, do not have many departments/divisions and the generation of waste is small and normally they do not have treatment facility for the bio-medical waste due to financial incapability. Thus most of the units dump the waste along the municipal wastes. This can cause adverse effects such as providing waste dumping sites as breeding grounds for the microorganisms contained in the wastes (Biological test sample wastes). This issue calls for a Common Integrated facility for treatment of these wastes.

Multiple Fuzzy Correlated Pattern Tree Mining with Minimum Item All-Confidence Thresholds

Abstract: Rare item problem in association rule mining was solved by assigning multiple minimum supports for each item. In the same way rare item problem in correlated pattern mining with all-confidence as interesting measure was solved by assigning multiple minimum all-confidences for each items. In this paper multiple fuzzy correlated pattern tree (MFCP tree) for correlated pattern mining using quantitative transactions is proposed by assigning multiple item all-confidence (MIAC) value for each fuzzy items. As multiple fuzzy regions of a single item are considered, time taken for generating correlated patterns also increases. Difference in Scalar cardinality count for each fuzzy region is considered in calculating MIAC for fuzzy regions. The proposed approach first constructs a multiple frequent correlated pattern tree (MFCP) using MIAC values and generates correlated patterns using MFCP mining algorithm. Each node in MFCP tree serves as a linked list that stores fuzzy items membership value and the super—itemsets membership values of the same path. The outcome of experiments shows that the MFCP mining algorithm efficiently identifies rare patterns that are hidden in multiple fuzzy frequent pattern (MFFP) tree mining technique.

Circuit Partitioning for VLSI Layout

Abstract: Partitioning is a technique to divide a circuit or system into a collection of smaller parts (components). Circuit partitioning problem is a well-known NP hard problem and requires efficient heuristic algorithms to solve it. The problem involves dividing the circuit net list into two subsets. The balanced constraint is an important constraint that obtains an area-balanced layout without compromising the min-cut objective. The number of edges belonging to two different partitions is the cut-cost of a partition. This chapter deals with multi-objective genetic algorithms for the optimization of two objectives: area imbalance and cut cost. The objective is to separate the cells into two partitions so that the number of interconnections between the partitions can be minimized and the cells are evenly distributed across the layout surface. MCNC benchmark circuits are used to validate the performance of the multi-objective evolutionary algorithms.