Showing papers by "University of Saint Mary published in 2016"
TL;DR: Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries and should also address the need for safe perioperative care.
Abstract: Background
As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care.
Methods
We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries.
Results
A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2–7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries.
Conclusions
Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care.
364 citations
Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science1, United States Department of Agriculture2, Albert Einstein College of Medicine3, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research4, Tulane University5, University of Exeter6, University of Saint Mary7, Oregon State University8, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine9, Royal Holloway, University of London10, University of California, San Diego11, International Livestock Research Institute12, Louisiana State University13, Texas A&M University14, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign15
TL;DR: Strong evidence exists for an increasing prevalence of microsporidiosis in animals and humans, and for sharing of pathogens across hosts and biomes.
210 citations
TL;DR: A potential mechanistic model by which loss of α‐syn function could result in at least some of the neurodegeneration observed in PD is provided, which may reveal alternative avenues of research in order to identify potential novel therapeutic targets for disease modifying strategies.
Abstract: The aggregation of alpha synuclein (α-syn) is a neuropathological feature that defines a spectrum of disorders collectively termed synucleinopathies, and of these, Parkinson's disease (PD) is arguably the best characterized. Aggregated α-syn is the primary component of Lewy bodies, the defining pathological feature of PD, while mutations or multiplications in the α-syn gene result in familial PD. The high correlation between α-syn burden and PD has led to the hypothesis that α-syn aggregation produces toxicity through a gain-of-function mechanism. However, α-syn has been implicated to function in a diverse range of essential cellular processes such as the regulation of neurotransmission and response to cellular stress. As such, an alternative hypothesis with equal explanatory power is that the aggregation of α-syn results in toxicity because of a toxic loss of necessary α-syn function, following sequestration of functional forms α-syn into insoluble protein aggregates. Within this review, we will provide an overview of the literature linking α-syn to PD and the knowledge gained from current α-syn-based animal models of PD. We will then interpret these data from the viewpoint of the α-syn loss-of-function hypothesis and provide a potential mechanistic model by which loss of α-syn function could result in at least some of the neurodegeneration observed in PD. By providing an alternative perspective on the etiopathogenesis of PD and synucleinopathies, this may reveal alternative avenues of research in order to identify potential novel therapeutic targets for disease modifying strategies. The correlation between α-synuclein burden and Parkinson's disease pathology has led to the hypothesis that α-synuclein aggregation produces toxicity through a gain-of-function mechanism. However, in this review, we discuss data supporting the alternative hypothesis that the aggregation of α-synuclein results in toxicity because of loss of necessary α-synuclein function at the presynaptic terminal, following sequestration of functional forms of α-synuclein into aggregates.
174 citations
TL;DR: relevant clinical pathological research in preclinical AD and throughout the progression of dementia is illustrated in several areas including Aβ and tau pathobiology, single population expression profiling of vulnerable hippocampal and basal forebrain neurons, neuroplasticity, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker studies and their correlation with antemortem cognitive endpoints.
91 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is provided from a pilot study demonstrating that knockdown of endogenous α-syn in dopamine neurons of non-human primates reproduces the pattern of nigrostriatal degeneration characteristic of PD.
Abstract: Accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in Lewy bodies and neurites of midbrain dopamine neurons is diagnostic for Parkinson's disease (PD), leading to the proposal that PD is a toxic gain-of-function synucleinopathy. Here we discuss the alternative viewpoint that α-syn displacement from synapses by misfolding and aggregation results in a toxic loss-of-function. In support of this hypothesis we provide evidence from our pilot study demonstrating that knockdown of endogenous α-syn in dopamine neurons of non-human primates reproduces the pattern of nigrostriatal degeneration characteristic of PD.
91 citations
TL;DR: A novel technology that can recover viable bacteria directly from whole blood and identify them in less than 7 h is developed that combines a sample preparation process with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).
Abstract: Traditional methods for identifying pathogens in bacteremic patients are slow (24–48+ h). This can lead to physicians making treatment decisions based on an incomplete diagnosis and potentially increasing the patient’s mortality risk. To decrease time to diagnosis, we have developed a novel technology that can recover viable bacteria directly from whole blood and identify them in less than 7 h. Our technology combines a sample preparation process with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The sample preparation process enriches viable microorganisms from 10 mL of whole blood into a 200 μL aliquot. After a short incubation period, SERS is used to identify the microorganisms. We further demonstrated that SERS can be used as a broad detection method, as it identified a model set of 17 clinical blood culture isolates and microbial reference strains with 100% identification agreement. By applying the integrated technology of sample preparation and SERS to spiked whole blood samples, we were able to corre...
