Showing papers by "University of Oregon published in 1978"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated an alternative technique, in which psychometric procedures were used to elicit quantitative judgments of perceived risk, acceptable risk, and perceived benefit for each of 30 activities and technologies.
Abstract: One of the fundamental questions addressed by risk-benefit analysis is “How safe is safe enough?” Chauncey Starr has proposed that economic data be used to reveal patterns of acceptable risk-benefit tradeoffs. The present study investigates an alternative technique, in which psychometric procedures were used to elicit quantitative judgments of perceived risk, acceptable risk, and perceived benefit for each of 30 activities and technologies. The participants were seventy-six members of the League of Women Voters. The results indicated little systematic relationship between perceived existing risks and benefits of the 30 risk items. Current risk levels were generally viewed as unacceptably high. When current risk levels were adjusted to what would be considered acceptable risk levels, however, risk was found to correlate with benefit. Nine descriptive attributes of risk were also studied. These nine attributes seemed to tap two basic dimensions of risk. These dimensions proved to be effective predictors of the tradeoff between acceptable risk and perceived benefit. The limitations of the present study and the relationship between this technique and Starr's technique are discussed, along with the implications of the findings for policy decisions.
2,535 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the symmetry breaking pattern of an SU(2) U(1) gauge model with two Higgs doublets and found the phenomenon of spin-zero leptons to be a very general one and obtained a solution previously obtained by one of them as a limiting case.
Abstract: We analyze fully the pattern of symmetry breaking of an SU(2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} U(1) gauge model with two Higgs doublets. We find the phenomenon of spin-zero leptons to be a very general one, and obtain a solution previously obtained by one of us as a limiting case.
860 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented initial validation data for a behavioral inventory of child conduct problems, the 36-item Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) was completed by mothers of two to seven-year-old children from several samples of problem and non-problem behavior children.
Abstract: This paper presents initial validation data for a behavioral inventory of child conduct problems. The 36‐item Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) was completed by mothers of two‐ to seven‐year‐old children from several samples of problem and non‐problem behavior children. Results from this study indicated the usefulness of the ECBI in discriminating between problem and non‐problem children, for purposes of evaluation; provided data on the non‐problem child as a guideline in defining reasonable therapeutic goals; and demonstrated the ability of the ECBI to reflect the change following treatment intervention.
616 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relative predictive powers of job attachment and job satisfaction with respect to turnover among a sample of public employees were compared, and individual and job-related influences on both attitudes were examined.
397 citations
TL;DR: Fagot et al. as discussed by the authors found that parents reacted significantly more favorably to the child when the child was engaged in a same-sex-preferred behavior and were more likely to give negative responses to cross-sex preferred behaviors.
Abstract: FAGOT, BEVERLY I. The Influence of Sex of Child on Parental Reactions to Toddler Children. CHLD DEVELOPMENT, 1978, 49, 459-465. Toddler children and their parents were observed in their homes using an observation checklist of 46 child behaviors and 19 reactions by parents. The parent behaviors were categorized as positive, negative, or neutral, and parental reactions to specific child behaviors were examined to determine if the sex of the child or the actual behavior influenced the type of parental reaction. It was found that parents reacted significantly more favorably to the child when the child was engaged in a same-sex-preferred behavior and were more likely to give negative responses to cross-sex-preferred behaviors. Parents gave girls more negative responses when engaged in active, large motor activities. They gave girls more positive responses when they engaged in adult-oriented, dependent behavior. No difference in parental reaction toward boys and girls was present for aggressive behavior. Parents' self-report data and the observation of parents' reactions did not correlate highly.
327 citations
TL;DR: The addition of polyamines with three or four positive charges to very dilute solutions of phage T7 DNA leads to a co-operative condensation which is very rapid and the DNA remains in the B-form as characterized by circular dichroism.
326 citations
TL;DR: Purified bacteriophage T7 DNA and spermidine, when mixed in a medium containing 1 m m -NaCl and 1 m -sodium cacodylate and observed under the electron microscope, showed round, compact structures of uniform size, indicating the degree of compactness approaches that present inside the phage head, though the exact structure and dimensions depend on the specimen preparation method.
297 citations
Book•
24 Apr 1978TL;DR: In this article, an exhaustive, in-depth review of the research literature covers five major areas of nonverbal communication: facial expression, nonverbal vocal behavior, kinesics, visual behavior, and proxemics.
Abstract: This exhaustive, in-depth review of the research literature covers five major areas--facial expression, nonverbal vocal behavior, kinesics, visual behavior, and proxemics. Analyzes major psychological research methods in each area. Then reviews the bulk of published findings up to 1976, presenting these studies in sections on the various channels of nonverbal communication. Each chapter is followed by a complete list of references specific to the topic areas discussed.
