Showing papers by "University of Colorado Denver published in 1968"
TL;DR: Serial head circumference measurements should be a routine part of the physical examination of infants and children, since rapid upward deviation may signify correctable conditions, such as hydrocephalus, subdural hematomas or effusions.
Abstract: Head circumference graphs for boys and girls from birth to 18 years of age, calculated from reports in the world literature published since 1948, are presented. No significant racial, national, or geographic differences in head circumferences were found. A single "normal" head circumference, that is one which lies within two standard deviations above and below the mean for age and sex, may prove misleading, since it gives no clue as to rate of head growth. Serial head circumference measurements should, therefore, be a routine part of the physical examination of infants and children. When such measurements are plotted on the composite graphs, abnormal growth patterns are readily discernible. Rapid upward deviation may signify correctable conditions, such as hydrocephalus, subdural hematomas or effusions. Marked slowing or arrest of head growth offers a poor prognosis for mental development. But even a single measurement outside the range of normal should lead to further evaluation of the child.
682 citations
TL;DR: The effect of compounds that uncouple oxidative phosphorylation on membrane function in Streptoccocus faecalis, an organism which relies upon glycolysis for the generation of metabolic energy, is studied and it appears that a proton-impermeable membrane is required for transport.
Abstract: We studied the effect of compounds that uncouple oxidative phosphorylation on membrane function in Streptoccocus faecalis, an organism which relies upon glycolysis for the generation of metabolic energy. At low concentrations (ranging from 10−7 to 10−4m), tetrachlorosalicylanilide, tetramethyldipicrylamine, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, pentachlorophenol, and dicoumarol strongly inhibited energy-dependent transport of rubidium, phosphate, and certain amino acids. However, these compounds had little effect on the generation of adenosine triphosphate via glycolysis or on its utilization for the synthesis of macromolecules. They also did not seriously inhibit uptake of those monosaccharides and amino acids which do not require concurrent metabolism. It is proposed that the uncouplers interfere with the utilization of metabolic energy for membrane transport. The uncouplers accelerated the translocation of protons across the cytoplasmic membrane. It appears that a proton-impermeable membrane is required for transport, perhaps, because a proton gradient is involved in the coupling of metabolic energy to the translocation of substrates across the membrane.
136 citations
TL;DR: Kinetic studies with the partially purified enzyme suggest that decreased levels of NAD, such as occur after ethanol ingestion in vivo, would have a marked effect on enzyme activity, which may be important in oxidizing biologically active aldehydes derived from endogenous sources.
95 citations
TL;DR: At a concentration of 10(-6)m, nigericin and monactin inhibited growth of Streptococcus faecalis, and the inhibition was reversed by addition of excess K(+).
Abstract: At a concentration of 10(-6)m, nigericin and monactin inhibited growth of Streptococcus faecalis, and the inhibition was reversed by addition of excess K(+). In the presence of certain antibiotics, the cells exhibited increased permeability to certain cations; internal Rb(+) was rapidly lost by exchange with external H(+), K(+) Rb(+), and, more slowly, with Na(+) and Li(+). No effect was observed on the penetration of other small molecules. Cation exchanges induced by nigericin and monactin were metabolically passive and apparently did not involve the energy-dependent K(+) pump. When the cells were washed, the cytoplasmic membrane recovered its original impermeability to cations. By use of monactin, we prepared cells whose K(+) content had been completely replaced by other cations, and the metabolic characteristics of K(+)-depleted cells were studied. Cells containing only Na(+) glycolyzed almost as well as did normal ones and, under proper conditions, could accumulate amino acids and orthophosphate. These cells also incorporated (14)C-uracil into ribonucleic acid but incorporation of (14)C-leucine into protein was strictly dependent upon the addition of K(+). When K(+) or Rb(+) was added to sodium-loaded cells undergoing glycolysis, these ions were accumulated by stoichiometric exchange for Na(+). From concurrent measurements of the rate of glycolysis, it was calculated that one mole-pair of cations was exchanged for each mole of adenosine triphosphate produced.
77 citations
TL;DR: A series of ester substrates are designed and synthesized which provide both a cytochemical indicator of the location of the enzyme and a means of following the enzymatic activity in tissue homogenates and subfractions to correlate the intracellular site of action and the biochemical behavior of the esterases.
