Showing papers by "University of Auckland published in 1971"
TL;DR: In this paper, Houle's typology of "motivational orientation" in a New Zealand context, and to develop a factor analytically based sure of motive for attendance, 233 adult education participants selected at random from three institutions completed a 48 item Education Participation Scale.
Abstract: To test Houle's typology of "motivational orientation" in a New Zealand context, and to develop a factor analytically based mea sure of motive for attendance, 233 adult education participants selected at random from three institutions completed a 48 item Education Participation Scale. A factor analysis and promax/ varimax rotation yielded 14 first-order factors which were subse quently intercorrelated, factor analysed and rotated to yield second and then third-order factors. The meaning of the resultant factors is discussed. In developing a model of adult education participa tion, it is proposed that participants are basically "being" or "deficiency" motivated. The concept of homeo and heterostasis is discussed. Education Participation Scale factors purporting to measure these different types of motivation are identified. Partici pation is shown to stem from motives moie complex than those originally identified by Houle.
347 citations
TL;DR: The frequency of fifty-five behavior symptoms was studied in the entire kindergarten through grade two population of a midwestern university town; boys had a greater number of symptoms with a marked excess of acting out than did girls.
Abstract: The frequency of fifty-five behavior symptoms was studied in the entire kindergarten through grade two population of a midwestern university town. Many symptoms proved to be of high frequency; boys had a greater number of symptoms with a marked excess of acting out than did girls. Generally speaking, the mean number of symptoms per child decreased with age in both sexes.
209 citations
TL;DR: Three pigeons studied under two-key concurrent variable-interval schedules showed that qualitatively different reinforcers could be handled in the same theoretical framework that applies when choice is between different rates, immediacies, and amounts of a single reinforcer.
Abstract: Three pigeons were studied under two-key concurrent variable-interval schedules with food as the reinforcer on one key and ectostriatal brain stimulation as the reinforcer on the other. Brain-stimulation parameters were kept constant while the rate of food reinforcement availability was varied. The results showed that qualitatively different reinforcers could be handled in the same theoretical framework that applies when choice is between different rates, immediacies, and amounts of a single reinforcer.
140 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that the quality of early reading progress is related to the organization of the sequential decoding activity, and implies a processing advantage for linguistic over visual cues, whereas the behavior of the poor readers was dominated by part-word and word cues.
114 citations
TL;DR: Prostaglandins F2α, E1, PGE2, PGF1α and PGF2α have potent oxytocic properties that have led to their successful use in induction of labour and abortion in women and they have been found in tissues and biological fluids of women in spontaneous labour.
Abstract: PROSTAGLANDINS F2α (PGF2α), E1 (PGE1) and E2 (PGE2) have potent oxytocic properties that have led to their successful use in induction of labour and abortion in women1. They have been found in tissues and biological fluids of women in spontaneous labour but it is not clear whether the release of prostaglandins has an important physiological role in the control of labour or whether it is a consequence of labour. Karim and Devlin2 found PGE1, PGE2, PGF1α and PGF2α in amniotic fluid of women in labour although only PGE1 was present in samples obtained before labour. The source of prostaglandins in amniotic fluid may be the decidua, which shows the same pattern of prostaglandins as amniotic fluid—PGE1 before labour and PGE1, PGE2, PGF1α and PGF2α during labour2. The decidua may also be the source of PGF2α found in peripheral venous blood3.
87 citations
TL;DR: There was no evidence in support of either classification, or of any correlation between the preferred eye and the preferred hand, in either classification or relation between these tests and handedness.
Abstract: Fifty subjects were given a battery of eye dominance tests to investigate whether there are five types (Lederer, 1961) or two types (Walls, 1951) of ocular dominance, and to investigate the relation between these tests and handedness. There was no evidence in support of either classification, or of any correlation between the preferred eye and the preferred hand. An alternative hypothesis to those formulated by Lederer and by Walls is presented, which seems to account more adequately for the results.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the implications of rotation, time reversal and reflection invariance for the elastic scattering of a spin s particle by a spin zero particle are discussed in terms of the properties of the scattering amplitude.
54 citations
TL;DR: The Kleinschmidt technique has been used to observe reovirus cores that have synthesized messenger RNA, implying that there are probably a number of different enzymic sites in each core.
Abstract: The Kleinschmidt technique has been used to observe reovirus cores that have synthesized messenger RNA. Some individual viral cores probably synthesize all ten messenger RNA molecules in vitro. Each messenger RNA molecule appears to be attached to a different site on the core surface, implying that there are probably a number of different enzymic sites in each core.
53 citations
TL;DR: The Ferrar Group as mentioned in this paper consists of re-derived Beacon and primary basaltic volcanic detritus, and is conformably overlain by over 1,000 ft (300 m) of Kirkpatrick Basalt, including a thick hyaloclastite breccia with pillows.
