Steel Authority of India

About: Steel Authority of India is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Microstructure & Ultimate tensile strength. The organization has 797 authors who have published 661 publications receiving 9958 citations. The organization is also known as: SAIL.

Modelling of flow behaviour in continuous casting tundish

Abstract: One of the steel plants of Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL) is considering a proposal to increase the capacity of tundish from the present level of 17 tonne to a targeted level of 25 tonne. As a step towards designing a larger tundish, the flow profile of steel in various alternate tundish configurations considered have been characterized using a 3-D steady-state mathematical simulation under assumption of both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Apart from generation of flow profiles of steel inside the tundish, the Residence Time Distribution curves have been predicted for analysis of flow behaviour inside the tundish. Based on the above analysis, the optimum tundish configuration was chosen for further development.

Psychometric Properties of the Memory Binding Test: Test-Retest Reliability and Convergent Validity

Abstract: BACKGROUND Episodic memory testing is fundamental for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) is widely used for this purpose, it may not be sensitive enough for early detection of subtle decline in preclinical AD. The Memory Binding Test (MBT) intends to overcome this limitation. OBJECTIVES To analyze the test-retest reliability of the MBT and its convergent validity with the FCRST. METHODS 36 cognitively healthy participants of the ALFA Study, aged 45 to 65, were included for the test-retest study and 69 for the convergent analysis. They were visited twice in a period of 6 ± 2 weeks. Test-retest reliability was determined by the calculation of the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Score differences were studied by computing the mean percentage of score variation between visits and visualized by Bland-Altman plots. Convergent validity was determined by Pearson's correlations. RESULTS ICC values in the test-retest reliability analysis of the MBT direct scores ranged from 0.64 to 0.76. Subjects showed consistent practice effects, with mean amounts of score increasing between 10% and 26%. Pearson correlation between MBT and FCSRT direct scores showed r values between 0.40 and 0.53. The FCSRT displayed ceiling effects not observed in the MBT. CONCLUSIONS The MBT shows adequate test-retest reliability and overall moderate convergent validity with the FCSRT. Unlike the FCSRT, the MBT does not have ceiling effects and it may therefore be especially useful in longitudinal studies, facilitating the measurement of subtle memory performance decline and the detection of very early AD.

Alternative SAIL-Trp for robust aromatic signal assignment and determination of the χ 2 conformation by intra-residue NOEs

Abstract: Tryptophan (Trp) residues are frequently found in the hydrophobic cores of proteins, and therefore, their side-chain conformations, especially the precise locations of the bulky indole rings, are critical for determining structures by NMR. However, when analyzing [U–13C,15N]-proteins, the observation and assignment of the ring signals are often hampered by excessive overlaps and tight spin couplings. These difficulties have been greatly alleviated by using stereo-array isotope labeled (SAIL) proteins, which are composed of isotope-labeled amino acids optimized for unambiguous side-chain NMR assignment, exclusively through the 13C–13C and 13C–1H spin coupling networks (Kainosho et al. in Nature 440:52–57, 2006). In this paper, we propose an alternative type of SAIL-Trp with the [ζ2,ζ3-2H2; δ1,e3,η2-13C3; e1-15N]-indole ring ([12C γ, 12 Ce2] SAIL-Trp), which provides a more robust way to correlate the 1Hβ, 1Hα, and 1HN to the 1Hδ1 and 1He3 through the intra-residue NOEs. The assignment of the 1Hδ1/13Cδ1 and 1He3/13Ce3 signals can thus be transferred to the 1He1/15Ne1 and 1Hη2/13Cη2 signals, as with the previous type of SAIL-Trp, which has an extra 13C at the Cγ of the ring. By taking advantage of the stereospecific deuteration of one of the prochiral β-methylene protons, which was 1Hβ2 in this experiment, one can determine the side-chain conformation of the Trp residue including the χ2 angle, which is especially important for Trp residues, as they can adopt three preferred conformations. We demonstrated the usefulness of [12Cγ,12Ce2] SAIL-Trp for the 12 kDa DNA binding domain of mouse c-Myb protein (Myb-R2R3), which contains six Trp residues.

Influence of austenitisation temperature on the structure and properties of weather resistant steels

Abstract: The influence of austenitisation temperature on the structure and properties of three experimental weather resistant steels has been studied. All these steels contain 1% Mn, 0.3% Ni, 0.47% Cr and 0.47% Cu. In addition, steel #1 has 0.1% C, 0.1% P, steel #2 has 0.1% C, 0.05% P and 0.024% Nb while steel 3 has 0.2% C, 0.054% Nb and 0.046% V. It has been found that the hardness, yield strength and tensile strength do not change significantly with austenitisation temperature over the range 900–1200 °C for steel #1 but they increase considerably when austenitised above 1000 °C for steels 2 and 3. Similarly, the ductility decreases with increasing temperature of austenitisation. All the steels austenitised up to 1000 °C exhibit sharp yield points. None of these steels shows sharp yield point after 1200 °C. At 1100 °C, however, sharp yield points were observed in steels 1 and 2. There has been a noticeable change in optical microstructure. In steels 2 and 3 the pearlite is gradually replaced by granular bainite when austenitised above 1000 °C. The transmission electron microscopy study reveals that the granular bainite consists of acicular ferrite and martensite/austenite constituent.