Showing papers by "University of Alabama published in 1972"
TL;DR: Echocardiography offers a reliable and reproducible method for measuring left ventricular wall thickness and mass, and ultrasound may provide an accurate method forasuring systolic wall thickening in man.
Abstract: Echocardiographic measurements of minor axis and wall thickness and calculations from these two measurements of left ventricular end-diastolic volume and mass were performed in 24 patients and compared with angiocardiographic measurements of the same variables in corresponding patients. The echo-measured left ventricular end-diastolic chamber dimension (D d ) correlated closely with the angiographic minor axis in the AP plane (correlation coefficient 0.87 and se ± 0.45 cm) and with the minor axis from the lateral film (r = 0.91, se ±0.39 cm). Similar correlations were found between measurements by these methods of wall thickness (r = 0.89, se ±1.3 mm), of end-diastolic volume (r = 0.94, se ±30.6 cc), and of left ventricular mass (r = 0.88, se ±49.19 g). The reproducibility of this method was established by independent recordings and measurements of echo Polaroid films by two observers. The percent systolic wall thickening, as determined by echocardiography, identified subjects with ejection fractions greater or less than 0.50. Echocardiography offers a reliable and reproducible method for measuring left ventricular wall thickness and mass. Finally, ultrasound may provide an accurate method for measuring systolic wall thickening in man.
617 citations
TL;DR: The spherical model provided a framework for relating the clinical status of a patient to both ventricular function and size of the ACS, but also offered a means of estimating the function of the myocardium that appeared angiographically to be nonakinetic.
Abstract: The relationship of abnormal regional myocardial performance to left ventricular (LV) function 2-12 months following transmural myocardial infarction was investigated in 25 patients by quantitative biplane angiocardiography. Abnormally contracting segments (ACS) (akinetic or dyskinetic) of the LV were identified in 24 patients. Their sites correlated with the electrocardiographic locations of infarction. ACS were expressed as a percentage (ACS%) of the end-diastolic ventricular circumference, and the percentages obtained correlated with ejection fraction (EF) (r = —0.838, P = 0.0001) using a quadratic regression equation. The group of patients (N = 8) with heart failure (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and/or ventricular gallop sound) demonstrated a significantly lower mean value for EF (P = 0.0003) and a significantly larger mean value for ACS% (P = 0.0041) than the group of patients (N = 16) without heart failure. EF sharply separated the two groups. ACS% was a poor separator because in the majority of pat...
249 citations
TL;DR: The data support the theory that the tubulovesicular membrane is incorporated into the secretory membrane as a result of the stimulation, and the production of acid probably takes place mainly at thesecretory surface.
178 citations
TL;DR: Patients in cardiogenic shock with these hemodynamic alterations are presumably candidates for cardiocirculatory mechanical assisting devices and possibly for further surgical intervention.
Abstract: Twenty-two patients with shock complicating myocardial infarction were studied hemodynamically and, despite pharmacologic therapy and regulation of intravascular volume, 16 (73%) subsequently expired. Pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure (PAEDP) or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was > 15 mm Hg in 18 of the 22 patients, and cardiac index (CI) was ≤2.3 liters/min/m2 in 17 of 22 patients. Fourteen of the 18 patients with PAEDP or LVEDP > 15 mm Hg expired, while two of the four patients with a PAEDP or LVEDP < 15 mm Hg survived. Thirteen of 15 individuals with a CI < 2.3 liters/min/m2 died, and four of seven with a CI ≤ 2.3 liters/min/m2 survived. A ventricular gallop (S3) was audible in 15 patients with PAEDP or LVEDP varying from 13 to 60 mm Hg. In 11 patients with an S3 who expired, the PAEDP or LVEDP ranged from 22 to 60 mm Hg. Mean peripheral vascular resistance was 41.3 units in survivors and 67.8 units in nonsurvivors. Six of eight patients who did not survive the period of hospital...
116 citations
TL;DR: Malformations induced were day-dependent and included exencephaly, micrognathia, protruding tongue, open eye, exophthalmos, anophthalmia, missing pinna, cleft lip, hydrocephalus, umbilical hernia, eventration, ectrodactyly, micromelia, and shortened or twisted tail and twisted limb.
Abstract: Single intraperitoneal injections of sodium arsenate in Swiss-Webster mice on one of days 6 to 12 of gestation resulted in increased fetal resorptions. Decreased fetal weights and a spectrum of fetal anomalies were noted in litters treated on days 6 to 11. Malformations induced were day-dependent and included exencephaly, micrognathia, protruding tongue, agnathia, open eye, exophthalmos, anophthalmia, missing pinna, cleft lip, hydrocephalus, umbilical hernia, eventration, ectrodactyly, micromelia, and shortened or twisted tail and twisted limb, or both. Skeletal defects such as fused vertebrae and fused and forked ribs were also seen.