Abstract: Four hundred feet (130 m) plus of current-bedded sandstones and fine lithic conglomerates of Jurassic age at Carapace Nunatak, formerly attributed to the Beacon Group, are shown to consist of re-derived Beacon and primary basaltic volcanic detritus. They are here named the Carapace Sandstone and referred to the Ferrar Group. They are conformably overlain by over 1,000 ft (300 m) of Kirkpatrick Basalt, including a thick hyaloclastite breccia with pillows, and a 50 ft (15 m) intercalation of what is here called Mawson Diamictite. The latter, also Jurassic in age, is also exposed extensively at nearby Allan Hills, where it fills a depression eroded several hundred feet into Permian and Triassic coal measures and sandstones of the Beacon Group. The diamictite consists, like the Carapace Sandstone, of mixed Beacon and basaltic debris, but contains more basalt, is coarser-grained, very poorly sorted, and generally unstratified. More than 1,000 ft (300 m) thick, it was originally called Mawson Tillite. ...
52 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for the calculation of refraction and diffraction patterns produced by isolated ionospheric irregularities is presented. But the method is not suitable for the analysis of large scale irregularities, which depend only on the total number of electrons in the irregularity and the height.
49 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that it is thermodynamically possible that the structural nature of cell water could be solely responsible for the observed distribution of ions in living tissue.
TL;DR: Work carried out at the Health Physics and Medical Division, AERE, Harwell, has shown that a modified version of the technique of Grant et al. can be used to detect latent fingerprints on a wide range of papers.
Abstract: GRANT et al.1–3 have reported that latent fingerprints on paper may be detected by autoradiography of the paper after it has been treated with 35SO2. Work carried out at the Health Physics and Medical Division, AERE, Harwell, has shown that a modified version of the technique of Grant et al. can be used to detect latent fingerprints on a wide range of papers. I have also found that the modified technique can be used to visualize latent fingerprints on finely woven fabrics.
TL;DR: Puromycin and radioactive alanine were used to see what controlled the possible balance between amino acids and proteins in response to osmotic changes in Melanopsis trifasciata.
TL;DR: A comparison of reproductive activities with other species of Chromis show a basic similarity in behaviour, although the demoiselle appears to differ in certain behavioural patterns associated with spawning.
Abstract: Reproductive behaviour of the demoiselleChromis dispilusGriffin was studied along the coast and offshore islands of north-eastern New Zealand. Spawning occurred at intervals over the summer months, December to March. Males displayed nursery behaviour and nest-guarding during the incubation period of the eggs. Juvenile growth was initially very rapid. A comparison of reproductive activities with other species ofChromis show a basic similarity in behaviour, although the demoiselle appears to differ in certain behavioural patterns associated with spawning.
TL;DR: In this paper, the electron content of the ionosphere has been continuously recorded from 1965 to 1970 at latitudes between 34 deg S and 42 deg S. At periods up to 5 min amplitudes were less than 0.2% of the total electron content.
TL;DR: Phytophthora cinnamomi has been isolated from roots of 25 species of plants found in four indigenous communities in New Zealand in three of which severe chlorosis, dieback and mortality occur.
Abstract: Summary Phytophthora cinnamomi has been isolated from roots of 25 species of plants found in four indigenous communities in three of which severe chlorosis, dieback and mortality occur. The most severely affected are dense kauri (Agathis australis) regrowth stands 80–100 years of age in the Waitakere Ranges near Auckland where both overstorey and understorey species are severely damaged. The other diseased communities are mixed scrub on eroded hill soils at Kaitenteri near Motueka and Coriaria sarmentosa scrub in Golden Downs State Forest near Nelson. The fourth community is healthy Dacrydium cupressinum forest at Harihari, South Westland. From these and other records it is obvious that P. cinnamomi is widely distributed in native communities in New Zealand. It is not possible to determine whether the fungus is indigenous or introduced. It seems clear, however, that P. cinnamomi is now playing a role in natural succession. While its selective influence is likely to be subtle and protracteprotracted in mos...
TL;DR: The Wharekahika Formation, which was erected by Ongley and MacPherson in 1928 and regarded as of probable Pliocene age, is discarded because it cannot now be readily identified and the fauna listed for it is likely to be a mixed one as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Sedimentary rocks within the Whangaparaoa area are divided into two groups. Of these, one group and three formations are newly established and one formation is redefined; another previously accepted formation is discarded. Poorly exposed, unfossiliferous Haumurian-Teurian sediments are included within the Mangatu Group which is not further subdivided. Coarse lithologies which grade up the stratigraphic sequence into interbedded thin sandstones and grey mudstones containing basal Miocene microfaunas are included within the Whakai Formation. The Wharekahika Formation, which was erected by Ongley and MacPherson in 1928 and regarded as of probable Pliocene age, is discarded because it cannot now be readily identified and the fauna listed for it is likely to be a mixed one. Strata of the Runaway Group which crop out over large portions of the Whangaparaoa area comprise two formations—the Te Kahika Formation of Opoitian age and the Whangaparaoa Pumiceous Sandstone of Opoitian to ? Waipipian age. Fossil...
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for the calculation of standard retention indices from boiling point data has been proposed and a cyclic effect on retention data was found on squalane and SE-30.
