Showing papers by "Texas Christian University published in 1981"
TL;DR: The authors analyzes changes in the socioeconomic composition of immigrant and native-born Asian-Americans (Japanese, Chinese, and Filipinos) from 1960 to 1976, finding that Asian immigrants are more likely to be found in professional occupations than are whites.
Abstract: The first waves of Asian immigration to the United States were halted by exclusionary and racist legislation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. With the reforms of the 1965 Immigration Act, there has been a resurgence of immigration from Asia. This study analyzes changes in the socioeconomic composition of immigrant and native-born Asian-Americans (Japanese, Chinese, and Filipinos) from 1960 to 1976. The educational levels of all Asian groups, immigrant and native-born, have equaled or exceeded those of whites in recent years. Asians are more likely to be found in professional occupations than are whites, although there is also a concentration of immigrant Chinese and Filipinos in service occupations and the retailtrade sector. Native-born Asian-Americans have reached parity with whites in terms of average earnings, though immigrant Asians remain far behind. The findings are discussed in light of the changing structural conditions and opportunities of Asians in American society.
101 citations
TL;DR: For the most part, parents perceived more problems in their children than did teachers, and parents and teachers tended to agree that boys exhibited more deviant behavior than girls and that youngsters from the higher social classes had fewer disorders than those from the lower classes.
Abstract: This study compared parents' and teachers' perceptions of behavior disorders in 1,008 white children enrolled in kindergarten through eighth grade. Data included background information and ratings on the Behavior Problem Checklist. For the most part, parents perceived more problems in their children than did teachers. Parents and teachers tended to agree that boys exhibited more deviant behavior than girls and that youngsters from the higher social classes had fewer disorders than those from the lower classes. Parent and teacher judgments were somewhat alike in that both groups tended to observe a pattern in the development of problems that first increased then decreased or first increased then decreased and leveled off across grades. Trends were more gradual for parents and sharper for teachers, or declines were not seen by parents that were seen by teachers. Bivariate correlations between parents' and teachers' evaluations were significant but low or low to moderate. Mother-teacher and father-teacher coefficients differed on Socialized Delinquency but were similar on the other behavioral dimensions. Although significant interactions of parentteacher relationships with sex and grade were infrequent, correlations between ratings by the two groups of informants were higher for boys than for girls; and correlations between parent and teacher judgments were lower for early grades than for later grades.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of speech anxiety derived from Stanley Schachter's cognitive-physiological formulation of emotion is postulated, where extreme levels of specific emotional response are contingent upon the presence of physiological activation along with an interpretation of the arousal which seems appropriate to the person experiencing it.
Abstract: In the present study, a model of speech anxiety derived from Stanley Schachter's cognitive‐physiological formulation of emotion is postulated. According to Schachter, extreme levels of specific emotional response are contingent upon the presence of physiological activation along with an interpretation of the arousal which seems appropriate to the person experiencing it. Applied to speech anxiety, communicator predisposition to interpret arousal, in communication contexts, as anxiety is operationally defined as PRCA scores while heart rate serves as the measure of physiological arousal. These two predictor variables accounted for 79.60 percent of the variance in self‐reported speech state anxiety experienced during public speaking, thereby providing support for a Schachterian model of speech anxiety.
82 citations
TL;DR: In particular, Jensen's inequality can be expressed as follows: Suppose that f is convex on (a, b), then, for x,,..., x, in (b, b) and PI,.--3 Pn > 0, P, + *** + Pn> 03 as discussed by the authors.
41 citations
TL;DR: The expectation of a fuzzy random variable is a fuzzy variable (fuzzy set) and the usual linearity properties of probabilistic expectation carry over to fuzzy random variables.
38 citations
TL;DR: Although some of the synaptic plasma membrane tubulin might be aggregates, that possibility is not supported by the observation that tubulin aggregates that are added to synaptosomes before synaptic subfractionation do not partition with synaptic plasma membranes during membrane isolation.