85 citations
Spanish National Research Council1, Autonomous University of Madrid2, Sapienza University of Rome3, University of Nottingham4, University of Manchester5, University of Western Australia6, Max Planck Society7, University of Trieste8, INAF9, University of La Laguna10, University of the Western Cape11, University of Sydney12, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research13, University of Massachusetts Amherst14, ETH Zurich15, Yale University16, Liverpool John Moores University17, University of Zurich18, University of Cambridge19, University of Surrey20, Leiden University21, University of Saint Mary22
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of a galaxy cluster in a cold dark matter universe using 13 different codes modelling only gravity and non-radiative hydrodynamics (RAMSES, ART, AREPO, HYDRA and nine incarnations of GADGET) is compared.
Abstract: We have simulated the formation of a galaxy cluster in a Ʌ cold dark matter universe using 13 different codes modelling only gravity and non-radiative hydrodynamics (RAMSES, ART, AREPO, HYDRA and nine incarnations of GADGET). This range of codes includes particle-based, moving and fixed mesh codes as well as both Eulerian and Lagrangian fluid schemes. The various GADGET implementations span classic and modern smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) schemes. The goal of this comparison is to assess the reliability of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of clusters in the simplest astrophysically relevant case, that in which the gas is assumed to be non-radiative. We compare images of the cluster at z = 0, global properties such as mass and radial profiles of various dynamical and thermodynamical quantities. The underlying gravitational framework can be aligned very accurately for all the codes allowing a detailed investigation of the differences that develop due to the various gas physics implementations employed. As expected, the mesh-based codes RAMSES, ART and AREPO form extended entropy cores in the gas with rising central gas temperatures. Those codes employing classic SPH schemes show falling entropy profiles all the way into the very centre with correspondingly rising density profiles and central temperature inversions. We show that methods with modern SPH schemes that allow entropy mixing span the range between these two extremes and the latest SPH variants produce gas entropy profiles that are essentially indistinguishable from those obtained with grid-based methods.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify a significant selection effect operating on the Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB) and flux-limited AGN surveys, and outline how they must depend heavily on the spin distribution of black holes.
Abstract: The Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB) is the total emission from past accretion activity onto supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei (AGN) and peaks in the hard X-ray band (30 keV). In this paper, we identify a significant selection effect operating on the CXB and flux-limited AGN surveys, and outline how they must depend heavily on the spin distribution of black holes. We show that, due to the higher radiative efficiency of rapidly-spinning black holes, they will be over-represented in the X-ray background, and therefore could be a dominant contributor to the CXB. Using a simple bimodal spin distribution, we demonstrate that only 15 per cent maximally-spinning AGN can produce 50 per cent of the CXB. We also illustrate that invoking a small population of maximally-spinning black holes in CXB synthesis models can reproduce the CXB peak without requiring large numbers of Compton-thick AGN. The spin bias is even more pronounced for flux-limited surveys: 7 per cent of sources with maximally-spinning black holes can produce half of the source counts. The detectability for maximum spin black holes can be further boosted in hard (>10 keV) X-rays by up to ~60 per cent due to pronounced ionised reflection, reducing the percentage of maximally spinning black holes required to produce half of the CXB or survey number counts further. A host of observations are consistent with an over-representation of high-spin black holes. Future NuSTAR and ASTRO-H hard X-ray surveys will provide the best constraints on the role of spin within the AGN population.
80 citations
South University1, Great Ormond Street Hospital2, University of Saint Mary3, Lyon College4, Utrecht University5, University of Groningen6, University Medical Center Groningen7, University of Queensland8, University of Bern9, National University of Singapore10, Royal Children's Hospital11, Université Paris-Saclay12
TL;DR: This ESPNIC definition of RSS accurately identifies children with the most severe form of septic shock, and was associated with a significant increase in mortality.
Abstract: Purpose
Although overall paediatric septic shock mortality is decreasing, refractory septic shock (RSS) is still associated with high mortality. A definition for RSS is urgently needed to facilitate earlier identification and treatment. We aim to establish a European society of paediatric and neonatal intensive care (ESPNIC) experts’ definition of paediatric RSS.
76 citations
TL;DR: The life cycle of Myx.
Abstract: Myxococcus xanthus is a predatory bacterium and a model system for social behaviour in bacteria. Myx. xanthus forms thin biofilms, where cells work together to colonize new territory, invade prey colonies and lyse prey cells. Prey-cell lysis occurs at close proximity, and utilizes antibiotics such as myxovirescin, hydrolytic enzymes such as the protease MepA and extracellular outer-membrane vesicles that may facilitate delivery. Many questions about the mechanism of prey lysis remain, as well as a complete understanding of the vast hydrolytic and secondary metabolite potential present in the Myx. xanthus genome. However, it is clear that predation presents unique challenges for this bacterium, which are solved, in part, through the social behaviours at the disposal of Myx. xanthus. Here, we discuss the life cycle of Myx. xanthus, and the hypothesis that multicellular behaviour in this organism is critical to, and derives from, the challenges of growth as a bacterial predator.