116 citations
TL;DR: Alanine disappearance and disposal were studied in six normal human volunteers with l-alanine-U-14C and the effect of ethanol on the metabolism of alanine was studied with the oral administration of bonded whiskey.
Abstract: Alanine disappearance and disposal were studied in six normal human volunteers with l-alanine-U-14C. Fifty μCi of l-alanine-U-14C was administered as a single in injection on two separate occasions. The effect of ethanol on the metabolism of alanine was studied with the oral administration of bonded whiskey (19.6 g of ethanol followed 1 hr later by 9.8 g). In control studies, the plasma glucose and lactate concentrations remained constant during the experimental period. The half-life (t½) of plasma alanine radioactivity was 22.8 min ± 1.2 (sem, n = 6). 14C appeared promptly in glucose and reached plateau values within 30–60 min. 12.5% ± 0.9 of the administered dose of alanine-U-14C was recovered in glucose while 26.5% ± 3.0 of the administered dose was recovered in lactate. The t½ of plasma lactate SA after the injection of alanine U-14C was 32.7 min ± 1.1. During the administration of ethanol, plasma glucose concentrations were not altered but lactate concentrations increased from 0.98 ± 0.07 to 1.58 ± 0...
107 citations
TL;DR: Although ATP prevented some heterolysosome breakage in media containing bicarbonate, the primary effect appeared to be to promote proteolytic activity, consistent with the presence of a proton pump in the heterolySosome membrane which functions to maintain intralysosomal pH in alkaline media.
Abstract: 1. Homogenization of mouse kidneys or livers in 0.25m-sucrose buffered with tris–acetate, pH7.3, resulted in a decreased rate of proteolysis within isolated heterolysosomes containing injected 125I-labelled albumin when these particles were incubated at 35°C. Proteolysis in mouse kidney or liver heterolysosomes isolated from homogenates made in 0.25m-sucrose buffered at pH7.3 was stimulated by pH5 buffer or by additions of ATP. 2. A greater inhibition of proteolysis was produced by including bicarbonate or pH8 borate buffers in the incubation media, and this inhibition was also reversed by ATP. 3. Other nucleoside triphosphates were not as effective as ATP, but GTP and ITP were more effective than CTP or UTP. ADP, AMP, or adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate were completely without effect. 4. Although ATP prevented some heterolysosome breakage in media containing bicarbonate, the primary effect appeared to be to promote proteolytic activity. 5. These observations are consistent with the presence of a proton pump in the heterolysosome membrane, which functions to maintain intralysosomal pH in alkaline media.
97 citations
TL;DR: Focal myocardial lesions were found in the hearts of 21 of 46 rats in which an intracranial injection of blood had been given five days before and similar lesions were present in 4 of 22 rats that were treated with propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent.
87 citations
TL;DR: An ATPase was isolated and partially purified from mammalian pancreas and it was shown to be stimulated several fold by HCO3− and other anions, and to be completely inhibited by SCN− and CNO−.
80 citations
TL;DR: Arsenite induced a variety of fetal malformations on gestation days 7–10; the most common were exencephaly, micrognathia, open eye, tail defects and skeletal anomalies of the ribs and vertebrae.
Abstract: Single intraperitoneal injections of sodium arsenite were given to albino Swiss-Webster mice on one of days 7–12 of gestation. Two dose levels were used: 10 or 12 mg/kg. Arsenite treatment resulted in high rates of fetal deaths and tended to decrease fetal weights-compared with H2O injected controls. Arsenite induced a variety of fetal malformations on gestation days 7–10; the most common were exencephaly, micrognathia, open eye, tail defects and skeletal anomalies of the ribs and vertebrae. Defects were similar to but less numerous than those caused by sodium arsenate.
77 citations
TL;DR: Quantitation of granular myeloperoxidase activity revealed that monocytes had a relative deficiency of this enzyme, which could explain the decreased iodination and killing of ingested bacteria by monocytes when compared to neutrophils.
TL;DR: In a group of ten patients who had undergone thyroid ablation for thyroid carcinoma, serum endogenous TSH levels rose progressively during the 10–20 days of observation, and sustained elevated levels reached 2–3 weeks after withdrawal of triiodothyronine probably cause as much stimulation of residual functional thyroid tissue as does administration of bovine thyrotropin.