Abstract: Mild detergent extraction of chick brain synaptic plasma membranes followed by gel electrophoresis suggests that synaptic plasma membrane tubulin is an integral component Although some of the synaptic plasma membrane tubulin might be aggregates, that possibility is not supported by the observation that tubulin aggregates that are added to synaptosomes before synaptic subfractionation do not partition with synaptic plasma membranes during membrane isolation
37 citations
TL;DR: The distribution of exogenous [125I]myosin during subcellular fractionation indicated that myosin in isolated synaptic junction could not have resulted from artifactual re-distribution of soluble myOSin, and show that a non-muscle myosIn is an endogenous component of CNS asymmetric synapses.
35 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined the utility of intact and embedded headings as processing aids with non-narrative text and found that text with headings significantly outperformed text without headings in terms of information recall.
34 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the relevance of McReynoIds' assimilation theory of anxiety as a conceptual framework for receiver apprehension theory and research and found that there is a significant positive correlation between cognitive backlog, or unassimilated material, and receiver apprehension.
Abstract: The present study examined the relevance of McReynoIds’ assimilation theory of anxiety as a conceptual framework for receiver apprehension theory and research. Specifically, the hypothesis that there is a significant positive correlation between cognitive backlog, or unassimilated material, and receiver apprehension was tested. Results confirmed the hypothesis.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the structure of the principal constituent, coraxeniolide-A (1) was determined by X-ray diffraction studies, and Spectral analysis and chemical correlations elucidated the structures of CORAXENiolides B(3), C(7), C'(10), and corabohcin (13).
29 citations
TL;DR: The structures of the two crystalline antibiotics, alliacols A and B were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical correlation with alliacolide, and show weak antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Abstract: Two antimicrobial and cytotoxic metabolites were isolated from fermentation broth of Marasmius alliaceus. The structures of the two crystalline antibiotics, alliacols A (6) and B (1) were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical correlation with alliacolide (3). The alliacols show weak antibacterial and antifungal activity. Both antibiotics strongly inhibit DNA synthesis in cells of the ascitic form of Ehrlich carcinoma at concentrations of 2-5μg/ml. Both alliacols A and B react with cysteine to form adducts with strongly reduced biological activities.
TL;DR: There is little evidence to cause one to tout either inpatient or outpatient treatment based on relative effectiveness, and it is proposed that a flexible treatment program utilizing both inpatient and outpatient treatment with a focus on reducing attrition is most likely to maximize effectiveness.
Abstract: The literature on inpatient and outpatient treatment of alcohol and drug abusers is reviewed. In addition, attrition as a major factor in treatment is examined. While several hypothesized advantages for both inpatient and outpatient treatment are advanced, it is pointed out that, because of methodological and situational differences among the studies, comparisons are difficult and risky to make. After suggesting that there is little evidence to cause one to tout either inpatient or outpatient treatment based on relative effectiveness, it is proposed that a flexible treatment program utilizing both inpatient and outpatient treatment with a focus on reducing attrition is most likely to maximize effectiveness.
TL;DR: Recommendations are made concerning the form, entrance requirements, possible courses, staffing levels, intent, library resources, and computing resources required for an academic, professional, or specialized master's degree.
Abstract: The ACM Committee on Curriculum in Computer Science has spent two years investigating master's degree programs in Computer Science. This report contains the conclusions of that effort. Recommendations are made concerning the form, entrance requirements, possible courses, staffing levels, intent, library resources, and computing resources required for an academic, professional, or specialized master's degree. These recommendations specify minimum requirements which should be met by any master's programs. The Committee believes that the details of a particular master's program should be determined and continually updated by the faculty involved. A single or a small number of model programs are not as appropriate at the graduate level as at the bachelor's level.
TL;DR: Experimental data were presented for the absolute cross section for atomic-field bremsstrahlung produced by 50-, 100-, and 140-keV electron bombardment of thin targets of aluminum, copper, silver, and gold at photon angles of 30/sup 0/0/1/1.