65 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the TNT antibodies are useful markers for early conformational display of PAD and provide information regarding conformational changes that have potential implications in the toxic mechanisms of tau pathology.
TL;DR: In this paper, a meta-analysis was conducted using 114 studies in order to gauge a quantitative relationship between FOC and several demographic variables at both the individual (e.g., race, gender) and neighbourhood (i.e., the presence of incivilities, collective efficacy) level.
TL;DR: A mini-series of unusual metastatic sites of thyroid carcinoma is proposed as a contribution to current knowledge on anatomopathological characteristics and clinical outcome.
Abstract: The most common sites of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer are the neck lymph nodes, while distant metastases typically involve the lungs, the bones, and less frequently the brain. Uncommon metastatic sites include the liver, adrenal gland, kidney, pancreas, and skin. The epidemiological aspects of thyroid metastases in rare sites are largely unknown and their identification could have a significant impact on patients management. A mini-series of unusual metastatic sites of thyroid carcinoma is proposed as a contribution to current knowledge on anatomopathological characteristics and clinical outcome. Of the six cases that were assessed, the metastases were the following: skin metastases (2), skin and pancreas metastases (1), renal metastasis (1), adrenal metastasis (1), and liver metastasis (1). In our experience, metastases in rare sites do not always represent a negative prognostic factor for disease outcome. In fact they can occur as single distant lesion and if surgically resectable, their treatment can also lead to local disease remission.
University of Western Australia1, Spanish National Research Council2, Autonomous University of Madrid3, University of Manchester4, University of Sydney5, University of Nottingham6, University of the Western Cape7, University of La Laguna8, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research9, University of Massachusetts Amherst10, ETH Zurich11, Liverpool John Moores University12, INAF13, University of Zurich14, University of Cambridge15, University of Surrey16, University of Saint Mary17
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of baryonic physics on a single massive galaxy cluster was compared with 11 state-of-the-art codes, spanning adaptive mesh, moving mesh, classic and modern smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approaches.
Abstract: Building on the initial results of the nIFTy simulated galaxy cluster comparison, we compare and contrast the impact of baryonic physics with a single massive galaxy cluster, run with 11 state-of-the-art codes, spanning adaptive mesh, moving mesh, classic and modern smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approaches. For each code represented we have a dark-matter-only (DM) and non-radiative (NR) version of the cluster, as well as a full physics (FP) version for a subset of the codes. We compare both radial mass and kinematic profiles, as well as global measures of the cluster (e.g. concentration, spin, shape), in the NR and FP runs with that in the DM runs. Our analysis reveals good consistency ⪅20 per cent) between global properties of the cluster predicted by different codes when integrated quantities are measured within the virial radius R200. However, we see larger differences for quantities within R2500, especially in the FP runs. The radial profiles reveal a diversity, especially in the cluster centre, between the NR runs, which can be understood straightforwardly from the division of codes into classic SPH and non-classic SPH (including the modern SPH, adaptive and moving mesh codes); and between the FP runs, which can also be understood broadly from the division of codes into those that include active galactic nucleus feedback and those that do not. The variation with respect to the median is much larger in the FP runs with different baryonic physics prescriptions than in the NR runs with different hydrodynamics solvers.
INAF1, University of Milan2, Aix-Marseille University3, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis4, University of Geneva5, University of Bologna6, Jan Kochanowski University7, University of Toulouse8, Jagiellonian University9, Roma Tre University10, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University11, University of Saint Mary12, University of Edinburgh13, Institut Universitaire de France14
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the full public data release (PDR-2) of the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS), performed at the ESO VLT.
Abstract: We present the full public data release (PDR-2) of the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS), performed at the ESO VLT. We release redshifts, spectra, CFHTLS magnitudes and ancillary information (as masks and weights) for a complete sample of 86,775 galaxies (plus 4,732 other objects, including stars and serendipitous galaxies); we also include their full photometrically-selected parent catalogue. The sample is magnitude limited to i_AB = 2 are shown to have a confidence level of 96% or larger and make up 88% of all measured galaxy redshifts (76,552 out of 86,775), constituting the VIPERS prime catalogue for statistical investigations. For this sample the rms redshift error, estimated using repeated measurements of about 3,000 galaxies, is found to be sigma_z = 0.00054(1+z). All data are available at this http URL and on the ESO Archive.
University of Tokyo1, Kyoto University2, Osaka University3, University of Santiago de Compostela4, University of Groningen5, Beihang University6, Nara Women's University7, KEK8, Tottori University9, Tokyo Metropolitan University10, University of Saint Mary11, Comenius University in Bratislava12, Niigata University13
TL;DR: No distinct structures are observed associated with the formation of bound states in carbon nuclei and stringent constraints are set on the formation cross section and on the hitherto barely known η^{'}-nucleus interaction.
