Steel Authority of India

About: Steel Authority of India is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Microstructure & Ultimate tensile strength. The organization has 797 authors who have published 661 publications receiving 9958 citations. The organization is also known as: SAIL.

Dry cleaning process and system using jet agitation

Abstract: A dry-cleaning process for cleaning articles disposed in a cleaning chamber having jet inflow ports, using carbon dioxide (CO2) from first and second storage tanks, the process including the steps of compressing gaseous CO2 into the first storage tank to cause a positive pressure differential between the first storage tank and the cleaning chamber, filling the cleaning chamber with liquid carbon dioxide by enabling CO2 flow from the first storage tank to the cleaning chamber in response to the positive pressure differential, alternately compressing gaseous CO2 into the first or second storage tanks to cause a pressure differential between the first and second storage tanks, and flowing liquid CO2 between the first and second storage tanks, via the jet ports and through the cleaning chamber, in response to the pressure differential between the first and second storage tanks, to provide jet agitation in the cleaning chamber and a periodically continuous flow of liquid CO2 through the cleaning chamber.

Microstructural control by spray forming and wear characteristics of a Babbit alloy

Abstract: The effect of process variables during spray forming of a commercial Babbit alloy containing Pb74–Sn12–Sb11.5–Cu1.25–NiO.75–Cd0.3–As0.2 on its microstructure and wear characteristics were investigated. Variation in atomization gas pressure from 0.6 to 1.2 MPa and nozzle to substrate distance from 0.2 to 0.4 m revealed considerable change in the nature of porosity and microstructural features of the spray deposits. The process variables during spray deposition were optimized to achieve microstructural homogeneity and refinement in second phase particles of this alloy. The wear study of both the spray formed and as-cast alloy under an applied load of 10 to 70 N and sliding velocity of 0.2 to 1.5 ms-1 indicated two distinct regimes of mild and severe wear. In both the regimes, the spray-formed alloy consistently indicated a low wear rate compared to that of the as-cast alloy. In addition, the mild wear regime of the spray-formed alloy was extended to higher load and sliding velocity. Wear characteristics of the spray formed alloy is discussed in light of its microstructural features induced during spray deposition processing.

Dry cleaning process using rotating basket agitation

Abstract: A dry cleaning process and system for cleaning articles disposed in a cleaning chamber having a rotatable member therein, using carbon dioxide (CO2) from a storage tank. The process includes causing a pressure differential between the storage tank and the cleaning chamber, filling the cleaning chamber with a predetermined amount of liquid CO2 enabling flow of liquid CO2 from the storage tank to the cleaning chamber in response to the pressure differential, and rotating the rotatable member.

On the origin of pop-in crack extension

Abstract: Pop-in is a small amount of abrupt crack extension encountered during both monotonic and fatigue loading. It can drastically decrease the fatigue life and lead to early catastrophic failure. However, a complete explanation for the occurrence of pop-in has not been reported. In this paper, the fracture toughness, fatigue crack growth rate, microstructure and the segregation patterns using EPMA, have been studied in medium manganese rail steel and an experimental high strength CrV rail steel, both of which exhibit pop-in crack extension. The results clearly show that pop-in represents a deviation from the homogeneous behaviour of a material and it occurs in the rail steel in a region where a segregation band of Cr and/or Mn is present. The magnitude of the pop-in crack extension roughly corresponds to the thickness of the segregation band in a rail steel.

Recrystallization behaviour and texture of non-oriented electrical steels

Abstract: Five numbers of Si steels with different alloying elements, viz., 1.35% Si, 2.2% Si, 1.48% Si with 0.11% Sn, 1.44% Si with 0.05% Sb and, 1.52% Si with 0.11% P (all are in wt%), were made in laboratory. Hot bands of 2.2% Si and 1.52% Si with 0.11% P showed recovered grains of very coarse elongated ferrite while that of 1.35% Si steel showed fine ferrite grain of both elongated and fine equiaxed type similar to that of remaining two steels. Grain boundary misorientation and recrystallization study of hot bands before and after annealing indicated nearly complete recrystallization of 1.35% Si and partial recrystallization of Sn and Sb added steels containing low Si. In the case of 2.2% Si and 1.52% Si with 0.11% P steels, the recovered grains were observed mostly containing substructures. The retardation to recrystallization in these two steels has been attributed to the elemental effect of P and high Si. The no-recrystallization temperature (Tnr) of only these two steels were noticed at ≤ 1000 °C. The ϕ2 = 45° and ϕ2 = 90° ODF sections of hot bands indicated that all experimental steels except 1.35% Si steel show magnetically favourable texture components of θ fiber ( //ND) and η fiber ( //RD) components. The beneficial θ fiber components were also further noticed in cold rolled and final annealed 2.2% Si, 1.44% Si with 0.05% Sb and, 1.52% Si with 0.11% P steels. The presence of the magnetically favourable texture in these steels probably resulted in reduced core loss of these steels while the highest core loss was noticed in 1.35% Si steel. The mechanical properties of final processed steels were also found to be suitable for cold forming and stamping operation during their electrical applications.