Abstract: In a group of ten patients who had undergone thyroid ablation for thyroid carcinoma, serum endogenous TSH was measured after withdrawal of triiodothyronine treatment. Serum TSH levels rose progressively during the 10–20 days of observation. Only two patients reached a plateau in their TSH level 10 and 15 days after withdrawal. Another group of ten subjects (5 euthyroid, 5 hypothyroid) were given 10 U bovine thyrotropin im on 3 successive days. Bovine TSH levels in their serum measured in a specific radioimmunoassay reached a peak of approximately 100–120 μU/ml in 2–4 hr and declined about 50% at 8–10 hr. Successive injections did not have an additive effect on the level achieved. Assuming the units of human and bovine TSH have an equivalent effect in man, the sustained elevated levels reached 2–3 weeks after withdrawal of triiodothyronine probably cause as much stimulation of residual functional thyroid tissue as does administration of bovine thyrotropin.
TL;DR: DNA repair replication in normal human lymphocytes has been inhibited by every cocarcinogen tested to date, including anthralin, 12-0-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate, and the neutral fraction from cigarette smoke.
TL;DR: Both cell models lead to good theoryexperiment agreement, especially the coated ellipsoid model, and the absolute position of the two observed scattering minima and the wavelength dependence of these positions is in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Abstract: The scattering of visible light from randomly oriented systems of heterogeneous E. coli cells in water was measured as a function of angle for 10–90°. The cells are assumed to be prolate ellipsoids of revolution whose dimensions are independently measured. For these cultures the average cell volume and axial ratio is 0.6 μ3 and 2.81, respectively. Using the measured dimensions, the Rayleigh-Debye approximation for the homogeneous ellipsoid was used to calculate theoretical scattering. A newly developed Rayleigh-Debye equation for a coated ellipsoid was also used. Both cell models lead to good theory–experiment agreement, especially the coated ellipsoid model. The absolute position of the two observed scattering minima and the wavelength dependence of these positions is in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. The existence of the scattering minima in randomly oriented heterogeneous cultures of E. coli is attributed to the uniformity of their minor axes.
TL;DR: Free thyroxine rose and TSH fell at 2–4 hr after starting dialysis, and the time course of these changes was followed at 2-hr intervals in patients undergoing hemodialysis and in euthyroid control subjects.
Abstract: Serum TSH was measured to assess free thyroxine induced by heparin in patients undergoing hemodialysis and in euthyroid control subjects. In 25 patients with chronic renal failure, the free T4 was 1.39 ± .13 (se) ng/100 ml and the serum TSH was 5.5 ± 0.4 μU/ml before hemodialysis; after hemodialysis free thyroxine rose to 4.03 ± 0.7 ng/100 ml and TSH fell to 2.6 ± 0.3 μU/ml. The time course of these changes was followed at 2-hr intervals in 11 patients undergoing hemodialysis. Free thyroxine rose and TSH fell at 2–4 hr after starting dialysis. In eight control subjects given 1000 U heparin/hr iv to simulate the dosage of heparin administered during hemodialysis, the free T4 doubled and the serum TSH fell in four of the five with detectable baseline TSH levels. The increment in the free T3 fraction paralleled that in the free T4 fraction in dialyzed patients and control subjects given heparin. When heparin was added in vitro to undiluted serum which was dialyzed against .05 m Tris buffer, pH 7.4, there was...
TL;DR: A new method for comparing and differentiating strains of S. marcescens is described which has proved useful in determining the epidemiology of hospital infections and in cross-infection studies and as a supplement to serological typing are discussed.
Abstract: A new method for comparing and differentiating strains of S. marcescens is described which has proved useful in determining the epidemiology of hospital infections. Strains were grown in Trypticase soy broth, and bacteriocin production was induced with mitomycin C for 5 hr. The bacteriocin lysates were then spotted onto nine standard indicator strains, which were chosen with the aid of computer analysis from the 118 indicators tested. After 24 hr at 37 C, zones of inhibition due to bacteriocins were recorded. One hundred twentynine strains were differentiated into 72 different bacteriocin production patterns, but 11 strains were nontypable. None of the 45 other strains of Enterobacteriaceae produced bacteriocins. Bacteriocin production was a stable epidemiological marker. Colonial mutants always had identical patterns, as did the same strain which has passed from patient to patient through cross-infection. The new technique does not require any specialized equipment and can be used in laboratories with limited budgets. The applications of the new method in cross-infection studies and as a supplement to serological typing are discussed.
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: Definition of the induction sites for development of the antibody-producing line of cells in mammals seems to be one of the most important problems in contemporary immunobiology.