Abstract: Excitation spectra of ^{11}C are measured in the ^{12}C(p,d) reaction near the η^{'} emission threshold. A proton beam extracted from the synchrotron SIS-18 at GSI with an incident energy of 2.5 GeV impinges on a carbon target. The momenta of deuterons emitted at 0° are precisely measured with the fragment separator (FRS) operated as a spectrometer. In contrast to theoretical predictions on the possible existence of deeply bound η^{'}-mesic states in carbon nuclei, no distinct structures are observed associated with the formation of bound states. The spectra are analyzed to set stringent constraints on the formation cross section and on the hitherto barely known η^{'}-nucleus interaction.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a set of recommendations to align federal ocean policy with ocean science to ensure the health of Canada's oceans and ocean dependent communities, regardless of political persuasion.
TL;DR: The ability to efficiently produce large amounts of high-titer recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a prerequisite to the continued success of AAV as a gene therapy tool targeted toward large-animal preclinical studies or human clinical therapeutics, and the finding that AAV can be harvested and purified from producer cell medium may represent an efficient alternative to purifying AAV from cellular lysates.
Abstract: The ability to efficiently produce large amounts of high-titer recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a prerequisite to the continued success of AAV as a gene therapy tool targeted toward large-animal preclinical studies or human clinical therapeutics. Current manufacturing procedures necessitate laborious and time-consuming purification procedures to obtain AAV particles of sufficient titer and purity for these demanding biomedical applications. The finding that AAV can be harvested and purified from producer cell medium may represent an efficient alternative to purifying AAV from cellular lysates. Here we sought to determine the maximum duration of time, and frequency within which AAV can be harvested from producer cell medium, in order to maximize the yield obtained from a single transfection preparation. Human embryonic kidney 293T cells were transfected with polyethylenimine to produce AAV2/5 expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), and cellular medium was harvested every 2 days until a maximum duration of 19 days posttransfection. AAV2/5-GFP was released into producer cell medium at a steady state until 7 days posttransfection, at which time titers dropped dramatically. Harvesting medium every two days resulted in the maximum yield of AAV from a single preparation, and the cumulative yield of AAV harvested from the producer cell medium was 4-fold higher than the yield obtained from a traditional purification of AAV from cellular lysates. The AAV2/5 harvested from medium within the 7-day collection time-course mediated high levels of transduction in vivo, comparable to AAV2/5 harvested from cellular lysates. AAV purified from cell lysates showed increasing amounts of empty particles at 5 and 7 days posttransfection, whereas AAV purified from cell medium did not show an increase in the amount of empty particles throughout the 7-day time course. Finally, we extended these findings to AAV2/9, demonstrating that a comparable ratio of AAV2/9 particles are also released for up to 7 days posttransfection.
TL;DR: Laronidase treatment resulted in disease stabilization in the majority of patients with a mean follow-up of 6.1 years, suggesting that early treatment may result in better outcomes.
Emmanuelle Jaillette, Christophe Girault1, Guillaume Brunin, Farid Zerimech +1990 more•Institutions (63)
TL;DR: Table of contentsPHYSICIANS ABSTRACTS Impact of tracheal cuff shape on microaspiration of gastric contents in intubated critically ill patients: a multicenter randomized controlled study (BEST CUFF).
Abstract: Table of contentsPHYSICIANS ABSTRACTSO1 Impact of tracheal cuff shape on microaspiration of gastric contents in intubated critically ill patients: a multicenter randomized controlled study (BEST CUFF)Emmanuelle Jaillette, Christophe Girault, Guillaume Brunin, Farid Zerimech, Arnaud Chiche, Céline Broucqsault-Dedrie, Cyril Fayolle, Franck Minacori, Isabelle Alves, Stephanie Barrailler, Laurent Robriquet, Fabienne Tamion, Emmanuel Delaporte, Damien Thellier, Claire Delcourte, Alain Duhamel, Saad NseirO2 Bicarbonate versus saline for contrast-induced acute kidney injury prevention in critically ill patientsXavier Valette, Isabelle Desmeulles, Benoit Savary, Romain Masson, Amélie Seguin, Cédric Daubin, Bertrand Sauneuf, Jennifer Brunet, Pierre Verrier, Véronique Pottier, Marie Orabona, Désiré Samba, Gérald