Showing papers by "University of New South Wales published in 1971"
TL;DR: In this paper, the non-linear optical polarization of an isolated atom or molecule is treated, giving careful consideration to secular and resonant terms in the perturbation expansion, and the Method of Averages introduced by Bogoliubov and Mitropolsky is used.
Abstract: The non-linear optical polarization of an isolated atom or molecule is treated, giving careful consideration to secular and resonant terms in the perturbation expansion. The Method of Averages introduced by Bogoliubov and Mitropolsky is used. The case where resonance-induced excited state populations are negligible, which is relevant to a wide range of non-linear optical experiments, is examined in detail for polarizations through third order in the perturbing fields. This yields concise expressions which are valid for any combination of applied field frequencies, including static fields.
1,184 citations
230 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that most of the world's marginal seas date from Early to Late Tertiary and appear to have been formed by rifting, and that they are usually bounded on the oceanic side by andesitic volcanic arcs and trenches.
195 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect in an Al-Mg-Si alloy and found that at high strain rates, e > 10−3 min−1, and room temperature, the periodic locking form of serrated flow was observed, which resulted from repeated Luder's band initiation and propagation along the specimen gauge length.
167 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method of distance-type protection suitable for on-line digital computer protection of transmission lines, based on the predictive calculation of peak fault current and voltage from a small number of sample values.
Abstract: The paper proposes a method of distance-type protection suitable for on-line digital computer protection of transmission lines. The basic principle is the predictive calculation of peak fault current and voltage from a small number of sample values. The magnitudes of various sources of error are discussed. The results of experimental work on a model transmission line and on a high- voltage transmission system are described. The calculation times for implementation in real time are estimated.
160 citations
TL;DR: There is no evidence that the condition has a neuralgic basis, and it is suggested that the misleading designation “migrainous neuralgia” be replaced by the descriptive term “cluster headache”, until such time as the aetiology is fully understood.
144 citations
TL;DR: Sclerotia have been found to survive under adverse environmental conditions for long periods and their viability is retained at low and subzero temperatures, while it is progressively reduced at temperatures above about 15° C.
Abstract: Summary
1. Sclerotia have been found to survive under adverse environmental conditions for long periods. Their viability is retained at low and subzero temperatures, while it is progressively reduced at temperatures above about 15° C. Dry conditions and lack of competition from other organisms favour survival. Depletion of food reserves results in loss of resistance to environmental factors.
2. The majority of sclerotia consist of an outer layer of thickened, close-fitting, often pigmented cells that form a rind over a tissue of closely interwoven hyphae. A cortex and medulla is often discernible.
3. Features of sclerotia that are important in overcoming the harmful effects of desiccation and extremes of temperature include: the presence of a rind and sometimes an additional covering of either fungal or host tissue; the compact nature of the sclerotium; miscellaneous protectants on the surface of and in the hyphae; melanized hyphal walls; high intracellular osmotic concentrations; slow air-drying to lower moisture content. Also the buffering action of the soil and the protection afforded by vegetation and plant debris are important.
4. The active exudation of water, the accumulation and secretion of soluble carbohydrates during sclerotium development and maturation, and the formation of large amounts of mucilage are of significance in resistance to desiccation, extremes of temperature and radiations.
5. The nature and the pigmentation of the rind together with the site of sclerotium development may give protection against harmful radiations.
6. The loss of sclerotium viability caused by toxic chemicals in the soil and atmosphere or by the enzymic activities of other organisms is reduced by the rind and the melanization of hyphal walls.
7. Survival under starvation conditions is achieved by the accumulation of abundant food reserves (lipids and/or carbohydrates) and a low level of metabolic activity. In the presence of a compatible host exogenous sources of energy are sometimes used.
8. Although the sclerotium is highly adapted to survive adverse conditions for long periods, sometimes micro-environmental conditions may be so severe that only a few sclerotia can retain their viability. However, even a few such comparatively large bodies, rich in food reserves, have a considerable inoculum potential.