Abstract: Experimental data are presented for the absolute cross section for atomic-field bremsstrahlung produced by 50-, 100-, and 140-keV electron bombardment of thin targets of aluminum, copper, silver, and gold at photon angles of 30/sup 0/, 45/sup 0/, 60/sup 0/, 90/sup 0/, and 135/sup 0/ The data are compared with the theory of Pratt et al and generally found to be in very good agreement, although there are some small discrepancies between theory and experiment
TL;DR: The results are discussed in terms of the functional significance of NE and 5-HT in the hippocampus, their modes of action and significance for understanding dorsal-ventral hippocampal differences.
Abstract: Norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) were injected either into the dorsal or ventral hippocampal formation of rats in doses ranging from 0.005 μg/μl to 5.0 μg/μl. Behavioral reactivity was assessed by recording latency to paw lick when placed on a hot plate and magnitude of force displaced in a vertical direction to a footshock. In addition open field activity was measured. NE injections resulted in a dose-dependent increase in behavioral reactivity to the hot plate and footshock; 5-HT injections resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in behavioral reactivity to hot plate and footshock. Both NE and 5-HT injections resulted in a dose-dependent increase in open field activity. NE injections were more effective in increasing reactivity when injected into the dorsal hippocampus while 5-HT injections were more effective in decreasing behavioral reactivity when injected into the ventral hippocampus. Both NE and 5-HT were most effective in increasing open field behavior, however, when injected into the dorsal hippocampus. When NE and 5-HT were injected simultaneously they resulted in no change in bevavioral reactivity as compared to saline injections. Simultaneous injections of NE and 5-HT neither enhanced nor antagonized the increase in open field activity of each amine injected alone. The results are discussed in terms of the functional significance of NE and 5-HT in the hippocampus, their modes of action and significance for understanding dorsal-ventral hippocampal differences.
TL;DR: The structure and relative stereochemistry of rastevione (1a), the main constituent of the roots of S. serrata and S. rhombifolia, were deduced from chemical transformations combined with spectral data and by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study.
TL;DR: Crime was primarily profit-related and strongly associated with drug use, especially opioid drugs, and criminality and drug use increased and decreased together among persons who showed changes in drug use during the follow-up period.
Abstract: Follow-up interview data for 1,155 opioid addicts showed that about three-fourths of the sample reported some criminal behavior during a 4-year period after leaving drug abuse treatment. Males had ...
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between cognitive complexity and receiver apprehension was examined and the hypothesis that there should be a significant negative correlation between the cognitive complexity of a person and its receiver's apprehension was tested.
Abstract: This investigation examined the relationship between cognitive complexity and receiver apprehension. Specifically, the hypothesis that there should be a significant negative correlation between cognitive complexity and receiver apprehension was tested. Results supported the hypothesis.
TL;DR: In this paper, a hypothesis of consistency in cognitive information processing of perceptions of psychological influence (perceived influence of decisions made by a supervisor) was proposed and tested in a study of 363 Navy enlisted aircraft maintenance personnel, where selective attentiveness to opportunities for influence was determined by assessing the fit between personal characteristics of a subordinate.
Abstract: A hypothesis of consistency in cognitive information processing of perceptions of psychological influence (perceived influence of decisions made by a supervisor) was proposed and tested. The hypothesis stated that if (a) having influence was of sufficient importance to a subordinate to effect selective attention to supervisor behaviors that reflected opportunities for influence, then (b) the subordinate would employ perceptions of influence in behavioral decisions (performance) and affective reactions (anxiety, satisfaction). The hypothesis received support in a study of 363 Navy enlisted aircraft maintenance personnel, where selective attentiveness to opportunities for influence was determined by assessing the fit between personal characteristics of a subordinate (e.g., achievement motivation) and the degree of overload in the work environment. Results suggested that relations between perceptions of influence and attitudes/performance should be expected only for those individuals who are attentive to opportunities for influence in the early stages of cognitive processing. Implications of these results for future scientific and professional endeavors are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured voice initiation time and voice termination time in seven stuttering and eight non-stuttering children, ranging in age from 4 yr, 6 mo to 6 yr, 10 mo.