Viquesnel, Mathilde Lermuzeaux, Pascal Hazera, Jean-Luc Hanouz, Jean-Jacques Parienti, Damien Du CheyronO3 Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in the early phase of weaning from mechanical ventilation: a multicenter randomized studyAlexandre Demoule, Marc Clavel, Camille Rolland-Debord, Sébastien Perbet, Nicolas Terzi, Achille Kouatchet, Florent Wallet, Hadrien Roze, Frédéric Vargas, Claude Guérin, Jean Dellamonica, Samir Jaber, Thomas SimilowskiO4 Very high volume hemofiltration with the Cascade system in septic shock patientsJean-Pierre Quenot, Christine Binquet, Christophe Vinsonneau, Saber-Davide Barbar, Sandrine Vinault,, Valérie Deckert, Stephanie Lemaire, Ali Ait Hssain, Rémi Bruyère, Bertrand Souweine, Laurent Lagrost, Christophe AdrieO5 Effect of rapid response systems on hospital mortality, a prospective interventional study and systematic reviewBoris Jung, Aurelien Daurat, Audrey De Jong, Gérald Chanques, Martin Mahul,, Marion Monnin, Nicolas Molinari, Samir JaberO6 Beta-lactams serum concentrations in critically ill cirrhotic patients: a matched control studyOlivier Lheureux, Eric Trepo, Maya Hites, Frederic Cotton, Fleur Wolff, Rudy Surin, Jacques Créteur, Jean-Louis Vincent, Thierry Gustot, Frederique Jacobs, Fabio Silvio TacconeO7 Systematic overdosing of oxa- and cloxacillin in severe infections treated in ICU: Risk factors and side effectsMathilde Neuville, Jean-François Timsit, Najoua El-Helali, Alban Le Monnier, Eric Magalhaes, Aguila Radjou, Roland Smonig, Jean-François Soubirou, Guillaume Voiriot, Romain Sonneville, Lila Bouadma, Bruno MourvillierO8 Amikacin peak concentrations in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support: a case–control studyElodie Gélisse, Mathilde Neuville, Etienne De Montmollin, Guillaume Voiriot, Jean-François Soubirou, Roland Smonig, Aguila Radjou, Eric Magalhaes, Lila Bouadma, Bruno Mourvillier, Jean-François Timsit, Romain SonnevilleO9 A high aminoglycoside regimen associated with renal replacement therapy for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant pathogensAlexandre Brasseur, Maya Hites, Sandrine Roisin, Frederic Cotton, Jean-Louis Vincent, Daniel De Backer, Frederique Jacobs, Fabio Silvio TacconeO10 Optimization of administration of vancomycin in septic patients: a prospective randomized studyValerie Van Ruychevelt, Eric Carlier, Michael Piagnerelli, Michel Vanhaeverbeek, Christine Danguy, Patrick BistonO11 Impact of elevated intra-abdominal pressure on the ability of dynamic parameters to predict fluid responsivenessSiu-Ming Au, Emmanuelle Begot, François Dalmay, Xavier Repessé, Gwenael Prat, Koceila Bouferrache, Michel Slama, Philippe Vignon, Antoine Vieillard-BaronO12 Passive leg raising for predicting fluid responsiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysisXavier Monnet, Paul Marik, Jean-Louis TeboulO13 Predicting volume responsiveness by using combined end-expiratory and end-inspiratory occlusion tests with echocardiographyMathieu Jozwiak, Jean-Louis Teboul, Christian Richard, Xavier MonnetO14 Early dynamic left intraventricular obstruction is associated with hypovolemia and hight mortality in septic shock patientsJean-Louis Chauvet, Shari El-Dash, Olivier Delastre, Bernard Bouffandeau, Dominique Jusserand, Jean-Baptiste Michot, Fabrice Bauer, Julien Maizel, Michel SlamaO15 Predictive factors for poor hemodynamic tolerance to fluid removal in ICU: the DepleRea studyFrançois Brazier, Pablo Mercado, Loay Kontar, Dimitri Titeca, Bertand De Cagny, Gaelle Bacari-Risal, Antoine Riviere, Michel Slama, Julien MaizelO16 High-flow nasal cannula: first-line treatment of noninvasive ventilation for infants with bronchiolitis. Applicability and risk factors for failureCamille Guillot, Claire Le Reun, Marie Lampin, Ahmed Sadik, Astrid Botte, Alain Duhamel, Stéphane LeteurtreO17 Is high-flow nasal cannula better than nasal continuous positive airway pressure for bronchiolitis management in pediatric intensive care unit?Aurélie Collins, Céline Kempeneers, Nathalie CajgfingerO18 Interest and risk of high-flow cannula during acute hypoxemic pneumonia in children: a retrospective studyCamille Ohlmann, Robin Pouyau, Fabien Subtil, Florent Baudin, Bruno Massenavette, Etienne JavouheyO19 Interest of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) during the initial management of severe bronchiolitis in infants: a multicenter randomized controlled trialChristophe Milesi, Sandrine Essouri, Robin Pouyau,, Jean-Michel Liet, Mickael Afanetti, Julien Baleine, Sabine Durand, Philippe Durand, Etienne Javouhey, Jean Christophe Roze, Didier Dupont, Gilles CambonieO20 Outcome of severe cerebral venous thrombosis in intensive care unit: a cohort studyBenjamin Soyer, Marco Rusca, Anne-Claire Lukaszewicz, Isabelle