Abstract: The esterases of rabbit lung have been investigated from two viewpoints, the cytochemical and the biochemical. To accomplish this objective, we designed and synthesized a series of ester substrates which provide both a cytochemical indicator of the location of the enzyme and a means of following the enzymatic activity in tissue homogenates and subfractions. The substrates are p-nitrophenylthiol esters which yield, upon hydrolysis, carboxylic acid and p-nitrothiophenol. The latter can react with aurous ions to give an electron-opaque deposit; in addition, the strong absorption of p-nitrothiophenol at 410 mµ permits continuous kinetic measurements. Thus, it is possible to correlate the intracellular site of action and the biochemical behavior of the esterases. The new substrates are the thiol analogues of the p-nitrophenyl esters frequently employed as esterase substrates. The rates of hydrolysis of the two series of esters are compared in vitro. During tissue fractionation, most of the esterase activity sediments with a particulate fraction. The effects of a number of common esterase inhibitors, such as diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate and eserine sulfate, are examined, and the effects of enzyme concentration and heat inactivation are shown with the use of the partially purified preparations. The cytochemical work shows that the esterase activity is most prominent in the lamellar bodies of the giant alveolar (type II, septal, or granular pneumatocyte) cells of the lung and to a lesser extent in squamous (type I, or membranous pneumatocyte) epithelial and endothelial cells. In both the cytochemical and biochemical studies, the enzymes are inhibited by diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate and phenyl methylsulfonyl fluoride but are insensitive to eserine sulfate.
73 citations
TL;DR: The behavior of lysozyme in aqueous urea and acetamide is consistent with the following conclusions: like serum albumin, the extent of solute-protein interaction is paralleled by some degree of protein perturbation, the latter reflected by ly sozyme in change of intrinsic viscosity or disulfide bond stability (or both).
57 citations
TL;DR: It is deduced that approximately 1 molecule of urea or thiourea interacts per 3 or 4 amino acid residues of each fully denatured albumin molecule, indicating the extent of interaction of small molecules with albumin parallels the ability of the molecules to denature albumin.
44 citations
TL;DR: Using methylated serum albumins in the experiments reported here showed that polymorphonucleocytes outnumber monocytes early in specific delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions but later are replaced by large numbers of monocytes, that passive transfer of delayed hypers sensitivity may require cooperation between lymphoid cells and humoral antibody, and that immediate and delayed hypersensitivities in mice can be distinguished from each other by differences in antigenic determinant sites.
42 citations
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TL;DR: This case of father-son incest seems to be a phenomenon more closely related to the father's intrapsychic problems than to the family interaction.
36 citations
TL;DR: Pluronic F68 (a nonionic surface-active agent) has been shown to decrease the vascular resistance in a series of 10 pig spleens perfused with human blood and to increase the duration of successful perfusion from 1 to 6 hours.
34 citations
TL;DR: In a group of inpatients with asthma of known and of unknown origin, the sensitivity to inhaled methacholine one day following the injection of influenza vaccine was not universally increased, but was found in only 11 of 24 individuals.
TL;DR: It is shown in this study that cells of the mesometrial triangle proliferate at a high rate in the early formative period of the metrial gland, and observations of sequential apperance of specific cell types during growth of this tissue, indicate that the meetrial cells are formed in situ.
Abstract: It is shown in this study that cells of the mesometrial triangle proliferate at a high rate in the early formative period of the metrial gland. This, plus observations of sequential apperance of specific cell types during growth of this tissue, indicate that the metrial cells are formed in situ.
Support for the hypothesis of in situ formation of metrial gland tissue also was obtained by observation of apparent differentiation of metrial cells from a precursor cell type. The precursor cells appear to arise from fibroblast-like cells located in the mesometrial triangle throughout the formative period of the metrial gland. Quantitative autoradiographic studies indicate that the precursor cells accumulate glycogen, undergo division, and subsequently produce diastase-resistant, PAS-positive granules that are characteristic of metrial cells. These cells, which contain specific granules and glycogen, are an individual cell type and are referred to as mononucleate metrial cells. The experiments suggest that the mononucleate metrial cells undergo karyokinesis without cytokinesis resulting in typical binucleate metrial cells. Binucleate metrial cells synthesize DNA and appear to become polyploid rather than forming multinucleated cells or binucleate daughter cells. Some nuclei apparently attain a high ploidy, but the majority of binucleates are not highly polyploid.
