Steel Authority of India

About: Steel Authority of India is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Microstructure & Ultimate tensile strength. The organization has 797 authors who have published 661 publications receiving 9958 citations. The organization is also known as: SAIL.

Biological and management design for sustainable wetland rice farming in Siak District, Riau, Indonesia

Abstract: . Yusuf RA, Tank UM, Karnila R, Pato U. 2021. Biological and management design for sustainable wetland rice farming in Siak District, Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2803-2814. This study aimed to develop a management design for sustainable wetland rice farming to promote food security in Siak District, Riau Province. This study was conducted through survey research wherein primary and secondary data were used. In the sustainability analysis, the Rapfish method was used which is based on eight attributes that are a combination of key factors in the sustainability analysis and stakeholder needs analysis. Results showed that the management design that can be implemented to improve the sustainability of rice farming involves preventing the continuous paddy field conversion and thus promote their preservation, improving the farmers’ knowledge and skills to create superior human resources, and strengthening agribusiness-based farmer institutions to improve farmers’ welfare. The multidimensional sustainability value obtained in three scenarios was within the 50–75% range, indicating a fairly sustainable status. For this reason, it is recommended to apply scenario 1 wherein sustainability can be increased at low costs and within a relatively short time

Effect of Absorbed Nitrogen on the Microstructure and Core Loss Property of Non-oriented Electrical Steel

Abstract: Presence of nitrogen is undesirable for electrical steel because nitrogen both as interstitial and nitride particle, enhances the core loss value of the electrical steel. Interstitial nitrogen atom distorts the surrounding ferrite matrix and this distorted matrix obstructs the movement of magnetic domain walls during magnetization. On the other hand, nitride particle per se is an obstruction to the movement of magnetic domain walls. As in case of other impurities, the extent of obstruction caused by nitride particle depends upon its size, its morphology and its capability to inhibit grain growth. Presence of such obstacles to the movement to magnetic domains finally results in the enhancement of core loss value of the steel. In spite of such significant influence of nitrogen on the core loss value, very limited information is presently available to show how the nitrogen content quantatively increases the core loss of electrical steel. Moreover, the available information deals with influence of lower amounts of nitrogen (less than 60 ppm) on core loss property. Present study, in fact, establishes a quantitative relationship between higher nitrogen content and core loss value in the non-oriented electrical steel. This study was originally taken up to find out the reasons for varying core loss values achieved in the fully processed coils of a commercially produced non oriented electrical steel. The chemistry and the process parameters of this steel were originally designed to achieve a core loss value of around 4.0 watt/kg at a magnetic field of 1.5 Tesla and frequency of 50 Hz. The steel chemistry included 2.7% silicon while aluminum content was maintained at 0.20%. The steel was made in basic oxygen furnace and processed through vacuum arc refining unit to restrict nitrogen to 50 ppm. Concast slabs of this steel were hot rolled to 2.2 mm thick strips. In the first campaign, some of these strips were processed to produce coils of non-oriented electrical steel by adopting conventional processing practice which included pickling, cold rolling to 0.5 mm thickness, decarburization and then annealing of coils. Decarburization was carried out at 850°C in a furnace with an atmosphere comprising N2 H2 and controlled amount of moisture while annealing was performed at 1000°C. Evaluation of magnetic properties showed that the core loss value of annealed coils was higher than 4.0 watt/kg. In addition, large variation in the core loss value was observed in the coils. A metallurgical investigation was then conducted to find out the reasons for higher as well as scattered values of core loss values.

Mathematical model based coking control system

Abstract: A mathematical model based coking control system has been developed and implemented at coke oven battery no. 3 of Bhilai Steel Plant, Steel Authority of India Ltd., India. The mathematical model predicts and controls the thermal regime of coke oven battery. The key components of the control system are mathematical model, coke oven identification system, coking index determination and coke mass temperature measurement system. The application of the system has resulted in energy saving, coke quality improvement and enhanced battery life. This paper describes in details the methodology followed in the development of mathematical model and its implementation in industry.

An Analytical Technique for Rapid Determination of Carbon in Cast Iron Using X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Abstract: Quantitative analysis of steel for very light elements such as carbon using the x-ray fluorescence spectrometric techniques is beset with numerous practical difficulties. These problems owe their origin mainly to (i) their having very low magnitude of fluorescence yield and (ii) ultrasoftness of the x-ray photons generated by them. In spite of significant advances over the past 10–15 yr in (a) excitation sources, (b) dispersive spectrometers, (c) detection devices, and (d) reductions of optical path absorption, their exploitation for routine applications is still far from complete. The present state of developments in the area of very light element analysis is well-documented in excellent reviews by Henke, Baird, and Baun.

Luff pad for roller reefing and furling sails

Abstract: A luff roller reefing and roller furling sail is provided with a luff pad (6) made up of a laminate of a sail fabric (1) adhesively bonded to a polyurethane elastomeric foam (3). The pad is then adhesively bonded and/or stitched to the length of the luff of a sail (5), tapered from mid-luff to the tack and head. A luff tape is preferably adhesively bonded and stitched over each face of the laminate. When the sail is furled, the tapered luff pad provides bulk to cause more fabric to be drawn from the central portion of the sail, reducing draft and controlling position of the draft in partially furled conditions, and maintaining aerodynamically sound shape in the sail for windward performance.