271 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that under low memory load (16 instances of person-trait pairings), subjects organize their perceptions of a group around the characteristics of its individual members, whereas under high memory load, subjects organize trait information in an undifferentiated way around the group as a whole.
246 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1978TL;DR: A review of the book "Manufacturing in the Corporate Strategy" by Wickham Skinner can be found in this article. But the review is limited to a single case study, and it is incomplete.
Abstract: This article presents a review of the book “Manufacturing in the Corporate Strategy,” by Wickham Skinner.
TL;DR: The inner ears of 35 adult chickens were studied by TEM, SEM and light microscopy and found that the chicken ear is similar to that of the pigeon.
Abstract: The inner ears of 35 adult chickens were studied by TEM, SEM and light microscopy. Two well differentiated hair cell/nerve ending units were present: tall hair cells with small vesiculated nerve endings were located on the attached part of the basilar membrane; short hair cells with large vesiculated nerve endings were located on the free basilar membrane except for the distal tip. In this respect the chicken ear is similar to that of the pigeon. The chickens examined did have some unique features. Sensory cells of lenticular and hemispheric shape were also present at the proximal end. Bundles of long dense tubules were seen frequently within the sensory cell cytoplasm. Kinocilia were absent from the hair bundles of many of the sensory cells. The internal structure of the kinocilia which were present was atypical and consisted of a variable number of doublets. Eight peripheral plus one central doublet were found most frequently.
TL;DR: A dismayingly large number of patients were found to have stage 3 or 4 tumor at initial diagnosis, suggesting that aggressive and rapid evaluation and a high index of suspicion are important to optimize survival.
Posted Content•
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a series of phases of crisis response in organizations: at first, the organizations try to ignore the threatening situation, then they try to hide the problems by distorting reports of their performance, through both phases their executives make public statements that all is well.
Abstract: Crises are situations that threaten organizations' continued existence. Organizations encounter crises largely because they did not adapt sufficiently to changes in their social or technological environments. When organizations do face crises, their responses have a series of phases. At first, the organizations try to ignore the threatening situation -- perhaps it will go away. Next, they try to hide the problems by distorting reports of their performance. Through both phases their executives make public statements that all is well.Then the organizations try to address their problems by replacing top executives, but when they replace only one or two, the remaining executives continue to operate as they did in the past, so adaptations are inadequate. Finally, there is a realization that serious changes must take place, but by this time, workers have lost confidence in their bosses, many of the most skilled workers have left, and financial resources have been depleted.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the trunk neural crest initiates migration in an extracellular matrix relatively and absolutely rich in hyaluronic acid and suggest that glycosaminoglycans may be important in the differentiation of the trunk Neural crest.
TL;DR: Retrospective analysis of patients with acute myelomonoblastic (or non‐lymphocytic) leukemia has helped to clarify the early stages of the evolution of this disease, and a clinical picture has emerged that is sufficiently discriminating to permit prospective observations.
Abstract: Retrospective analysis of patients with acute myelomonoblastic (or non-lymphocytic) leukemia has helped to clarify the early stages of the evolution of this disease, and a clinical picture has emerged that is sufficiently discriminating to permit prospective observations. The clinical and laboratory features of the hematologic disorder preceding overt, blast-cell leukemia (i.e., the “preleukemic syndrome” or “hemopoietic dysplasia”) are described, and diagnostic criteria and approaches to management are considered. This hematologic syndrome appears to be a stage in a multiphasic panmyelopathy that involves all products of the marrow stem cell. Available data indicate that most of these patients develop acute leukemia within 24 months of the onset of the hematologic abnormalities, but longer courses are not uncommon. Prospective documentation in a large group of patients is needed before the natural course can be accurately defined; such studies are now being planned.
TL;DR: Neurons having large cell bodies in the anterior dorsal median cluster in the metathoracic ganglion of the locust Schistocerca gregaria and the grasshopper Romalea microptera were studied by direct dye injection and reverse filling combined with elyctrical stimulation and recording.
Abstract: Neurons having large cell bodies in the anterior dorsal median cluster in the metathoracic ganglion of the locust Schistocerca gregaria and the grasshopper Romalea microptera were studied by direct dye injection and reverse filling combined with electrical stimulation and recording. Eight, possibly nine, are of the unpaired type, with a T branch leading into left and right axons that leave the ganglion to terminate in muscles. Another six are probably paired, and may be interneurons. Five of the 8 or 9 unpaired neurons have one axonal branch in both N4 and N5, on both sides: the others have but a single branch. One of the nine, DUMETi, has left and right axons exclusively innervating the jumping muscles, and another, DUMDL, has left and right axons exclusively innervating the dorsal longitudinal flight muscles. Neither the locations, sizes or numbers of somata, nor their locations were as constant as is the case for ordinary ventral motorneurons.
