Showing papers by "University of Connecticut published in 1986"

Conduction of Heat in Solids, Second Edition

Abstract: Keywords: transfert de chaleur ; conduction ; solides ; conditions : limites ; methodes : numeriques ; methode : integrale Reference Record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08

Gender-role conflict scale: college men's fear of femininity

Abstract: Gender-role conflict exists when gender roles have negative consequences for people. This research reports initial validity and reliability data on measures of gender-role conflict for men. Two measures, Gender Role Conflict Scale I and II (GRCS-I and GRCS-II) were constructed to assess patterns of gender-role conflict described in the literature. GRCS-I assesses men's personal gender-role attitudes, behaviors, and conflicts. GRCS-II assesses men's gender-role conflicts in specific gender-role conflict situations. Both GRCS measures and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ) were administered to male college students (N=527). Initial factor-analytic data for GRCS-I and GRCS-II demonstrated eight meaningful factors. Acceptable test-retest and internal consistency reliabilities were found for both measures. MANOVA, ANOVA, and Tukey procedures indicated differences for subjects across the four PAQ categories. Significant gender-role conflict differences across the factors were found for men who were instrumental, expressive, or both instrumental and expressive. Results of these differences are reported, as well as implications for future development of both scales.

The Effect of the Common Process Noise on the Two-Sensor Fused-Track Covariance

Abstract: This note deals with the effect of the common process noise on the fusion (combination) of the state estimates of a target based on measurements obtained by two different sensors. This problem arises in a multisensor environment where each sensor has its information processing (tracking) subsystem. In the case of an ?-s tracking filter the effect of the process noise is that, over a wide range of its variance, the uncertainty area corresponding to the fused estimates is about 70 percent of the single-sensor uncertainty area as opposed to 50 percent obtained if the dependence is ignored.

A stochastic theory of phase transitions in human hand movement

Abstract: The order parameter equation for the relative phase of correlated hand movements, derived in a previous paper by Haken et al. (1985), is extended to a time-dependent stochastic differential equation. Its solutions are determined close to stationary points and for the transition region. Remarkably good agreement between this theory and recent experiments done by Kelso and Scholz (1985) is found, and new predictions are offered.

Status of Pediatric Pain Control: A Comparison of Hospital Analgesic Usage in Children and Adults

Abstract: A chart review was conducted of the records of 90 children and 90 adults, randomly selected and matched for sex and diagnosis, to investigate analgesic usage. Four diagnostic categories (hernias, appendectomies, burns, and fractured femurs) at two hospitals were examined. Results revealed that adults received an average of 2.2 doses of narcotics per day, whereas children received 1.1 (P = .0001). Significant differences in dosing were noted between the diagnostic categories. Diagnoses associated with a longer hospital stay showed a greater discrepancy between narcotic usage in children and adults. Hospital differences were also significant (P = .004) with more doses per day administered at the urban hospital than the rural one. Infants and young children were less likely than older children to have narcotics ordered for them, but, if ordered, frequency of administration was similar for all children. Our study demonstrates that children and adults with the same diagnoses are treated differently as regards narcotic administration. Further research is necessary to determine whether these results represent a difference in pain tolerance in children or a lack of recognition of their discomfort.

Towards Reconciliation of Market Performance Measures to Strategic Management Research

Abstract: Four research issues are identified that highlight the contrasting perspectives of strategic management and finance on event-study methodology. These issues then are used to evaluate five finance procedures used to calculate market-based performance measures. In each case, alternative procedures are recommended to make these measures more relevant both conceptually and statistically, for strategic management research.

Giant subtidal stromatolites forming in normal salinity waters

Abstract: We report here the discovery of giant lithified subtidal columnar stromatolites (>2 m high) growing in 7–8 m of clear oceanic water in current-swept channels between the Exuma Islands on the eastern Bahama Bank. They grow by trapping ooid and pelletal carbonate sand and synsedimentary precipitation of carbonate cement within a field of giant megaripples. The discovery is important to geologists and biologists because similar organo-sedimentary structures built by a combination of cementation and the trapping of sediment by microbes were the dominant fossil types during the Precambrian. Stromatolites are thought to have been responsible for the production of free oxygen and thus the evolution of animal life1,2. Until the discovery of small lithified subtidal columnar stromatolites in the Bahamas3, the only subtidal marine examples known to be living while undergoing lithification were in the hypersaline waters of Hamelin Pool at Shark Bay, Western Australia4–7. Shark Bay stromatolites range from intertidal to the shallow subtidal with the larger columns reaching 1 m in height. The Shark Bay stromatolites have strongly influenced geological interpretation; by analogy, many ancient stromatolites have been considered to have grown in intertidal and/or hypersaline conditions8, although hypersalinity was not a necessity for growth during the Precambrian because grazing metazoan life had not then evolved.