140 citations
TL;DR: This paper attempts a reassessment of the arterial pressure pulse in the light of advances which have been made since publication of Mackenzie’s classic book and points out some of the anomalies.
132 citations
TL;DR: The Eltanin data are supplemented by geophysical data from Lamont-Doherty ships, from Australian, French and Japanese sources, and from aeromagnetic tracks as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: SINCE mid-1968, the National Science Foundation research vessel Eltanin has operated south of Australia on a systematic geological, geophysical, and oceanographic reconnaissance. North–south tracks at a spacing of 5° longitude or closer transect the area of interest from 140° E to 105° E. The Eltanin data are supplemented by geophysical data from Lamont–Doherty ships, from Australian, French and Japanese sources, and from aeromagnetic tracks.
128 citations
TL;DR: A species of tRNAGly from Staphylococcus epidermidis, which participates in peptidoglycan synthesis but not in protein synthesis, has been purified to homogeneity and contains only a single modified base.
Abstract: A species of tRNAGly from Staphylococcus epidermidis, which participates in peptidoglycan synthesis but not in protein synthesis, has been purified to homogeneity. It contains only a single modified base, 4-thiouridine.
104 citations
TL;DR: Results indicated that the combined programme was superior, to single-model approaches, obtaining significant reductions in migraine attacks in both investigations.
TL;DR: Differences in the amino-acid sequences of corresponding globin proteins have been used to calculate when marsupials and eutherians diverged in evolution.
Abstract: Differences in the amino-acid sequences of corresponding globin proteins have been used to calculate when marsupials and eutherians diverged in evolution.
TL;DR: This analysis used electrophoresis of red blood cell haemolysates on cellulose acetate to identify electrophoretic phenotypes of euros and red kangaroo populations, which were characterized by a single slow moving band and those of wallaroos had a single fast moving band.
Abstract: THE production of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 11149, G6PD) in human1, horse and donkey2 and brown and blue hare3 cells is governed by genes carried by the X chromosome. Two electrophoretic forms of G6PD have been found in wallaroos and euros (Macropus robustus Gould) and one in red kangaroos (Macropus rufus (Desm.)); members of the marsupial family Macropodidae (kangaroos). This analysis used electrophoresis of red blood cell haemolysates on cellulose acetate4. No polymorphic populations were found5 but electrophoretic phenotypes of euros (Macropus robustus erubescens Sclater) were characterized by a single slow moving band (G6PD-S) while those of wallaroos (Macropus r. robustus Gould) had a single fast moving band (G6PD-F). Red kangaroo populations were uniformly G6PD-S.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined a region of rapidly varied flow in a two-layered density stratified system with one layer flowing, and the other stationary, and showed that the rate of entrainment of ambient fluid into a density jump, and conditions downstream of the jump, are determined by the downstream control and the upsteam conditions.
Abstract: This paper examines a region of rapidly varied flow in a two-layered density stratified system with one layer flowing, and the other stationary. The analogous phenomenon in open channel hydraulics is the hydraulic jump. In density stratified flows the phenomenon is referred to as a density jump because it is generally accompanied by a change in density of the flowing layer.It is shown there is a fundamental difference between the hydraulic jump and the density jump in that flow conditions on either side of a density jump are not uniquely related. A density jump with given flow conditions upstream has a range of possible states which may be attained downstream. The rate of entrainment of ambient fluid into a density jump, and the conditions downstream of the jump, are determined by the downstream control and the upsteam conditions. The particular case of a density jump controlled by a broad crested weir downstream is examined in detail.
TL;DR: In this article, the reaction of hydrazinium dithiocarbazate with the appropriate metal salt has been shown to yield high-spin nickel(II) complexes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the pyridine-2-aldehyde Schiff base S-methyl-N-(2-pyridyl)methylendithiocarbazate, C5H4NCHNN-C(SMe)SH (N-N-SH), forms the square-planar 1:1 complexes [M(N(N))X] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu; X = Cl, Br, I, NCS, or NO3) and the octahedral 2:
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report numerical calculations of proton spectra for three separable potential models of the three-body break-up reaction n+d → n+n+p, at a neutron laboratory energy of 144 MeV.