TL;DR: It is shown that the eye primordia move from the anterior neural plate into the forming neural folds and was obtained by time-lapse photography and excision experiments.
TL;DR: In this article, a 19 F pulsed NMR investigation of single crystals of CeF 3 and CaF 2 -doped CFA 3 was performed at a frequency of 14 and 60 MHz.
TL;DR: Intra-septal injections of specific monoamine and cell body neurotoxins were used to determine the anatomical and biochemical elements critical to both short and longer term changes in reactivity normally seen after septal lesions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that flow vacuum thermolysis (FVT) of thiophene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (2 ) in the presence of 2,3dimethylbutadiene (6) gives, in addition to 5,6-dimethylthianaphthene (9) small quantities of a dihydrodimethylthiansaphethene (10) and another dimethylthiannaphthenes (11) which is probably also formed by dehydrogenation of 12 with chloranil
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a route to the necessary silicon-nitrogen-phosphorus precursors and the results of their decomposition reactions are reported. But the route is not suitable for all N-silylphosphinimines Me3SiN[dbnd]P(X) RR′P(OCH2CF3)Me2.
Abstract: Many N-silylphosphinimines Me3SiN[dbnd]P(X) RR′ undergo facile thermal decomposition with elimination of substituted silanes Me3SiX and formation of cyclic or polymeric phosphazenes (RR′PN). The process which is a new, general synthesis of phosphazenes has been used to prepare poly(dimethylphosphazene), (Me2PN), in nearly quantitative yield from Me3SiN[dbnd]P(OCH2CF3)Me2. Convenient synthetic routes to the necessary silicon-nitrogen-phosphorus precursors are described and the results of their decomposition reactions are reported.
TL;DR: The results of this study strongly suggest that there are specific odors in the goalbox as a result of nonreward and reward, and are different from the odors of food and urine, and that the “reward” and “nonreWARD” odors, although different, may possibly be similar in chemical structure.
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to determine if there were specific odor components in the goalbox of a straight alleyway following reward and nonreward trials. Behavioral research has convincingly demonstrated that, unless the goalbox is cleaned between animals, a pattern of slow running on nonreward trials and fast running on reward trials soon develops. It has been proposed that the rat emits an odor in the goalbox following nonreward which allows following conspecifics to predict the upcoming goal event before reaching the goalbox. Behavioral research has been unable to determine if there are specific odors associated with reward and nonreward, or if there is only one odor of varying concentration, or if only one odor is present and the cue for the other condition is merely the absence of that odor. The results of this study strongly suggest that there are specific odors in the goalbox as a result of nonreward and reward. They further suggest that these “reward” and “nonreward” odors are different from the odors of food and urine, and that the “reward” and “nonreward” odors, although different, may possibly be similar in chemical structure.
TL;DR: The pH of the most basic section of an isoelectric-focusing gradient prepared in a polyacrylamide gel decreases in direct proportion to the amount of chick or rat liver or brain protein focused in the gel.
TL;DR: There was no evidence for an optimal match between client types and treatment types leading to better posttreatment outcomes of clients, and the client type with greater criminal involvement had the poorest outcomes.
Abstract: Differences in background characteristics of 1,812 Black and White male opioid addicts were used as the basis for defining profiles of “typical” clients assigned to methadone maintenance (MM), therapeutic community (TC), and outpatient drug-free (DF) programs. The three client types defined by these profiles, especially reflecting variations in criminal history and legal involvement, were compared using a composite outcome measure for drug use, criminality, and employment during the first year posttreatment. There were significant outcome differences among the client types, and the client type with greater criminal involvement had the poorest outcomes. The outcomes of clients in MM, TC, and DF treatments were not significantly different from one another, but they were significantly more favorable than those for clients in outpatient detoxification and a comparison intake-only group. The major finding, however, was the lack of evidence for an optimal match between client types and treatment types leading t...