Development of The Immune System in Very Low Birth Weight (Less than 1500 g) Premature Infants: Concentrations of Plasma Immunoglobulins and Patterns of Infections

Abstract: Plasma immunoglobulin concentrations of premature infants of birth weight less than 1500 g were measured longitudinally from birth to 10 months chronological age. Infants were divided into two groups based on gestational age (group I: 25-28 wk; group II: 29-32 wk). In the 1st wk of life, plasma IgG levels correlated with gestational age (r = 0.5, p less than 0.001). At 3 months chronological age, the geometric mean plasma IgG levels were 60 mg/dl in group I and 104 mg/dl in group II infants. Most infants remained hypogammaglobulinemic at 6 months with seven of 11 infants in group I and 13 of 21 infants in group II having plasma IgG levels below 200 mg/dl. In the 1st wk of life, plasma IgM concentrations were 7.6 and 9.1 mg/dl in groups I and II, respectively. They rose to 41.8 and 34.7 by 8 to 10 months of life. Plasma IgA concentrations were comparable for groups I and II in the 1st wk of life (1.2 and 0.6 mg/dl, respectively), but at 1 month of age group I infants had a transient increase in IgA which was not seen in the group II infants (4.5 versus 1.9 mg/dl, respectively, p less than 0.02). This transient elevation in IgA did not correlate with type or route of feeding or amounts of transfused blood. Group I and group II infants had comparable rates of infections prior to discharge from the nursery (p = 0.27). After discharge, the 43 preterm infants followed until 10 months chronological age had a significantly higher incidence of infections than 41 term infants (p = 0.04).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The Role of Threat to Self-Esteem and Perceived Control in Recipient Reaction to Help: Theory Development and Empirical Validation

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on one theoretical orientation—the threat to self-esteem model of reactions to aid—with the goal of introducing a conceptual development to it. The chapter discusses the basic postulates of the original Fisher et al. formulation and then examines the implications of it on the models of effective helping and coping. It discusses the way the findings of research on donor recipient similarity support the theoretical postulates. The chapter also describes the applied implications of the research and its place within the context of social psychology. This chapter illustrates that orientation opens the door for a true link between social psychological research and theory on helping and the world of social problems. Knowing recipients' immediate and long-term responses to help are likely to result in an enhanced ability to create helping programs that can truly help the recipient and enable the person to be self-reliant.

The effect of social interactions on calling energetics in the gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor)

Abstract: The vocal behavior of Hyla versicolor was studied in the field by means of behavioral observations and playback experiments, and these data were coupled with measurements of oxygen consumption in calling frogs to estimate the effect of social interactions on calling energetics. Male gray treefrogs have intense calls (median peak SPL=109 dB, fast RMS SPL=100 dB at 50 cm). At an air temperature of 23° C, males produced an average of 1,200–1,300 calls/h for 2–4 h per night. Calling rates and call durations differed among individuals, but were relatively constant for each male during periods of sustained calling. Males in dense choruses gave calls about twice as long as isolated males, but produced calls at about half the rate. Consequently, total calling effort and estimated aerobic costs were largely independent of chorus density. Playbacks of recorded calls to males in the field elicited increases in call duration and decreases in calling rate, regardless of the rate or duration of the stimulus. Males gave longer calls in response to long calls or to stimuli presented at high rates, but they did not precisely match either stimulus rate or duration. Calling effort and estimated oxygen consumption changed only slightly during stimulus playbacks. These results indicate that male-male competition elicits pro-found changes in the vocal behavior of calling males, but these changes have little effect on energy expenditure. We estimated that most calling males had metabolic rates of about 1.7–1.8 ml O2/(g\h), or about 280 J/h for an average size (8.6 g) male at 20° C. Although changes in call duration and calling rate did not affect aerobic costs of calling, males producing long calls at slow rates called for fewer hours per night than males producing shorter calls at higher rates. This suggests that calling time may be limited by the rate at which muscle glycogen reserves are depleted.

On the origin of bacterial resistance to penicillin: comparison of a beta-lactamase and a penicillin target

Abstract: Structural data are now available for comparing a penicillin target enzyme, the D-alanyl-D-alanine-peptidase from Streptomyces R61, with a penicillin-hydrolyzing enzyme, the beta-lactamase from Bacillus licheniformis 749/C. Although the two enzymes have distinct catalytic properties and lack relatedness in their overall amino acid sequences except near the active-site serine, the significant similarity found by x-ray crystallography in the spatial arrangement of the elements of secondary structure provides strong support for earlier hypotheses that beta-lactamases arose from penicillin-sensitive D-alanyl-D-alanine-peptidases involved in bacterial wall peptidoglycan metabolism.

Alcohol-related problems in the primary health care setting: a review of early intervention strategies.

Abstract: Summary This paper reviews conceptual issues and research findings relevant to the secondary prevention of alcohol-related problems in the primary care setting. A discussion of public health concepts and recent epidemiological studies is followed by a review of screening procedures developed to identify individuals at risk. Representative programmes designed to reduce alcohol misuse and treat harmful drinking are summarized. The results of several systematic programme evaluations suggest that modest but reliable effects on drinking behaviour and related problems can follow from brief interventions, especially with the less serious type of problem drinker. The basic elements of these interventions include information giving, brief advice, self-help manuals, self-help groups and periodic monitoring of progress by the health worker. It is concluded that low intensity, brief interventions have much to recommend as the first approach to the problem drinker in the primary care setting.

