Showing papers by "University of Geneva published in 1976"
TL;DR: The monetary approach as mentioned in this paper uses monetary rather than multiplier and market stability tools to introduce stocks as well as current expenditure flows into the adjustment process so that payments disequilibria are transitory and conditional on domestic monetary policy.
531 citations
01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: The interpretation of quantum theory has always been a source of difficulties, especially with regard to the theory of measurement as mentioned in this paper, and the polemic which has surrounded this problem can be found here.
Abstract: The interpretation of quantum theory has always been a source of difficulties, especially with regard to the theory of measurement. We do not intend to enter here into the details of the polemic which has surrounded this problem. The article by London and Bauer [1] is an excellent introduction to the subject, and Wigner’s masterly exposition [2] which opened the summer-school of Varenna in 1970, clearly brings into evidence different points of view in the controversy.
272 citations
TL;DR: Both the volume density and number of somatostatin- and glucagon-containing cells were significantly increased in the islets of juvenile-type human diabetics and of streptozotocin diabetic rats.
Abstract: Insulin-, glucagon-, and somatostatin-contianing cells, identified by immunofluorescent staining, were quantitated morphometrically in sections of pancreas obtained from diabetic and nondiabetic humans and rats. Both the volume density and number of somatostatin- and glucagon-containing cells were significantly increased in the islets of juvenile-type human diabetics and of streptozotocin diabetic rats.
264 citations
TL;DR: This inverse relationship between glucagon and PP-cells in different parts of the pancreas means that caution must be exercised when interpreting functional or morphological observations using different pancreatic fractions.
183 citations
181 citations
TL;DR: With convalescence the serum levels of T3, tetrac, and T4 recover while reverse T3 decreases to normal, indicating maintenance of euthyroidism throughout disease.
171 citations
TL;DR: Chemical analysis shows that granulation tissues produced in the rat by subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil or polyvynile sponge implantation contain a high proportion of Type III collagen, a genetically distinct collagen normally associated with embryonic dermal tissue.
Abstract: In granulation tissue produced in the rat by subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil or polyvynile sponge implantation, the great majority of fibroblasts (myofibro blasts) possess a contractile apparatus which makes them similar to smooth-muscle cells. Chemical analysis shows that these granulation tissues contain a high proportion of Type III collagen, a genetically distinct collagen normally associated with embryonic dermal tissue. Type III collagen may persist up to 9 months after sponge implantation and myofibroblasts are seen in granulation tissue by means of electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. When granulation tissue is resorbed 50 days after turpentine oil injection, myofibroblasts disappear and the dermis contains Type I collagen. The concurrent presence of myofibro blasts and Type III collagen suggests that myofibroblasts, in addition to their contractile activity, synthetize, at least in part, type III collagen.
154 citations
TL;DR: Discrete cells containing neurotensin, as shown by immunofluorescence, have been observed in the lower portion of the dog ileum, implying that neurotensIn may be synthesized in the small intestine and may be involved in local regulation of intestinal functions.
134 citations
TL;DR: Generalizability theory, as developed by Cronbach, Gleser, Nanda and Rajaratnam (1972), offers a more comprehensive and coherent framework than classical psychometric theory for the study of educational and psychological measurement as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Generalizability theory, as developed by Cronbach, Gleser, Nanda and Rajaratnam (1972), offers a more comprehensive and coherent framework than classical psychometric theory for the study of educational and psychological measurement. Nevertheless, these authors retain, at least in the examples they present, the traditional preoccupation of psychometrics, i.e., achieving the best possible differentiation of the persons tested. We would like to show that such a limitation is unnecessary and that generalizability theory provides a powerful descriptive and analytic tool for other kinds of problems, where persons are not the central object of study. Curriculum evaluation, in particular, implies differentiation of educational objectives, of learning situations, of stages of progress, etc.. In these cases, the between-subjects variability is more detrimental than helpful to the clarity of the results. When research focuses on the conditions of measurement rather than on persons measured, it becomes necessary to transpose the dimensions of the measurement design so as to differentiate conditions while generalizing over persons. In order to clarify the way in which the dimensions of a design need to be treated, depending on the measurement problem under study, some new concepts must be introduced, in particular, the notions of face of differentiation and face of generalization as complementary aspects of a measurement design. After introducing these concepts, an example will be presented, in order to show how the tools of generalizability theory may be extended to deal with a wide variety of measurement questions. Although implicit in the model of Cronbach, these extensions are not customary and can profitably be presented as suggestions for further research.