Crassard, Jean-Pierre Guichard, Damien Bresson, Didier Payen de la GaranderieO21 Brain lesion spectrum characterization in an experimental model of infective endocarditisMarie Cantier, Candice Sabben, Liliane Louedec, Sandrine Delbosc, Clément Journé, Phalla Ou, Isabelle Klein, Françoise Chau, Agnes Lefort, Jean-Philippe Desilles, Jean-Baptiste Michel, Romain Sonneville, Mikaël MazighiO22 Outcome of patients with Parkinson’s disease admitted in intensive care unitOmar Ben Hadj Salem, Sophie Demeret, Alexandre Demoule, Thomas Similowski, Francis Bolgert, Tarek Sharshar, David GrabliO23 Cerebrospinal fluid glucose and lactate concentrations after subarachnoid hemorrhageSafa Arib, Ilaria Alice Crippa, Jacques Créteur, Jean-Louis Vincent, Fabio Silvio TacconeO24 Spontaneous angionegative subarachnoidal hemorrhage: neurological outcome based on a retrospective study of 68 patientsAlexis Soummer, Nicolas Engrand, Pierre Guedin, Grégoire Trebbia, Sorin Aldea, Charles CerfO25 Serious game evaluation of a one-hour training basic life support session for secondary school students: new tools for future bystandersVictoire Desailly, Pierre Pasquier, Patrick Brun, Damien Roux, Jonathan Messika, Gwendoline Latournerie, Laetitia Kasprzyk, Vincent Grosjean, Amine Latreche, Pierre Habert, Stephane Huot, Timon Jobin, Antoine Tesnière, Didier Dreyfuss, Jean-Damien Ricard, Alexandre Mignon, Stéphane GaudryO26 Refractory out-of-hospital refractory cardiac arrest treated by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. A retrospective single-center experience from 2012 to 2015. CARECMO program (Cardiac ARrest Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation)François-Xavier Laithier, Antoine Kimmoun, Tahar Chouihed, Stéphane Albizzati, Edoardo Camenzind, Fabrice Vanhuyse, Bruno LevyO27 Decreased monocyte HLA-DR expression after out-of-hospital cardiac arrestMartin Cour, Fabienne Venet, Romain Hernu, Julie Demaret, Guillaume Monneret, Laurent ArgaudO28 Is emergent PCI associated with a clinical benefit in post-cardiac arrest patients without ST-segment elevation pattern? Insights from the PROCAT II registryFlorence Dumas, Wulfran Bougouin, Guillaume Geri, Lionel Lamhaut, Julien Rosencher, Frédéric Pène, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Olivier Varenne, Pierre Carli, Xavier Jouven, Jean-Paul Mira, Christian Spaulding, Alain CariouO29 Predictors of long-term quality of life after cardiac arrest: insights from the Parisian registryGuillaume Geri, Florence Dumas, Franck Bonnetain,, Wulfran Bougouin, Benoit Champigneulle, Michel Arnaout, Pierre Carli, Eloi Marijon, Olivier Varenne, Jean-Paul Mira, Jean Philippe Empana, Alain CariouO30 Red blood cell transfusions in early resuscitation of severe sepsis and septic shock in patients with hematological malignanciesAdrien Mirouse, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Virginie Lemiale, Djamel Mokart, François Vincent, Julien Mayaux, Antoine Rabbat, Martine Nyunga, Anne Pascale Meert, Dominique Benoit, Achille Kouatchet, Michaël Darmon, Fabrice Bruneel, Elie Azoulay, Frédéric PèneO31 Causal effect of transfusion on mortality and other adverse events among critically ill septic patients: an observational study with a marginal structural modelClaire Dupuis, Michaël Darmon, Carole Schwebel, Elie Azoulay, Romain Sonneville, Lila Bouadma, Roland Smonig, Yves Cohen, Stéphane Ruckly, Christophe Adrie, Dany Goldgran-Toledano, Sébastien Bailly, Guillaume Marcotte, Maïté Garrouste-Orgeas, Jean-François TimsitO32 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in the intensive care unitAntoine Lafarge, Claire Pichereau, Sandrine Valade, Marion Venot, Akli Chermak, Igor Theodose, Marion Scotto, Delphine Kemlin, Claire Givel, Leïla Mourtada, Etienne Ghrenassia, Emmanuel Canet, Virginie Lemiale, Benoît Schlemmer, Elie Azoulay, Eric MariotteO33 Pre-ICU location, lead time bias and outcomes in patients with thrombotic microangiopathiesDamien Vimpere, Sandrine Valade, Marion Venot, Claire Pichereau, Akli Chermak, Virginie Lemiale, Emmanuel Canet, Lionel Galicier, Elie Azoulay, Eric MariotteO34 Septic shocks with no early etiological diagnosis: a multicenter prospective cohort study (the shock 24 study)Damien Contou, Damien Roux, Sebastien Jochmans, Remi Coudroy, Emmanuel Guérot, David Grimaldi, Sylvie Ricome, Eric Maury, Gaëtan Plantefève, Julien Mayaux, Armand Mekontso Dessap, Christian Brun-Buisson, Nicolas de ProstO35 Respective contribution of diaphragm and limbs mus
TL;DR: Results from immunochemical assays indicate that aggregation-induced increases in PAD exposure and oligomerization are common features among all t Tau isoforms, and suggest a mechanism of toxicity common to each tau isoform that likely contributes to degeneration in different tauopathies.