TL;DR: Observations of sheep and goat placentas do not justify the assumption that maternal and fetal blood run in opposite directions and suggest the hypothesis that the pattern is, as a first approximation, crosscurrent.
TL;DR: Progress in various areas of transplantation research has been summarized in several books, monographs and special issues of journals and will not be recapitulated here and attention will be focused upon several specific questions that pertain to transplantation of the kidney and liver.
TL;DR: A patient with a Vitallium hinged knee prosthesis studied at autopsy forty-two months after implantation was presented and the importance of mechanical design and composition is seen to be a significant consideration of reconstructive surgery.
Abstract: 1. A patient with a Vitallium hinged knee prosthesis studied at autopsy forty-two months after implantation was presented.
2. Clinically, the patient had no complications or clinical evidence of tissue reaction while receiving good, pain-free service from the prosthesis.
3. Pathologically, a massive amount of Prussian blue positive staining material was found in the capsule and lining the canals formed by the stems of the prosthesis.
4. Mechanical wear (corrosion) was evident at the areas of contact and on the central axis of the hinge.
5. The importance of mechanical design and composition is seen to be a significant consideration of reconstructive surgery.
TL;DR: It is concluded that α-chymotrypsin under certain conditions (pH 3.7 and ionic strength much less than 0.2) undergoes a detectable change in conformation, which provides a firm experimental basis for the investigation of biologically interesting systems at extraordinarily high concentrations by means of optical rotation.
TL;DR: In this paper, TLD-100 Lif in polyethylene capsules was irradiated to doses of 20, 100, 400, 800 and 1500 rads, and the ratio of LiF response to each dose and x-ray quality by luminescence from phosphor receiving an identical dose from 60Co radiation was calculated.
TL;DR: The experimental data suggest that NAD+ kinase can exist in several forms: an inactive reduced form, an active form induced by NAD+ and which contains intact sulfhydryl groups and an inactive oxidized form which can be reactivated by incubation with 2-mercaptoethanol and NAD+.
TL;DR: Nephrotoxic agents temporarily alter the excretion of a procoagulant normally present in the urine, producing tubular necrosis or inducing proteinuria without severe glomerular damage have the most pronounced effect.
Abstract: SummaryNephrotoxic agents temporarily alter the excretion of a procoagulant normally present in the urine. Agents producing tubular necrosis or inducing proteinuria without severe glomerular damage have the most pronounced effect.
TL;DR: The azathioprine regimen did not produce a repeated “rejection cycle” when continuously administered and plasma sugar, bilirubin, and fibrinogen were not affected by this immunosuppressive regimen.
TL;DR: Preliminary studies in mice suggest that the leiomyoma of the esophagus and erythrocytosis contained a substance which was capable of increasing erythropoietin production by the kidneys.
TL;DR: The scintiscan is an excellent means of evaluating early lymphomatous involvement of bone and the incidence in relatively asymptomatic patients is probably much greater than can be appreciated roentgenographically or suspected clinically.
Abstract: The reported radiographic and autopsy incidence of lymphomatous involvement of bone has been reviewed. Results of 19 patients with malignant lymphoma studied with bone scintiscans and roentgenograms are presented. Scintiscans were positive in 84.2% of the patients and roentgenograms were positive in only 10.5%. Bone marrow biopsy was positive in only three out of 16 cases. Necropsy material obtained from vertebral bones which were positive on scanning revealed histological evidence of disease in all the six cases. The scintiscan is an excellent means of evaluating early lymphomatous involvement of bone and the incidence in relatively asymptomatic patients is probably much greater than can be appreciated roentgenographically or suspected clinically. The early detection of osseous involvement may be an important guide to therapy.
TL;DR: Hydxyurea, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, has antitumor properties and has recently been introduced for clinical use, and Glycine hydroxamic acid is found to preferentially inhibit the synthesis of RNA.