Sea-air partitioning of mercury in the equatorial pacific ocean.

Abstract: The partitioning of gaseous mercury between the atmosphere and surface waters was determined in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The highest concentrations of dissolved gaseous mercury occurred in cooler, nutrient-rich waters that characterize equatorial upwelling and increased biological productivity at the sea surface. The surface waters were supersaturated with respect to elemental mercury; a significant flux of elemental mercury to the atmosphere is predicted for the equatorial Pacific. When normalized to primary production on a global basis, the ocean effluxes of mercury may rival anthropogenic emissions of mercury to the atmosphere.

Grammatical Inference: Introduction and Survey-Part II

Abstract: Inference of high-dimensional grammars is discussed. Specifically, techniques for inferring tree grammars are briefly presented. The problem of inferring a stochastic grammar to model the behavior of an information source is also introduced and techniques for carrying out the inference process are presented for a class of stochastic finite-state and context-free grammars. The possible practical application of these methods is illustrated by examples.

Effects of sex role identity and sex on definitions of sexual harassment

Abstract: Individuals' own definitions of sexual harassment ultimately influence the success of their companies in responding to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's (EEOC) guidelines against sexual harassment. Previous research has consistently shown that women see more sexual harassment than do men. However, sex differences in definitions of sexual harassment could be explained by sex role identity. Results from a study of undergraduate business students and MBA students holding full-time jobs instead reaffirmed the existence of a sex effect and revealed the presence of a Sex X Masculinity interaction effect. Subjects' femininity had a minor effect on their definitions of sexual harassment.

[m.m]Metallocenophanes: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties

Abstract: Metallocenophanes are metallocenes in which the cyclopentadienyl ligands are linked intramolecularly through CmHn or CmHnX (X = heteroatom) chains. Two main classes of metallocenophanes are known: in [m]metallocenophanes the ligands of one metallocene are connected by a bridge (or by several bridges); in [m.n]metallocenophanes two (or more) metallocenes are brought together into one molecule by bridging groups. This article briefly describes the first class (mononuclear complexes) and then concentrates on the second (binuclear complexes). The [1.1]metallocenophanes, which are produced by linking two metallocene moieties through two C1, bridges, are of particular interest and are characterized by a variety of unusual and useful properties: they are very flexible conformationally; hydride abstraction from the CH2 bridges produces carbenium ions that are greatly stabilized by the adjacent metallocene moieties; deprotonation of one of the CH2 bridges is surprisingly easy and leads to the unusual situation that an intramolecular CHċC hydrogen bond stabilizes a carbanion; protonation of both metallocene moieties causes the liberation of one mole of hydrogen per mole of [1.1]metallocenophane, thereby allowing the use of these compounds as catalysts for the formation of hydrogen in acidic aqueous solutions.

A Rational Basis for a Priori Character Weighting

Abstract: Previously presented arguments for and against character weighting in systematic analyses are briefly reviewed and the bases for different weighting methods summarized. A priori and a posteriori methods are defined. I conclude that a priori weighting is the only noncircular approach for weighting of characters in the construction or recognition of groups of taxa, but that no objective method of a priori weighting has been proposed to date. A hy- pothetico-deductive methodology for character analysis completely prior to and independent of cladistic analysis (or phylogeny reconstruction) is briefly summarized. Identifications and characters are shown to be hypotheses testable prior to the construction of a cladogram. In that context, rather than attempting to weight on intrinsic properties of characters as suggested up to now, weighting on the basis of the relative degree of corroboration of the character in the character analysis provides a rational basis for character weighting if character conflicts occur in the cladistic analysis. (Character analysis; cladistic analysis; character weighting; phylogenetic analysis.) Two questions have traditionally been addressed in the evaluation of character weighting methods in systematic analysis. One is: can we judge the importance or reliability of a character's contribution to our estimates of relationships among taxa and, if so, how can we do so? The second question is: even if we can judge a char-

The Social Relations Model: An integrative method for personality research

Abstract: As outlined by Snyder and Ickes (1985), the study of personality can be undertaken using one of three research approaches dispositional, situational, and interactive We show how the Social Relations Model provides an integrative method to estimate simultaneously dispositional, situational, and interactive effects Reviewed are component approaches to the study of personality The Social Relations Model is shown to be a component model (a special case of generalizability theory) applied in a social interaction context In the model, dispositional, situational, and interactive effects are termed actor, partner, and relationship effects, respectively The Social Relations Model can be used to answer a number of important issues in personality research The model can be used to assess reliability, measure the validity of self-ratings, and validate self-report inventories The model requires special designs in winch each person interacts with multiple partners Empirical examples are presented in which social anxiety, sex role inventories, and self-disclosure are studied