TL;DR: Although rare, tuberous sclerosis should be kept in mind in the diagnosis of patients with progressive pulmonary infiltrations of uncertain etiology, cystic lung disease and spontaneous pneumothorax, so that the patient may present purely as a respiratory problem.
Abstract: Tuberous sclerosis is caused by a genetic defect, which leads to the abnormal development of mesodermal tissues. It is characterized by the classical triad of epilepsy, mental retardation, and a specific skin lesion, adenoma sebaceum. Incomplete forms of the defect, with mild deviation from normal, are being increasingly recognized. Pulmonary involvement is rare, with 31 cases documented. Three additional patients, two males and one female, are reported and the literature reviewed. Pulmonary involvement is more common in females (84 per cent). The average age of onset of respiratory symptoms is 34 years, with an average duration of disease of five years and average age at death 43 years. Exertional dyspnoea is the major symptom. Chest X-ray appearances vary from a fine reticular infiltration to multi-cystic changes. Cor pulmonale and spontaneous pneumothorax are the most common cause of death. Fifty-four per cent of the cases reported have average or above average intelligence.
Although rare, tuberous sclerosis should be kept in mind in the diagnosis of patients with progressive pulmonary infiltrations of uncertain etiology, cystic lung disease and spontaneous pneumothorax. Intelligence is often normal, so that the patient may present purely as a respiratory problem. The pulmonary lesion is frequently the cause of death.
TL;DR: The findings in the patients with ischaemic heart disease are consistent with the hypothesis that dipyridamole produced a shunting of blood away from ischaemia areas in the myocardium by reducing coronary vascular resistance more in well perfused areas than in ischaememic areas–a “coronary steal” effect.
Abstract: Summary: We studied thirteen patients before and after a five-minute infusion of intravenous dipyridamole (Persantin) (0.6 mg/kg). In ten patients with no evidence of ischaemic heart disease there were only modest increases in cardiac output (+17%) and heart rate (+16%), and decreases in systemic resistance (-24%), pulmonary capillary pressure (-19%), and mean blood pressure (-10%), five minutes after dipyridamole. Values returned towards control levels ten minutes later; there were no symptoms. By contrast, two patients with ischaemic heart disease developed acute coronary insufficiency after dipyridamole. ECG changes indicated acute ischaemia in the region of the previous infarct. Used diagnostically in a third patient, with the patient's consent, dipyridamole produced symptoms and haemodynamic changes of angina pectoris.
We concluded that dipyridamole caused moderate peripheral vasodilatation in the patients without evidence of coronary artery disease. The findings in the patients with ischaemic heart disease are consistent with the hypothesis that dipyridamole produced a shunting of blood away from ischaemic areas in the myocardium by reducing coronary vascular resistance more in well perfused areas than in ischaemic areas–a “coronary steal” effect.
Recent reports suggest that dipyridamole (Persantin) reduces platelet aggregation1–4. This effect has been the rationale for the use of dipyridamole with anticoagulants in the prevention of thromboembolic complications of prosthetic valve replacement5 and in the treatment of acute renal failure due to glomerulonephritis6 and rejection of the transplanted kidney7.
It is possible that repeated attacks of “crescendo” angina pectoris and acute coronary insufficiency, which frequently culminate in myocardial infarction, could be due to recurrent embolisation of platelet aggregates forming on an atheromatous plaque in a major coronary vessel. If this hypothesis is correct, infusions of dipyridamole might be useful therapeutically. We undertook a study of the effects of dipyridamole on plateletss and in the course of this we noted important and unexpected circulatory effects of the drug in two patients with coronary artery disease. This prompted us to investigate the circulatory effects of dipyridamole and this paper reports our findings; some of the results have already been recorded briefly9,10.