TL;DR: There may be a balance between the free amino acids and the soluble protein fraction in response to a salinity change, and the capacity of M. trifasciata to regulate intracellularly is discussed in relation to other such invertebrates.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A preliminary scuba survey of oligotrophic Lake Rotoma in 1972 revealed a vegetation mainly composed of native hydrophytes in which exotics were at an early stage of colonisation and the dominant vegetation pattern was a characean meadow of Chara fibrosa f.
Abstract: A preliminary scuba survey of oligotrophic Lake Rotoma in 1972 revealed a vegetation mainly composed of native hydrophytes in which exotics were at an early stage of colonisation. In 1973 the presence of species was recorded in 5708 quadrats (625 cm2) at 1 m intervals along a total of 50 line transects placed systematically around the lake. Water depth was measured, and quadrat cover and substrate type were subjectively estimated. Species frequency calculations showed that the dominant vegetation pattern was a characean meadow of Chara fibrosa f. acanthopitys (A.Br.) R.D.W., Nitella leptostachys var. leonhardii (R.D.W.) R.D.W., and N. pseudoflabellata var. mucosa (Nordst.) Bailey. The charophytes extended over a depth range of 1–17.5 m on a wide variety of substrates and gradients. Native vascular plants were absent from many transects, and had a depth range only from 0 to 4.5 m, with most occurring above 3.5 m. The Low Mixed Community, found in shallow water less than 1.25 m in depth at the nort...
TL;DR: Observed behaviour indicates that these species are typical temperate zone cleaners.
Abstract: These first observations of cleaning symbiosis amongst New Zealand fishes were made between June 1967 and March 1970. Five species of labrid fishes; Halichoeres sp., Coris picta (Bloch and Schneider, 1801), Coris sandageri (Hector, 1884), Pseudolabrus luculentus (Richardson, 1848) and Pseudolabrus miles (= coccineus) (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) are now known to be facultative cleaners. One is an undescribed species and two others are new records for New Zealand. Halichoeres sp. is a more active cleaner than the other four and is almost an obligate cleaner. Observed behaviour indicates that these species are typical temperate zone cleaners.
TL;DR: The results of an exact quantum-mechanical analysis are found to differ significantly from the results of either a classical or an approximate quantum-ME analysis as mentioned in this paper, which is the state-of-the-art.
Abstract: In second-harmonic generation (S.H.G.) two photons with frequency ~o interact in an optically nonlinear medium to create a second-harmonic (S.H.) photon with frequency 2w. Though classical (1) and approximate quantum-mechanical (2.3) analyses of S.H.G. have been given, an exact quantum-mechanical analysis does not to our knowledge exist. In this letter we report the results of analytic and numerical calculations for the photon statistics and evolution of the photon number of the S.H. light. The results of an exact quantum-mechanical analysis are found to differ significantly from the results of a classical or approximate quantum-mechanical analysis. We begin with the following Hamiltonian description of S.H.G. :
TL;DR: Pigeons were exposed to two keys, a main key and a changeover key, and generalization gradients were obtained using three measures: time spent, responses, and response rate in the presence of each test stimulus, typically to stimuli away from the first in a direction opposite the second stimulus.
Abstract: Pigeons were exposed to two keys, a main key and a changeover key. Initially non-differential training was given in which pecking the main key was reinforced on a variable-interval 2-min schedule when the key displayed the first stimulus, a black line on a blue background, and was reinforced on an identical but independent variable-interval 2-min schedule when the key displayed a plain blue stimulus. Later, differential training was given in which pecking the main key was reinforced on a variable-interval 2-min schedule when the first stimulus was displayed; and was reinforced on a variable-interval 10-min schedule when a second stimulus, a black line of another orientation on a blue background, was displayed. During non-differential and differential training, each peck on the changeover key changed the stimulus on the main key. Generalization tests were given before and after the differential training. These consisted of presentations on the main key of seven orientations of the black line on the blue background, including the first and second stimuli, with no reinforcements being given. Changeover-key pecks changed the stimuli on the main key. Generalization gradients were obtained using three measures: time spent, responses, and response rate in the presence of each test stimulus. Typically, maximum values on these measures occurred to stimuli away from the first in a direction opposite the second stimulus, and minimum values occurred to stimuli away from the second in a direction opposite the first.
TL;DR: Four aeolid species, all newly recorded for New Zealand waters, are described and a new genus, Paracoryphella, and family, the Paracories, are created for Coryphella islandica Odhner.
TL;DR: The results support the previous suggestion that double-stranded turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA is associated with the chloroplast fraction from virus-infected Chinese cabbage leaf, and not with nuclei.
TL;DR: The concept of the average temperature of elution of a compound is proposed and used to show that a correlation may be made between retention indices determined under nonlinear temperature programmed conditions and those found from plots of retention index against column temperature as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: Records of oxygen uptake of marine larvae of Philanisus in different salinities and at different temperatures show that a maximum is reached in normal sea water at 25°C, leading to the conclusion that changes in oxygen uptake are affected by alteration in the frequency rather than the amplitude of the ventilatory movements.
TL;DR: Results suggest that cues arising from differential leg movements during a forced turn may be critical to turn alternation.