Abstract: Definition of the induction sites for development of the antibody-producing line of cells in mammals seems to us one of the most important problems in contemporary immunobiology. With the discovery in the early 1960s of the role of the mammalian thymus in the development of immunocompetent cells (Good and Gabrielsen, 1964), it was tempting to assume that the thymus was also central to development of antibody-producing cells. This idea was particularly attractive since deficient antibody responsiveness was frequently found in animals subjected to removal of the thymus early in life. Information gained since refuted this possibility and directed attention away from the thymus in the search for the sites of origin of the plasma cell line.
TL;DR: In this paper, three of the most often used numerical integration schemes for the geometrically nonlinear response analysis of structural components are evaluated based on the ease of problem formulation, machine strage required, and speed and accuracy of solution.
Abstract: Three of the most often used numerical integration schemes for the geometrically nonlinear response analysis of structural components are evaluated based on the ease of problem formulation, machine strage required, and speed and accuracy of solution. The particular integration methods considered are the implicit Houbolt and constant-average-acceleration Newmark methods and the explicit central finite difference scheme. The methods are evaluated by a series of numerical experiments with one and multiple degree-of-freedom system, both with and without damping, with emphasis on the characteristics of these temporal operators as regards stability and artificial attenuation or viscosity.
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: The emphasis in this discussion will be on early events in differentiation of antibody-producing cells, an area of immunology that is in its experimental infancy.
Abstract: The emphasis in this discussion will be on early events in differentiation of antibody-producing cells, an area of immunology that is in its experimental infancy. Most of the available information on the antibody problem emerged from analyses of relatively mature cells of the plasma cell lineage and the end products they secrete. Several useful theories on the development of antibody heterogeneity taking into account the diversity and specificity of antibody molecules, the restrictions imposed by genetic and structural analyses, and the phenomenon of self-recognition have been proposed. However, the paucity of knowledge of the origin, identity, and characterization of pre-antibody forming cells has been a handicap in the struggle toward a final solution of this problem.
TL;DR: In this paper, a computerized cost minimization model was used to study the importance of lead time unreliability (variability of lead times from mean lead times) in inventory management.
Abstract: A computerized cost-minimization model was used to study the importance of lead time unreliability (variability of lead time from mean lead time) in inventory management. Using different combinations of stockout cost, demand variability, mean lead time, and variability of lead time around the means, changes in optimum safety stock and in inventory costs were observed. Lead time unreliability was found to be of greater importance than either the mean lead time or the variability of demand in explaining inventory cost behavior. Managers and researchers involved in the development of inventory theory are urged to note the great financial damage that may result from ignoring lead time unreliability; a dollar measure of this penalty is included in the presentation.
TL;DR: Removal of one of the carboxyl groups of quinolinic acid so that it no longer has the same dicarboxylic structure as oxaloacetate markedly decreases its ability to inhibit PEPcarboxylase.
TL;DR: The therapeutic and preventive use of exercise is supported by the animal studies but these efforts should be adjunctive to modification of the risk factors that have a well-demonstrated influence on the atherosclerotic process.
TL;DR: Oral administration of TRH will be a useful method of determining pituitary TSH reserve when the releasing factor is more readily available and clear increments in thyroidal radioiodine uptake and serum PB125I levels did not occur.
Abstract: Serum TSH, T4, PB125I and thyroidal radioiodine uptake were measured in response to orally administered thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg were given to 10 normal male subjects at 3–5-day intervals; 8 mg were given to 9 of the 10 subjects 3 days to 10 weeks following the 4 mg-dose. The serum TSH response to oral TRH was doserelated. The mean maximum increments ±sem in serum TSH produced by 1, 2, 4 and 8 mg were 0.7 ± 0.3, 1.7 ± 0.3, 2.9 ± 0.7 and 6.7 ± 1.0 μU/ml, respectively. The repetitive dosage schedule used in this study produced small, progressive increments in serum levels of T4 and increments in serum radioactive inorganic iodide, but clear increments in thyroidal radioiodine uptake and serum PB125I levels did not occur. No symptoms or toxic effects were observed. Oral administration of TRH will be a useful method of determining pituitary TSH reserve when the releasing factor is more readily available.
TL;DR: Recovery from stuttering was studied in Tuscaloosa, Alabama junior and senior high schools and 119 active stutterers were observed and another 68 students reported re...
Abstract: Recovery from stuttering was studied in the Tuscaloosa, Alabama junior and senior high schools. Of 5054 students interviewed, 119 active stutterers were observed and another 68 students reported re...
TL;DR: It was concluded that arginine-61 is not located in an antigenic site of lysozyme, and the findings demonstrate that not all conformational changes will influence antigenic reactivity.