TL;DR: Isolated MPFL reconstruction using an autologous quadriceps tendon and not requiring bone tunnels, may be a "simple and safe" mean to manage patellar instability, giving good clinical results with low complication rate in selected patients with normal osseous anatomy.
Abstract: Since the role of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) as the primary soft-tissue restraint against lateral patellar translation has been recognized, several different reconstruction procedures for the treatment of patellar instability have been proposed over recent years. Many of these techniques require bony procedures and hardware fixation at the patellar and femoral side, leading to complications as described previously in the literature. The purpose of the present study is to describe the technique of isolated MPFL reconstruction using the quadriceps tendon and report the results at a mean follow-up of 38 months. The hypothesis is that this technique, not requiring drilling of bone tunnels on the patellar and femoral side, may be a "simple and safe" mean to manage patellar instability, giving good clinical results with low complication rate in selected patients with normal osseous anatomy. Sixteen consecutive patients (9 male, 7 female; mean age 22 years) with chronic patellar instability underwent medial patellofemoral reconstruction with the superficial layer of the quadriceps tendon. All the patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by physical examination and subjectively with Kujala and Lysholm scores. The average follow-up was 38 months (range 28–48 months). No recurrent episodes of dislocation or subluxation and no complications occurred. The mean Kujala score increased from 35.8 preoperatively to 88.8 postoperatively and the Lysholm score improved from 43.3 preoperatively to 89.3 postoperatively. Isolated MPFL reconstruction using an autologous quadriceps tendon and not requiring bone tunnels, may be a safe, simple and effective procedure for the treatment of patellar instability without complications such as patellar fracture as reported by clinical studies using hamstring grafts. For the same reason it may also be indicated in skeletally immature patients. Level IV.
TL;DR: In this article, the intended outcomes of manipulations of phylogenetic diversity may vary depending on project goals, particularly when considering the trade-offs between multiple ecosystem functions, and they recommend that ecologists work with landscape architects and other design professionals to test how ecophylogenetics might aid in achieving desired outcomes for green infrastructure.
Abstract: Summary
Ecologists are increasingly involved in city-making, especially in the development of green infrastructure and other designed plant communities.
Plant communities that are more phylogenetically related are more similar in functional traits and adaptations to their environment than distant relatives.
Knowledge of how evolutionary relationships among plant species influence ecosystem functions could be applied to green infrastructure to improve benefits such as urban cooling, habitat creation and stormwater management.
The intended outcomes of manipulations of phylogenetic diversity (PD) may vary depending on project goals, particularly when considering the trade-offs between multiple ecosystem functions. For instance, constraining PD could improve survival and performance in stressful environments or short growing seasons. Increasing PD could improve habitat diversity, aesthetics and other direct human benefits.
Synthesis and applications. Given the potential benefits of considering phylogenetic relationships of plant communities in green infrastructure, we recommend that ecologists work with landscape architects and other design professionals to test how ecophylogenetics – the application of phylogenies in ecology – might aid in achieving desired outcomes for green infrastructure.
TL;DR: The data suggest that cuminaldehyde could be a drug for chemopreventive or anticancer therapy, as it suppressed growth and induced apoptosis and diminished the tumor burden that would have a significant clinical impact.
Abstract: Cinnamomum verum, also called true cinnamon tree, is employed to make the seasoning cinnamon. Furthermore, the plant has been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medication. We explored the anticancer effect of cuminaldehyde, an ingredient of the cortex of the plant, as well as the molecular biomarkers associated with carcinogenesis in human colorectal adenocarcinoma COLO 205 cells. The results show that cuminaldehyde suppressed growth and induced apoptosis, as proved by depletion of the mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of both caspase-3 and -9, and morphological features of apoptosis. Moreover, cuminaldehyde also led to lysosomal vacuolation with an upregulated volume of acidic compartment and cytotoxicity, together with inhibitions of both topoisomerase I and II activities. Additional study shows that the anticancer activity of cuminaldehyde was observed in the model of nude mice. Our results suggest that the anticancer activity of cuminaldehyde in vitro involved the suppression of cell proliferative markers, topoisomerase I as well as II, together with increase of pro-apoptotic molecules, associated with upregulated lysosomal vacuolation. On the other hand, in vivo, cuminaldehyde diminished the tumor burden that would have a significant clinical impact. Furthermore, similar effects were observed in other tested cell lines. In short, our data suggest that cuminaldehyde could be a drug for chemopreventive or anticancer therapy.