TL;DR: It is suggested that this drug has a non-specific depressant action on spinal synapses, its effect therefore being manifested in polysynaptic pathways, possibly by activation of “presynaptic” inhibitory mechanisms.
TL;DR: In this article, a two-phase matrix-microfibril model was proposed to increase the segmental mobility of the molecular structure of the matrix and the mechanical equilibrium between matrix and microfibrils is taken to exist for the wet wool fiber, rather than the dry fiber.
Abstract: At 20°C and for all moisture contents, the mechanical behavior of wool fibers up to 1% extension in the Hookean region is linear viscoelastic. The equilibrium Young's modulus, based on the wet cross-sectional area of the wool fiber, is inde pendent of moisture content and is equal to 1.4X 1010 dynes-cm2. The dynamic or transient behavior of a fiber at any moisture content at 20°C can be replaced by a spring contributing a fixed stiffness of 1.4X 1010 dynes/cm2 to the dynamic Young's modulus together with a viscous dashpot in parallel and having moisture-dependent characteristics. The action of water, which in the original two-phase matrix-microfibril model, was proposed to weaken the matrix, must now be con sidered to increase the segmental mobility of the molecular structure of the matrix. Further, mechanical equilibrium between matrix and microfibril is taken to exist for the wet wool fiber, rather than the dry fiber.
TL;DR: This paper is addressed to problems to establish criteria that distinguish between stuttering and normal speech and to evaluate empirically the relation of the final result to normal speech.
Abstract: Stutterers come for help because their disorder of speech is a nuisance that impedes their ability to communicate and generates unpleasant affects when they contemplate doing what normal speakers accomplish easily. Successful treatment should enable them to speak normally and be able to use this speech to interact with their environment in the same way that normal speakers do, and be as confident or as anxious as normal speakers find themselves as the speaking situation varies. In any treatment programme therefore there are three problems. Firstly, to establish criteria that distinguish between stuttering and normal speech, secondly, to be able to measure the severity of the disorder and the subsequent progress towards normality and thirdly, to be able to evaluate empirically the relation of the final result to normal speech. This paper is addressed to these problems.
TL;DR: Changes in jejunal lactase activity were accompanied by similar alterations in both sucrase and maltase activities, while there was no alteration in another brush border enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, which was taken to be evidence for a brush border location.
TL;DR: In this article, a piezoelectric mass detector was used to intercept the Fe beam and restore a (1 × 1) LEED pattern and partially restore the Si Auger spectra.
TL;DR: Field observations have shown a lower incidence of sunscald in light coloured fruits of Capsicum annuum (“green” peppers) and Cucurbita pepo (marrow or squash) and the genetically white or ivory varieties show a total reflectivity to solar radiation of about 60% whilst the dark green varieties reflect only 25–35% of incident solar energy.
TL;DR: The results strongly suggest that the enzyme activity in the cytoplasmic fraction of rat liver homogenates is partly due to a soluble α-mannosidase distinct from the lysosomal enzyme.
TL;DR: Inflammatory and haemostatic functions were assessed simultaneously in patients with serum paraproteins in order to establish a baseline level of inflammation and establish a histopathological profile of the immune system.
Abstract: Summary.
Inflammatory and haemostatic functions were assessed simultaneously in 16 patients with serum paraproteins.
Skin window responses were severely depressed in 10; neutrophil phagocytosis was reduced in five. Platelet function was abnormal in 10 and inhibitors of blood coagulation were found in four. Whereas the changes in platelet function appeared to be more concentration-dependent, abnormal skin window responses occurred at all concentrations of paraprotein. The effect on coagulation and neutrophil phagocytosis appears to be specific for a given paraprotein. Study of isolated γG paraproteins showed this depression of cell function to be markedly concentration-dependent.
Haemostatic defects were corrected by plasmapheresis. Clinical infection and bleeding were prevalent only in patients with levels of paraprotein in excess of 5 g/100 ml, despite abnormal test results at lower concentrations.