Stockholm County Council

About: Stockholm County Council is a government organization based out in Stockholm, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 1410 authors who have published 2429 publications receiving 78936 citations.

High prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity among persons with a recorded diagnosis of intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder

Abstract: BACKGROUND Obesity and lack of physical activity are frequently reported in persons with intellectual disability (ID) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We hypothesised a higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in this population. METHOD We used administrative data for all primary and specialist outpatient and inpatient healthcare consultations for people with at least one recorded diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, hypertension or obesity from 1998 to 2015. Data were drawn from the central administrative database for Stockholm County, Sweden. It was not possible to separate data for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We stratified 26 988 individuals with IDs or ASD into three groups, with Down syndrome treated separately, and compared these groups with 1 996 140 people from the general population. RESULTS Compared with the general population, men and women with ID/ASD had 1.6-3.4-fold higher age-adjusted odds of having a registered diagnosis of obesity or diabetes mellitus, with the exception of diabetes among men with Down syndrome. A registered diagnosis of hypertension was only more common among men with ID/ASD than in the general population. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes and blood pressure health screening, along with efforts to prevent development of obesity already in childhood, are necessary for individuals with IDs and ASD. We believe that there is a need for adapted community-based health promotion programmes to ensure more equitable health for these populations.

The development and course of patch-test reactions to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate.

Abstract: Because Methacrylic monomers are used in dental work, dental personnel, technicians, and patients are at risk of being sensitized. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) are commonly used. Allergic test reactions to them sometimes appear beyond D7. This study was designed to study the development and course of positive test reactions to 2-HEMA and EGDMA in allergic patients as a mean to elucidate the issue of patch-test sensitization. 12 patients with contact allergy to 2-HEMA and EGDMA were retested with dilution series. The clinical course was followed for 1 month. During the study, 25 positive test reactions to 2-HEMA and 19 to EGDMA were diagnosed. Within the 1st week, 21 were noted for 2-HEMA and 18 for EGDMA. After 10 days, another 2 reactions appeared for 2-HEMA and 1 for EGDMA. All but 1 patient with the latter reactions also had positive reactions within the 1st week. After 1 month, 12 reactions for 2-HEMA and 10 for EGDMA remained. Patch-test reactions to 2-HEMA and EGDMA are long-lasting. The patch-test concentrations of 2.0% for 2-HEMA and EGDMA may be continually used. Positive test reactions emerging after 10 days do not automatically imply active sensitization.

Is universal prevention against youths’ substance misuse really universal? Gender-specific effects in the EU-Dap school-based prevention trial

Abstract: Background: Studies of effectiveness of school-based prevention of substance misuse have generally overlooked gender differences. The purpose of this work was to analyse gender differences in the effectiveness of a new European school-based curriculum for prevention of substance misuse among adolescents. Methods: The European Drug Abuse Prevention (EU-Dap) trial took place in seven European countries during the school year 2004–05. Schools were randomly assigned to either a control group or a 12-session standardised curriculum (“Unplugged”) based on a comprehensive social influence model. The analytical sample consisted of 6359 students (3324 boys and 3035 girls). The use of cigarettes, alcohol and illicit drugs, adolescents’ knowledge and opinions about substances, as well as social and personal skills were investigated through a self-completed anonymous questionnaire administered at enrolment and 3 months after the end of the programme. Adjusted Prevalence Odds Ratios were calculated as the measure of association between the intervention and behavioural outcomes using multilevel regression modelling. Results: At enrolment, boys were more likely than girls to have used cannabis and illicit drugs, whereas girls had a higher prevalence of cigarette smoking. At the follow-up survey, a significant association between the programme and a lower prevalence of all behavioural outcomes was found among boys, but not among girls. Age and self-esteem emerged as possible modifiers of these gender differences, but effects were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Comprehensive social influence school curricula against substance misuse in adolescence may perform differently among girls and boys, owing to developmental and personality factors.