Showing papers in "Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior in 1971"

TL;DR: In this paper, strong evidence was obtained from three experiments to support the hypothesis that the recognition of a visually presented word entails phonemic (auditory/articulatory) recoding, and the latencies obtained in a task of deciding whether a visual presented word was English or nonsense supported two additional hypotheses: (a) phonemic recoding occurs during the quantization stage; and (b) it is the phonemic form of the stimulus and of the representations of the entries in the internal lexicon that are compared to achieve the recognition.

TL;DR: In this paper, spoken connected discourse was interrupted for testing immediate recall where the speech just presented contained an identical sequence of words in one of two syntactic configurations, and the clause unit previous to the one interrupted either belonged to the immediate sentence, or was part of the previous sentence.

TL;DR: For instance, this paper found that children acquire the meanings of words component by component, from the super-ordinate component on down, and that children understand both before and after correctly.

TL;DR: For instance, this paper found that training conditions with greater item exposure (study and recognition trials) resulted in more effective recognition, while the conditions which encouraged retrieval (recall and recognition test trials) facilitated recall.

TL;DR: The main conclusions were that switching languages in input takes an observable amount of time, that the input language switch is automatic, thatThe input and output switches operate sequentially and independently, and that bilinguals do not usually translate from their weaker to their stronger language.

TL;DR: This article investigated the role of articulation activity in the processing of visually and auditorily presented material and found that the use of both acoustic and articulatory features in STM while semantic and visual features appeared to play little role in retrieval from STM.

TL;DR: Three experiments were carried out to compare the processing of three kinds of affirmative and negative sentences and showed that explicit syntactic negatives and implicit syntactic positives were processed differently than semantic negatives which were referentially equivalent to few.

TL;DR: This article found that recall of substantive information about the passage and the location in the passage of this information was more accurate than chance for locations within any page and within the text sequence, and accuracy of substance and within-page location recall was correlated.

TL;DR: The authors showed that the results of several recent studies of categorization may be interpreted in terms of conjoint frequency (the frequency of cooccurrence of a category and instance in English).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors attempted to place factor analyses of tests of verbal ability and imagery within the current orientation of research on imagery and on aptitude by treatment interactions, and two factor analytic studies were conducted with separate but overlapping test batteries.

TL;DR: This article found that the size of the noun category had little effect on reaction time (rho = −.22) and the number of possible correct instances had no effect on response time.

TL;DR: In this paper, a functional view of short-term memory was suggested, in which retention is based on sensory buffers and rehearsal processes without postulating a structural shortterm store separate from a long-term store.

TL;DR: The authors found that the response time is shorter when the English word is a homograph, a word with more than one meaning, than when it is a nonhomograph, and that this facilitating effect of homography is observable when the meanings of the homograph are not systematically related and tend to tend to equiprobability.

TL;DR: The finding was that memory for vowels closely matched the results with digits or letters whereas memory for consonants showed neither the basic modality effect nor the suffix effect, suggesting that the special memory system associated with auditory presentation may be said to “contain” vowels but not consonants.

TL;DR: The authors found that the quality of early reading progress is related to the organization of the sequential decoding activity, and implies a processing advantage for linguistic over visual cues, whereas the behavior of the poor readers was dominated by part-word and word cues.

TL;DR: The experiments were designed to differentiate among several alternative hypotheses; the results indicating a failure to edit the responses at the time of recall, and in terms of a core and extra-core dichotomy due to organizational processes.

TL;DR: This article showed that the probability of recall is an orderly function of distance, type of repetition and their interaction, and that the greater the distance between the word and its repetition, the higher the likelihood of recall.

TL;DR: This article found that Spanish-English bilinguals named colors in both languages with color stimuli that were either Spanish color names, English color names or control Xs, and that color naming was slowest when the naming language and the language of the color names was the same.

TL;DR: The authors investigated the truth function when reasoning with conditional sentences through an analysis of the evaluations of the truth of four deductive arguments by 56 naive adult S s. This analysis suggested that only 44.7% of these S s consistently assessed the validity of these arguments in a truth-functional manner.

TL;DR: In this article, a new interpretation of negative transfer and forgetting is presented, using concepts of storage and retrieval from memory, according to which one process in negative transfer is interference with the stroage of new items, produced by carryover of the encodings of stimuli and responses from earlier pairings.

TL;DR: In this article, bilingual S s were presented categorized words in a series of tests conforming to the Brown-Peterson STM paradigm and differences between fluent and non-fluent bilinguals were found and interpreted in terms of the differential tendency to translate items from the non-preferred language into the dominant language.

TL;DR: The effects of syntactic complexity on visual perception of very rapidly presented word sequences were examined and it was concluded that the effect of syntactical structure on perception was essentially independent of the effects of semantics.

TL;DR: This article found that meaning judgments decreased in accuracy as a function of lag, while the accuracy of wording judgments was uncorrelated to either the meaning judgments or lag, and meaning judgments were no less accurate if the test sentence was a paraphrase than if it was identical to the original.

TL;DR: This article used the subjective magnitude estimation (SME) method to obtain estimates of relative word frequency from two adult groups (15 lexicographers, 13 other adults) for 60 words ranging widely in objective frequency.

TL;DR: The authors investigated whether one aspect of syntax, verb inflection, creates units for perception in brief visual presentations of words and pseudowords, and concluded that these features are processed independently.

TL;DR: This paper found that the associative recall performance of blind subjects was positively affected by auditory but not visual word imagery, whereas the reverse occurred for sighted subjects, suggesting that learning was mediated by modality-specific images evoked by the noun pairs.

TL;DR: The authors used word-matching to predict the meaning of Japanese words in antonym pairs with three conditions: reading, reading, and hearing the Japanese words with an expressive voice.

TL;DR: In this article, imagery and deep-structure complexity were compared as predictors of free recall of English nominalizations, and the results indicate that an imagery interpretation of memory for nominalizations is plausible whereas one based on deep structure complexity can be ruled out.

TL;DR: In this paper, the scale values were consistent with expectations based upon the assumption that S s integrate a pragmatic communication constraint and a semantic-grammatical rule, and they used a multiple rank ordering procedure.

TL;DR: In this article, free recall of categorized word lists was subjected to an analysis of Inter-Response Times (IRTs), which showed a clear difference between IRTs occurring within a conceptual category and IRTing at the transition between categories, were replicated.