Stockholm County Council

About: Stockholm County Council is a government organization based out in Stockholm, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 1410 authors who have published 2429 publications receiving 78936 citations.

Fetal and postnatal metal dysregulation in autism.

Abstract: Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the etiologies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but evidence of specific environmental exposures and susceptibility windows is limited Here we study monozygotic and dizygotic twins discordant for ASD to test whether fetal and postnatal metal dysregulation increases ASD risk Using validated tooth-matrix biomarkers, we estimate pre- and post-natal exposure profiles of essential and toxic elements Significant divergences are apparent in metal uptake between ASD cases and their control siblings, but only during discrete developmental periods Cases have reduced uptake of essential elements manganese and zinc, and higher uptake of the neurotoxin lead Manganese and lead are also correlated with ASD severity and autistic traits Our study suggests that metal toxicant uptake and essential element deficiency during specific developmental windows increases ASD risk and severity, supporting the hypothesis of systemic elemental dysregulation in ASD Independent replication in population-based studies is needed to extend these findings

Anti-CarP antibodies in two large cohorts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their relationship to genetic risk factors, cigarette smoking and other autoantibodies

Abstract: Introduction In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), several genetic risk factors and smoking are strongly associated with the presence of anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), while much less is known about risk factors for ACPA-negative RA. Antibodies against carbamylated proteins (anti-CarP) have been described in both ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA patients. In this study, we have analysed the relationships among anti-CarP antibodies, ACPA, genetic risk factors ( HLA-DRB1 alleles and PTPN22 ) and smoking in RA. Methods Presence of antibodies to carbamylated fetal calf serum (CarP-FCS) and fibrinogen (CarP-Fib) was determined by inhouse ELISAs among RA cases in the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic (n=846) and in the Swedish Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (n=1985) cohorts. ORs for associations with different HLA-DRB1 alleles, PTPN22 genotypes and smoking were calculated separately for each cohort as well as in meta-analysis in RA subsets defined by the presence/absence of anti-CarP and anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies. Results In both cohorts, anti-CarP antibody positivity was mainly detected in the anti-CCP-positive population (49%–73%), but also in the anti-CCP-negative population (8%–14%). No associations between anti-CarP antibodies and HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles could be identified, while there were data to support an association between anti-CarP-FCS and HLA-DRB1* 03. Further analyses did not reveal any specific associations of anti-CarP antibodies with other HLA-DRB1 alleles, PTPN22 genotypes or smoking. Conclusions Anti-CarP antibodies were present in both ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA. There were no significant associations among anti-CarP antibodies and HLA-DRB1 alleles, PTPN22 or smoking. These data suggest that different biological mechanisms may underlie anti-CarP versus anti-CCP antibody formation.