129 citations
TL;DR: A critical analysis of the proposed methods of adapting drug dosage in renal insufficiency is presented and it is shown that all patients with renal disease must be monitored closely, particularly for signs of unexpected drug toxicity.
Abstract: Patients with renal insufficiency often react abnormally to a number of drugs. Small doses that are safe under normal conditions may cause severe and even fatal side-effects. As a consequence, modification of the usual drug dosage of these drugs is required in renal insufficiency. Since the risk of retention concerns only those drugs which are mainly excreted by the kidney, it is possible to establish a mathematical relationship between glomerular filtration rate and the rate of drug elimination. These relationships serve as a basis for the determination of the proper dosage regimen for the individual patient. Such dosage adaptation for intermittent drug administration can be obtained by two methods and a series of compromises between them: (1) increase of the dosage interval without changing the dose, and (2) reduction of the dose without changing the frequency of administration.
113 citations
TL;DR: Based on absolute molecular weight standards, obtained from sequenced rRNA of Escherichia coli and tRNA and extrapolating to higher molecular weights the size of animal cell was reexamined and seems to represent the largest size of non-viral animal-cell RNA molecules.
Abstract: A method for electrophoretic analysis of RNA under fully denaturing conditions on exponential gradient polyacrylamide gels is described. Full denaturation, and strand separation of DNA - RNA hybrids and double-stranded RNA is obtained in dry formamide only if electrophoresis is carried out at 45 degrees and 55 degrees C, respectively. In such conditions, the effects of secondary structure of RNA, important in aqueous medium, are suppressed and a linear correlation is obtained between the logarithm of the molecular weight of an RNA and its final position in the gel over the entire molecular weight range of 10(4) - 10(7). Based on absolute molecular weight standards, obtained from sequenced rRNA of Escherichia coli and tRNA and extrapolating to higher molecular weights the size of animal cell was reexamined. Precursor tRNA from HeLa cells migrates according to a molecular weight of 4.1 x 10(6). Nascent precursor mRNA has molecular weights of up to 5 x 10(6) in the case of duck erythroblasts and of up to 10(7) in HeLa cells. This seems to represent the largest size of non-viral animal-cell RNA molecules.
TL;DR: Why the nephrotoxicity of sisomicin or gentamicin involves chiefly the cortex, increases with the length of the treatment and can persist for several weeks after the last injection is explained.
TL;DR: Serum rT3 was found to be increased in hyperthyroidism but also in acute and chronic illness and in anorexia nervosa and a metabolic control of thyroxine deiodination is suggested.
Abstract: Serum 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine (rT3) was measured with a radioimmunoassay in unextracted serum. The assay was specific and reproducible. The coefficients of variation for 3 different sera known for high, normal, and low rT3 concentrations between assays were 4, 6, and 9% and within assays 4, 9, and 7%, respectively. In euthyroid subjects 20 to 60 years, old, rT3 was 450 ± 200 pg/ml (mean ± 2 SD, n = 83). Serum rT3 was found to be increased in hyperthyroidism (range: 762-2581 pg/ml; n = 11) but also in acute and chronic illness (up to 2400 pg/ml; n = 24) and in anorexia nervosa (536–1058 pg/ml; n = 7). In the latter two situations there was mostly an inverse change in serum 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) which was in the low normal range or decreased. These findings suggest a metabolic control of thyroxine deiodination. A low serum rT3 was found in 9 of 12 hypothyroid patients and in the serum of 1 chronically ill patient. Long-term treatment (1–7 years) with lithium carbonate slightly reduced serum rT3, alt...
TL;DR: In this article, the non-leading particles in pp collisions are fitted by a simple general formula, and the contributions from the ϱ0, ω, φ, and Jψ decays to the direct lepton spectra are calculated.
TL;DR: The detailed structure of the 3D photoelectron signals of cerium(III), praseodymium (III), and neodynium( III) is mainly due to J-level distribution in intermediate coupling of 3d 9 4f q ( q = 1, 2, 3), superposed on satellites (due to electron transfer) as known from lanthanum(III) compounds.
TL;DR: The factors which seem to have a definite influence upon the phenomenon of creeping attachment are the following: width of the recession, position of the graft, bone resorption,position of the tooth and hygiene of the patient.
