Teesside University

About: Teesside University is a education organization based out in Middlesbrough, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 2155 authors who have published 5540 publications receiving 118373 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Teesside.

Risk, trust and the myth of mental health services

Abstract: Background: Strictly “mental health” should, as its name suggests, be about health, yet there is now a global discourse about “mental health” which actually alludes mainly to the clinical, organizational and legal aspects of managing mental disorder. Indeed, “mental health” law deals with the conditions under which people diagnosed with mental disorder can be lawfully compelled to accept treatment. This paradoxical use of language requires further examination.Aims: The paper aims to problematize the taken for granted notion of “mental health services”.Method: It draws upon general sociological work on “risk” and “trust”. The trustworthiness of ordinary language accounts and professional codifications are considered before examining the sociological implications of the controversy about the abuse of psychiatry. The risks to and from patients in routine mental health work, and the betrayal of trust as both a normal part of care and its corruption in mental health work are outlined.Conclusions: The paper con...

On-line leisure: Gender, and ICTs in the home

Abstract: Research into office automation originally acted as a catalyst for research into gender perspectives on information technology. Whilst a fuller picture of women's use of ICTs is emerging, there has been little research on women's leisure use of ICTs, particularly within a domestic setting. Added to the way in which the leisure studies discipline has discovered gender as a variable, this is somewhat surprising. In this paper we argue that current debates on ‘virtual culture’ would be enriched by analysing the gender dimensions of the use of ICTs for leisure. In addressing personal agency we see women as active agents rather than passive victims of existing structures. The paper addresses negotiations around leisure and the use of technology in the home and how this illuminates the construction of gender identities. The ways in which work and leisure seep into one another are examined through a consideration of electronic mail and the World Wide Web. Although we conclude that women's leisure access...

Single, double or multiple-injection techniques for axillary brachial plexus block for hand, wrist or forearm surgery in adults.

Abstract: Background Regional anaesthesia comprising axillary block of the brachial plexus is a common anaesthetic technique for distal upper extremity surgery. Objectives To compare the relative effects of anaesthetic techniques using either single, double or multiple injections for axillary block of the brachial plexus for distal upper extremity surgery. Search strategy We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, as well as reference lists of trials. We contacted trial authors and the medical industry. Date of last search: August 2004. Selection criteria We included randomized controlled trials that compared double with single injection techniques, multiple with single injection techniques, or multiple with double injection techniques for axillary block in adults undergoing surgery of the distal upper extremity. Data collection and analysis We performed independent study selection, quality assessment and data extraction. We undertook meta-analysis, including exploratory analyses according to the method of nerve location and definition of primary anaesthesia failure. Main results The 12 included trials involved a total of 981 participants who received regional anaesthesia for hand, wrist, forearm or elbow surgery. Trial design and conduct was generally adequate although several trials failed to monitor longer-term effects and to provide sufficient description of their study populations. Substantial heterogeneity precluded the pooling of data for primary anaesthesia failure from the five trials comparing double versus single injections. However, double injections were significantly more effective than single injections in the three trials where electrolocation was used throughout (relative risk (RR) 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31 to 0.74). Five trials compared multiple with single injections. These showed a statistically significant decrease in primary anaesthesia failure (RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.46) and incomplete motor block (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.96) in the multiple injection group. Six trials compared multiple with double injections. These showed a statistically significant decrease in primary anaesthesia failure (RR 0.23, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.38) and incomplete motor block (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.85) in the multiple injection group.Generally, none of the differences between the two groups of any of the three comparisons in secondary analgesia failure, complications and patient discomfort were statistically significant. The time for block performance was significantly shorter for single and double injections compared with multiple injections, but the requirement for supplementary blocks in these groups tended to increase the time to readiness for surgery. Authors' conclusions This review provided some evidence that multiple injection techniques using nerve stimulation for axillary plexus block provide more effective anaesthesia than either double or single injection techniques. However, there was insufficient evidence for other outcomes, including safety.