TL;DR: This work quantified the effects of spatial heterogeneity in solar radiation, substrate depth and other variables affected by these drivers on vegetation and ecosystem services in an extensive green roof and correlated with differential growth, survival and flowering in two focal plant species.
TL;DR: The proposed novel NT-pro BNP-based score was extremely effective in predicting in-hospital mortality in HF patients, and was compared with other prognosis-predictive scores.
Abstract: Serum N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) testing is recommended in the patients with heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that NT-pro-BNP, in combination with other clinical factors in terms of a novel NT-pro BNP-based score, may provide even better predictive power for in-hospital mortality among patients with HF. A retrospective study enrolled adult patients with hospitalization-requiring HF who fulfilled the predefined criteria during the period from January 2011 to December 2013. We proposed a novel scoring system consisting of several independent predictors including NT-pro-BNP for predicting in-hospital mortality, and then compared the prognosis-predictive power of the novel NT-pro BNP-based score with other prognosis-predictive scores. A total of 269 patients were enrolled in the current study. Factors such as “serum NT-pro-BNP level above 8100 mg/dl,” “age above 79 years,” “without taking angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker,” “without taking beta-blocker,” “without taking loop diuretics,” “with mechanical ventilator support,” “with non-invasive ventilator support,” “with vasopressors use,” and “experience of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation” were found as independent predictors. A novel NT-pro BNP-based score composed of these risk factors was proposed with excellent predictability for in-hospital mortality. The proposed novel NT-pro BNP-based score was extremely effective in predicting in-hospital mortality in HF patients.
TL;DR: Investigation of the effect of BDMC on the cell death via the cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in NCI H460 human lung cancer cells suggests that BDMC induced cell apoptosis through multiple signal pathways such as extrinsic, intrinsic and ES tress pathway.
Abstract: Curcuminoids are the major natural phenolic compounds found in the rhizome of many Curcuma species. Curcuminoids consist of a mixture of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC). Although numerous studies have shown that curcumin induced cell apoptosis in many human cancer cells, however, mechanisms of BDMC-inhibited cell growth and -induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells still remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the effect of BDMC on the cell death via the cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in NCI H460 human lung cancer cells. Flow cytometry assay was used to measure viable cells, cell cycle distribution, the productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ , mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ) and caspase-3, -8 and -9 activity. DNA damage and condension were assayed by Comet assay and DAPI staining, respectively. Western blotting was used to measure the changes of cell cycle and apoptosis associated protein expressions. Results indicated that BDMC significantly induced cell death through induced S phase arrest and induced apoptosis. Moreover, DMC induced DNA damage and condension, increased ROS and Ca2+ productions and decreased the levels of ΔΨm and promoted activities caspase-3, -8, and -9. Western blotting results showed that BDMC inhibited Cdc25A, cyclin A and E for causing S phase arrest, furthermore, promoted the expression of AIF, Endo G and PARP and the levels of Fas ligand (Fas L) and Fas were also up-regulated. Results also indicated that BDMC increased ER stress associated protein expression such as GRP78, GADD153, IRE1α, IRE1β, ATF-6α, ATF-6β, and caspase-4. Taken together, we suggest that BDMC induced cell apoptosis through multiple signal pathways such as extrinsic, intrinsic and ES tress pathway. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1899-1908, 2016.
TL;DR: The impact of the 2011 PCCVC eruption on the As levels of biota was more evident in pelagic-associated organisms (zooplankton and planktivorous fish), but only in the short term, suggesting a brief high bioavailability of As in water after ash deposition.
TL;DR: Results suggest that molecular pathways regulating protein homeostasis are altered during the evolution of NFT pathology in the NBM, which likely contribute to the disruption of protein turnover and neuronal survival of these vulnerable NBM neurons during the progression of AD.
TL;DR: Computational studies on the unusual ability of Pd(PtBu3 )2 to catalyze formation of highly reactive acid chlorides from aryl halides and carbon monoxide suggest that even difficult reductive eliminations can be rapid with CO association and ligand manipulation.
Abstract: We describe herein computational studies on the unusual ability of Pd(PtBu3 )2 to catalyze formation of highly reactive acid chlorides from aryl halides and carbon monoxide. These show a synergistic role of carbon monoxide in concert with the large cone angle PtBu3 that dramatically lowers the barrier to reductive elimination. The tertiary structure of the phosphine is found to be critical in allowing CO association and the generation of a high energy, four coordinate (CO)(PR3 )Pd(COAr)Cl intermediate. The stability of this complex, and the barrier to elimination, is highly dependent upon phosphine structure, with the tertiary steric bulk of PtBu3 favoring product formation over other ligands. These data suggest that even difficult reductive eliminations can be rapid with CO association and ligand manipulation. This study also represents the first detailed exploration of all the steps involved in palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reactions with simple phosphine ligands, including the key rate-determining steps and palladium(0) catalyst resting state in carbonylations.