Abstract: Free gingival grafts were placed in the lower anterior vestibular region of 30 patients each of whom had a gingival recession. According to the width of the recession and to the surgical procedure, the patients were divided into four groups. Group 1 showed a "narrow" (less than 3 mm) type of recession, while Group 2 had a "wide" type. In both of these groups the graft was placed over the denuded root. In Group 3 (narrow recession) and Group 4 (wide), a collar of vestibular gingiva was left in place on the lower margin of the denuded root at the moment of grafting. Measurements and photographs taken before and 1 month after surgery, 6 months and 2 years postoperatively, showed varying degrees of root covering by the phenomenon of creeping attachment. An optimal recovery of the gingival profile was obtained in the three patients of Group 1. In the other categories of patients the creeping of the attachment apparatus was relatively small (between 0 and 33%) within the 2 years of observation. The factors which seem to have a definite influence upon the phenomenon of creeping attachment are the following: width of the recession, position of the graft, bone resorption, position of the tooth and hygiene of the patient.
TL;DR: Data suggest that the gastric oxyntic mucosa contains cells indistinguishable cytologically, cytochemically, and immunocytochemically from pancreatic A cells, and it is believed that gastric A cells are responsible for the secretion of the Gastric glucagon.
Abstract: An immunocytochemical technique using specific antiglucagon serum reveals the presence of glucagon-containing cells situated exclusively in the oxyntic glandular mucosa of the dog stomach. Electron microscope examination of the mucosa demonstrated endocrine cells containing secretory granules with a round dense core surrounded by a clear halo, indistinguishable from secretory granules of pancreatic A cells. Like the alpha granules of pancreatic A cells, the granules of these gastric endocrine cells exhibited a peripheral distribution of silver grains after Grimelius silver staining. Moreover, the granules of these cells were found to be specifically labeled with reaction product, using the peroxidase immunocytochemical technique at the ultrastructural level. Accordingly, these cells were named gastric A cells. These data suggest that the gastric oxyntic mucosa contains cells indistinguishable cytologically, cytochemically, and immunocytochemically from pancreatic A cells. It is believed that gastric A cells are responsible for the secretion of the gastric glucagon.
TL;DR: In this article, a quark gluon theory is converted into an equivalent bilocal field theory describing infinitely many composite "hadrons" and the bilocal fields incorporate naturally structure functions and Regge trajectories.
TL;DR: The developing nephrons of human and rat kidney contain a wide spectrum of junctional specializations detectable in freeze—fracture replicas, and tight junctions are found which closely resemble those previously described in similar segments of the adult nephron.
TL;DR: A new feature of the PN approach to the solution of the Schrodinger equation is reported, namely, the remarkable stability of the present PN algorithm against the round off errors.
TL;DR: In a recent paper as discussed by the authors, Hairer-Wanner et al. gave a theory with which it is easy to calculate the order conditions for Nystrom methods, and showed how it is possible to solve this system of non-linear algebraic equations.
Abstract: In a recent paper (Hairer-Wanner [1]) we have given a theory with which it is easy to calculate the order conditions for Nystrom methods. Here we show how it is possible to solve this system of non-linear algebraic equations. Moreover we present all methods of orders fors=2, 3, 4 (s?1 indicates the number of function evaluations per step); methods with one parameter of orders fors=5, 6 and some special methods of orders?1 fors=8, 9.
Dans un recent article (Hairer-Wanner [1]) nous avons donne une theorie a l'aide de laquelle on peut facilement calculer les conditions d'ordre pour une methode de Nystrom. Ici nous montrons comment on peut resoudre ce systeme d'equations non-lineaires. Nous donnons de plus toutes les methodes d'ordres pours=2, 3, 4 (ous?1 indique le nombre d'evaluations de la fonction a chaque pas); des methodes avec un parametre d'ordres pours=5, 6 et des methodes particulieres d'ordres?1 pours=8, 9.
TL;DR: In this paper, the A15 phase field in the system V-Ga was investigated by DTA and photomicroscopy, in order to determine the appropriate annealing conditions for inducing a maximum disorder in this compound by argon-jet quenching.
