University of Saint Mary

About: University of Saint Mary is a education organization based out in Leavenworth, Kansas, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 2276 authors who have published 2399 publications receiving 58990 citations. The organization is also known as: University of St. Mary & University of St Mary.

On stellar mass loss from galaxies in groups and clusters

Abstract: We estimate the stellar mass that satellite galaxies lose once they enter groups (and clusters) by identifying groups in a high-resolution cosmological N-body simulation, assigning entry masses to satellite galaxies with halo abundance matching at the entry time, and comparing the predicted conditional stellar mass function of satellite galaxies at $z\simeq0$ with observations. Our results depend on the mass of the stars that form in satellite galaxies after the entry time. A model in which star formation shuts down completely as soon a galaxy enters a group environment is ruled out because it underpredicts the stellar masses of satellite galaxies even in the absence of tidal stripping. The greater is the stellar mass that is allowed to form, the greater the fraction that needs to be tidally stripped. The stellar mass fraction lost by satellite galaxies after entering a group or cluster environment is consistent with any value in the range $0-40\%$. To place stronger constraints, we consider a more refined model of tidal stripping of galaxies on elongated orbits (where stripping occurs at orbit pericentres). Our model predicts less tidal stripping: satellite galaxies lose $\sim 20-25\%$ of their stellar mass since their entry into the group. This finding is consistent with a slow-starvation delayed-quenching picture, in which galaxies that enter a group or cluster environment keep forming stars until at least the first pericentric passage.

Antibiotic Overuse after Hospital Discharge: A Multi-Hospital Cohort Study.

Abstract: Background Antibiotics are commonly prescribed to patients as they leave the hospital. We aimed to create a comprehensive metric to characterize antibiotic overuse after discharge among hospitalized patients treated for pneumonia or urinary tract infection (UTI) and determine whether overuse varied across hospitals and conditions. Methods In a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients treated for pneumonia or UTI in 46 hospitals between 7/1/2017-7/30/2019 we quantified the proportion of patients discharged with antibiotic overuse, defined as: unnecessary antibiotic use, excess antibiotic duration, or suboptimal fluoroquinolone use. Using linear regression, we assessed hospital-level association between antibiotic overuse after discharge in patients treated for pneumonia vs. UTI. Results Of 21,825 patients treated for infection (12,445 pneumonia; 9,380 UTI), nearly half (49.1%) had antibiotic overuse after discharge (56.9% pneumonia; 38.7% UTI). For pneumonia, 63.1% of overuse days after discharge were due to excess duration; for UTI, 43.9% were due to treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria. The percentage of patients discharged with antibiotic overuse varied five-fold among hospitals (15.9% [95% CI: 8.7%-24.6%] to 80.6% [95% CI:69.4%-88.1%]) and was strongly correlated between conditions (regression coefficient=0.85, P&.001). Conclusion Antibiotic overuse after discharge was common and varied widely between hospitals. Antibiotic overuse after discharge was associated between conditions, suggesting that prescribing culture, physician behavior, or organizational processes contribute to overprescribing at discharge. Multifaceted efforts focusing on all three types of overuse and multiple conditions should be considered to improve antibiotic prescribing at discharge.

Production and characterization of an amphiploid between common wheat and Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng ex Kuo.

Abstract: Wide crosses and synthetic amphiploids have played an important role in introgressing desirable traits from related species into cultivated wheat. Hybrids between Triticum aestivum cv. 'J-11' and Psathyrostachys huashanica were treated with colchicine, to produce a new intergeneric amphiploid (PHW-SA). The morphological characteristics of PHW-SA resembled the parent 'J-11'. PHW-SA plants have purple internodes and pubescence in the basal spikelet, inherited from the P. huashanica parent. Somatic chromosome numbers varied from 2n = 51 to 2n = 56, with 70.59% of plants having 56 chromosomes. At metaphase I, PHW-SA (2n = 56) plants showed an average of 1.15 univalents, 27.34 bivalents, 0.03 trivalents and 0.02 tetravalents per cell; complete chromosome pairing occurred in 50% of the pollen mother cells. A survey of disease resistances revealed that the stripe rust resistance from P. huashanica was expressed, but powdery mildew resistance was suppressed. The fertility of PHW-SA was 60%.

Earlier versus later initiation of renal replacement therapy among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Abstract: Although the optimal timing of initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury has been extensively studied in the past, it is still unclear. In this systematic review, we searched all related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that directly compared earlier and later RRT published prior to June 25, 2016, from PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. We extracted the study characteristics and outcomes of all-cause mortality, RRT dependence, and intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS). We identified 51 published relevant studies from 13,468 screened abstracts. Nine RCTs with 1627 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Earlier RRT was not associated with benefits in terms of mortality [relative risk (RR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68–1.14, p = 0.33] and RRT dependence (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.46–1.42, p = 0.46). There were also no significant differences in the ICU and hospital LOS between patients who underwent earlier versus later RRT [standard means difference −0.08 (95% CI −0.26 to 0.09) and −0.11 (95% CI −0.37 to 0.16) day, respectively]. In subgroup analysis, earlier RRT was associated with a reduction in the in-hospital mortality among surgical patients (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64–0.96) and patients who underwent continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67–0.96). Compared with later RRT, earlier initiation of RRT did not show beneficial impacts on patient outcomes. However, a lower rate of death was observed among surgical patients and in those who underwent CRRT. The included literature is highly heterogeneous and, therefore, potentially subject to bias. Further high-quality RCT studies are warranted.

Cerebellar pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: case report.

Abstract: We report a case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma occurring in the midline cerebellum of a 48-year-old woman. Radiological, histological, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric findings are discussed. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma typically occurs in the superficial cerebral hemispheres of young patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of this neoplasm in the cerebellum. The English literature is reviewed with regard to the clinicopathological features of this uncommon form of astrocytoma.