TL;DR: Preoperative and postoperative cardiac catheterization data were analyzed from 10 patients with aortic stenosis and eight withaortic incompetence with normal prosthetic function, finding that left ventricular mass decreased during surgery.
TL;DR: X-linked ichthyosis seems to be the result of a common mutation affecting the expression of steroid-sulphatase activity, which reduces enzyme levels in fibroblasts of individuals with X-linked disease.
TL;DR: The results suggest that crest cells contribute to their own environment in vivo and that the pattern of GAG synthesis varies among different cell types, which in turn affects the composition of ECM in adjacent embryonic tissue spaces.
TL;DR: Optical calculi for anisotropic media are reviewed and extended for use in a phase-modulation spectrophotometer as discussed by the authors, and it is demonstrated under which conditions signals proportional to linear and circular dichroisms may be collected, and artifacts may be introduced from either the optical systems or the medium itself.
Abstract: Optical calculi for anisotropic media are reviewed and extended for use in a phase-modulation spectrophotometer. It is demonstrated under which conditions signals proportional to linear and circular dichroisms may be collected, and how artifacts may be introduced from either the optical systems or the medium itself. Finally, conversions among the optical calculi in use are tabulated and discussed.
TL;DR: Number of seizures, number of sessions, and seizure durations produced during ECT to determine whether such parameters are of importance in assessing clinical effects and whether there is an optimum seizure length to produce beneficial effect.
TL;DR: The three-dimensional structure of the lysozyme from bacteriophage T4 has been determined from a 2.4 A resolution electron density map and the approximate conformation of the molecule unambiguously is revealed.
TL;DR: Tinnitus Clinic was established at the University of Oregon Medical School and the result of treatment for 158 patients is discussed, including three forms of masking as treatment: masking from hearing aids, masks from the Tinnitus Masker, and FM‐Masking.
Abstract: Tinnitus Clinic was established at the University of Oregon Medical School and the result of treatment for 158 patients is discussed. Patients received three forms of masking as treatment: masking from hearing aids, masking from the Tinnitus Masker, and FM-Masking. Conditions leading to each kind of recommendation are discussed. The examination procedures used in the Tinnitus Clinic are presented. The phenomenon of residual inhibition is explained and discussed in relation to possible long-term or permanent relief of tinnitus. Future plans for the clinic and needs of tinnitus patients are presented.
TL;DR: It is suggested that treatment of adjacent sections with buffer, chondroitinase ABC at pH 8.6, andStreptomyces hyaluronidase and subsequent staining with Alcian Blue provides a method for localizing and quantitating glycosaminoglycans in tissue sections.
Abstract: Treatment of tissue sections with enzymes which degrade specific types of glycosaminoglycans should provide a means for localizing glycosaminoglycans in tissue sections. The feasibility of this technique was examined by utilizing endogenously labelled glycosaminoglycans in chick and quail embryos. Less than 8% of the total glycosaminoglycans appear to be lost non-specifically during fixation and dehydration. BothStreptomyces hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC degraded more than 90% of their respective substrates and demonstrated minimal non-specific extraction of other glycosaminoglycans. The selectivity of chondroitinase ABC for sulphated glycosaminoglycans was substantially increased by raising the pH of the incubation buffer to 8.6. At this pH, chondroitinase ABC degraded negligible amounts of hyaluronic acid. Use of bothStreptomyces hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC confirmed that embryonic hyaluronic acid binds Alcian Blue under conditions that were previously believed specific for sulphated glycosaminoglycans. We suggest that this may be due to the increased molecular weight of embryonic hyaluronic acid compared to the hyaluronic acid in adult tissues. The results presented suggest that treatment of adjacent sections with buffer, chondroitinase ABC at pH 8.6, andStreptomyces hyaluronidase and subsequent staining with Alcian Blue provides a method for localizing and quantitating glycosaminoglycans in tissue sections.
TL;DR: Newborn screening for alpha 1 -antitrypsin deficiency is not warranted at this time in view of the low frequency of significant pulmonary or hepatic involvement in childhood and the absence of specific therapy for this condition.
TL;DR: The authors examined the possibility that highly probable inferences are drawn even when they are unnecessary for comprehension, and concluded that recall cue effectiveness is not a reliable measure of encoding in comprehension, on the basis of which highly probable implicit instruments are not routinely inferred in comprehension.
TL;DR: It is suggested that deposits of immunoglobulin and complement in the superficial cutaneous microvasculature can be found in a wide spectrum of vasculitis syndromes, and that erythema multiforme is mediated by the deposition of immune reactants in these vessels.