Abstract: The A15 phase field in the system V-Ga was investigated by DTA and photomicroscopy, in order to determine the appropriate annealing conditions for inducing a maximum disorder in this compound by argon-jet quenching. The conditions of formation of a single-phase V3Ga alloy were studied. The long range order (LRO) parameter, S, of V3Ga has been refined from X-ray and neutron diffraction data obtained on the same sample after two greatly different heat treatments. To the values of the superconducting transition temperature, Tc = 14.9 Kand 13.8 K, respectively, corresponding to these heat treatments, the following LRO parameters were determined: S = 0.982 ± 0.010, and S = 0.955 ± 0.010 (neutron diffraction), S = 0.972 ± 0.03 and S = 0.924 ± 0.03, respectively (X-ray diffraction, MoKα radiation). A comparison between the temperature factor of V3Ga and that of other A15 type compounds shows a substantial difference between the values of high Tc superconductors such as V3Ga, V3Si, Nb3Al and Nb3Sn, and those of non super-conductors, such as V3Co and Cr3Si.
TL;DR: Results indicate that an activation of dopamine systems in the brain is partly involved not only in behavioral activation, but also in cortical activation of waking and paradoxical sleep.
TL;DR: In the transformed cells and late in productive infection, viral RNA sequences in the cytoplasm are a specific subset of those in the nucleus.
Abstract: The DNA strand origin of nuclear and cytoplasmic polyoma-specific RNA in productively infected mouse cells and in a line of polyoma-transformed hamster cells was determined by hybridization of unlabeled RNA with radioactively labeled separated strands of polyoma DNA. Early in the productive cycle (10 h postinfection) nuclear viral RNA is complementary to only about 40% of the E strand of viral CNA. No RNA complementary to the L strand was detected even when the RNA was first self-annealed to enrich for possible minor species. Early cytoplasmic RNA is complementary to the same 40% of the E strand. Thus, only that part of the poloma genome which codes for early virual messenger RNA appears to be transcribed. Late in infection, nuclear viral RNA is complementary to most or all of the L strand and to at least 60% of the E strand. Late cytoplasmic viral RNA hybridizes to 40 to 45% of the E strand and 50 to 55% of the L strand. The transformed cell nuclear viral RNA is complementary to 60% of the E strand, whereas cytoplasmic RNA is complementary to 40% of the E strand and comprises the same polyoma-specific sequences as are found in RNA early in productive infection. No L strand transcripts could be detected. Thus, in the transformed cells and late in productive infection, viral RNA sequences in the cytoplasm are a specific subset of those in the nucleus.
TL;DR: Pellicles of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis strain GL (phenoset A) were isolated by a new procedure and oral apparatuses also purified by a modification of a pervious method, and bands D and E were greatly enriched in the oral apparatus fraction; these proteins are believed to be present primarily in the Oral apparatus.
Abstract: Pellicles of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis strain GL (phenoset A) were isolated by a new procedure. Oral apparatuses also purified by a modification of a pervious method. Both preparations were characterized by electron microsocpy. Proteins of the isolates were separated by analytical SDD polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isolated pellicles, which included oral apparatuses, contained only 6 major proteins (gel bands), designated A through F. Bands A, B, and C, were found in the pellicle fraction, but not in the oral apparatus fraction. Therefore, these proteins are believed to be present in the somatic cortex of Tetrahymena. Bands D and E were greatly enriched in the oral apparatus fraction; these proteins are therefore believed to be present primarily in the oral apparatus. Band F, identified as tubulin, was present in both preparations. Molecular weight determinations and some selective solubilization experiments are also presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the K + meson was observed to have branching ratios of (10±3) ×10 −7 and (2 +2 −2 )×10−7 respectively.
TL;DR: The functional significance of the large amount of nuclear and cytoplasmic glycogen and numerous shell globule clusters is analyzed and some conclusions, concerning the interrelationship between the vitellogenesis pattern and the type of embryogenesis following it, are drawn.
TL;DR: The apparent uncoupling of ββ′ from α subunit synthesis seen in the β′ mutants at 42°C might suggest that the synthesis of these subunits is at least in part controlled by different mechanisms.
Abstract: Bacteria with specific temperature sensitive lethal mutations in the gene for the β′ subunit of RNA polymerase synthesize both the β and β′ subunits at a several fold higher rate at 42°C than wildtype cells relative to total protein. Synthesis of the α and σ subunits proceeds at essentially the wild-type rates under these conditions. In contrast, a mutant with a temperature sensitive lethal mutation in the β subunit gene synthesizes β and β′ at 42°C at slightly lower rates than wild-type, while α and σ synthesis is not significantly altered. In all of the mutants at 42°C, newly synthesized α subunits are stable, while the β, β′ and σ subunits are rapidly degraded. The apparent uncoupling of ββ′ from α subunit synthesis seen in the β′ mutants at 42°C might suggest that the synthesis of these subunits is at least in part controlled by different mechanisms.