Syngenta

About: Syngenta is a company organization based out in Basel, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 4724 authors who have published 6036 publications receiving 164311 citations. The organization is also known as: Syngenta & Syngenta AG.

A novel W1999S mutation and non-target site resistance impact on acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibiting herbicides to varying degrees in a UK Lolium multiflorum population.

Abstract: Background Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibiting herbicides are important products for the post-emergence control of grass weed species in small grain cereal crops. However, the appearance of resistance to ACCase herbicides over time has resulted in limited options for effective weed control of key species such as Lolium spp. In this study, we have used an integrated biological and molecular biology approach to investigate the mechanism of resistance to ACCase herbicides in a Lolium multiflorum Lam. from the UK (UK21).

1H and 13C NMR assignments for two anthraquinones and two xanthones from the mangrove fungus (ZSUH-36).

Abstract: We report the unambiguous assignments of the (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra of one new natural product, namely, 6,8-di-O-methyl versiconol (1) together with one known anthraquinone aversin (2) and two xanthones 5-methoxysterigmatocystin (3) and sterigmatocystin (4). These compounds were all isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus ZSUH-36 from the South China Sea. 1D and 2D NMR experiments including COSY, HMQC and HMBC were used to elucidate the structures. Variations in the (1)H NMR spectrum of 6,8-di-O-methyl versiconol (1) were also observed in the temperature range 25-75 degrees C. In addition, the plausible biogenetic path from 1 to 2 is discussed.

A marine viral halogenase that iodinates diverse substrates

Abstract: Oceanic cyanobacteria are the most abundant oxygen-generating phototrophs on our planet and are therefore important to life. These organisms are infected by viruses called cyanophages, which have recently shown to encode metabolic genes that modulate host photosynthesis, phosphorus cycling and nucleotide metabolism. Herein we report the characterization of a wild-type flavin-dependent viral halogenase (VirX1) from a cyanophage. Notably, halogenases have been previously associated with secondary metabolism, tailoring natural products. Exploration of this viral halogenase reveals it capable of regioselective halogenation of a diverse range of substrates with a preference for forming aryl iodide species; this has potential implications for the metabolism of the infected host. Until recently, a flavin-dependent halogenase that is capable of iodination in vitro had not been reported. VirX1 is interesting from a biocatalytic perspective as it shows strikingly broad substrate flexibility and a clear preference for iodination, as illustrated by kinetic analysis. These factors together render it an attractive tool for synthesis.

The degradation rate of thiamethoxam in European field studies.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Thiamethoxam is a systemic and contact pesticidal active substance in the neonicotinoid class of insecticides used worldwide to control a range of insects. Recently, concerns have been expressed regarding possible effects of neonicotinoids on bees and other wildlife. The DT50 of thiamethoxam in soil may be crucial to assessing the potential long-term exposure of non-target organisms to thiamethoxam. There are currently no detailed publicly available data for the field soil degradation of thiamethoxam under European conditions. We give field soil DT50 values of thiamethoxam from studies conducted in several European locations, under a range of realistic agronomic conditions. RESULTS Field soil DT50 values normalised to 20 °C ranged between 7.1 and 92.3 days (geomean = 31.2 days; n = 18). CONCLUSION The degradation rate of thiamethoxam was not significantly affected by application type, cropped fields versus bare soil, soil pH, organic matter content or repeated annual applications. Soil photolysis and leaching were negligible; therefore, calculated DT50 values were taken to represent microbial degradation. The field degradation rates of thiamethoxam were faster than those previously reported from laboratory degradation studies. They demonstrate that thiamethoxam will degrade to concentrations that are <10% of the maximum within a year of application, and will not accumulate in soil after repeated applications. © 2015 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.