University of Saint Mary

About: University of Saint Mary is a education organization based out in Leavenworth, Kansas, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 2276 authors who have published 2399 publications receiving 58990 citations. The organization is also known as: University of St. Mary & University of St Mary.

Occupational Stress in Canadian Universities: A National Survey

Abstract: Vic Catano and Lori FrancisSaint Mary’s UniversityTed Haines, Haresh Kirpalani, Harry Shannon, and Bernadette StringerMcMaster UniversityLaura LozanzkiCanadian Association of University Teachers, Ottawa, ON, CanadaStress surveys in U.K. and Australian universities demonstrated high occu-pational stress levels among faculty. This study investigated whether the sameoccupational stressors and stress outcomes applied at Canadian universities. Ran-domly selected staff ( n 1440) from 56 universities completed a Web-basedquestionnaire. The response rate 27%, was similar to those in the U.K. and Austra-lian studies, as were most of the results. With respect to strain, 13% of the respon-dents reported high psychological distress and 22% reported elevated physicalhealth symptoms. Less secure employment status and work-life imbalance stronglypredicted job dissatisfaction; work-life imbalance strongly predicted increased psy-chological distress. Overall study participants were satised with their jobs andemotionally committed to their institutions. These results warrant consideration ofcontemporary academic work by both academic staff associations and universityadministrations with respect to the implementation of changes in policies andprocedures that might lead to reductions in work-related stress and strain.

The response of relativistic outflowing gas to the inner accretion disk of a black hole

Abstract: The brightness of an active galactic nucleus is set by the gas falling onto it from the galaxy, and the gas infall rate is regulated by the brightness of the active galactic nucleus; this feedback loop is the process by which supermassive black holes in the centres of galaxies may moderate the growth of their hosts1. Gas outflows (in the form of disk winds) release huge quantities of energy into the interstellar medium2, potentially clearing the surrounding gas. The most extreme (in terms of speed and energy) of these—the ultrafast outflows—are the subset of X-ray-detected outflows with velocities higher than 10,000 kilometres per second, believed to originate in relativistic (that is, near the speed of light) disk winds a few hundred gravitational radii from the black hole3. The absorption features produced by these outflows are variable4, but no clear link has been found between the behaviour of the X-ray continuum and the velocity or optical depth of the outflows, owing to the long timescales of quasar variability. Here we report the observation of multiple absorption lines from an extreme ultrafast gas flow in the X-ray spectrum of the active galactic nucleus IRAS 13224−3809, at 0.236 ± 0.006 times the speed of light (71,000 kilometres per second), where the absorption is strongly anti-correlated with the emission of X-rays from the inner regions of the accretion disk. If the gas flow is identified as a genuine outflow then it is in the fastest five per cent of such winds, and its variability is hundreds of times faster than in other variable winds, allowing us to observe in hours what would take months in a quasar. We find X-ray spectral signatures of the wind simultaneously in both low- and high-energy detectors, suggesting a single ionized outflow, linking the low- and high-energy absorption lines. That this disk wind is responding to the emission from the inner accretion disk demonstrates a connection between accretion processes occurring on very different scales: the X-ray emission from within a few gravitational radii of the black hole ionizing the disk wind hundreds of gravitational radii further away as the X-ray flux rises.

Alkali Metals: Organometallic Chemistry

Abstract: Organolithium complexes, like the organomagnesium Grignard Reagents, are important reactants in organic synthesis. The similarity in structure, bonding, and reactivity of organolithium and -magnesium compounds exemplifies the common chemistry exhibited by representative elements that appear in the same diagonal in the periodic table. Although much debate exists over the degree of covalency within lithium – carbon-bonding interactions, the presence of some covalent character in LiC bonds of alkyllithium compounds is widely accepted. The bonding interactions within organoalkali metal complexes of the heavier alkali metals are generally considered to be strongly electrostatic or ionic in nature. This is supported by a large collection of evidence, consisting primarily of solution NMR data, single-crystal X-ray analyses, and gas-phase computational studies. Many of the organolithium compounds are soluble in hydrocarbons, but organometallic compounds of the heavier group 1 metals generally require more polar solvents. In general, the reactivity of the alkali metals and the reactivity of the organometallic compounds of these metals increase as we go down the group or column. Organoalkali metal compounds are similar to, but more reactive than Grignard reagents. Organoalkali metal compounds are both air- and moisture-sensitive and are sometimes pyrophoric. In addition, organoalkali metal compounds will react as Bronsted bases with protic reagents. Specific details regarding the synthesis, reactivity, and structures of various types of organoalkali metal compounds will be discussed. Keywords: alkali; organoalkali; lithium; sodium; potassium; rubidium; cesium; allyl; cyclopentadienyl; alkyl; aryl; pentadienyl

The mediating effect of burnout on the relationship between structural empowerment and organizational citizenship behaviours

Abstract: gilbert s., laschinger h.k.s. &leiter m (2010) Journal of Nursing Management18, 339–348 The mediating effect of burnout on the relationship between structural empowerment and organizational citizenship behaviours Aim We used Kanter’s (1977) structural empowerment theory to examine the influence of structural empowerment and emotional exhaustion on healthcare professionals’ use of organizational citizenship behaviours directed at the organization (OCBO) and peers (OCBI). Background Organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB) are discretionary behaviours that are not rewarded directly by the organization but have been linked to positive outcomes, such as increased job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions. Promoting OCB can help employees and organizations flourish despite current challenges in the healthcare system. Structural empowerment may influence the frequency and type of OCB by reducing burnout. Method We conducted multiple mediated regression analyses to test two hypothesized models about relationships between empowerment, emotional exhaustion and two types of OCB (OCBI and OCBO) in a sample of 897 healthcare professionals in five Canadian hospitals. Results Emotional exhaustion was found to be a significant mediator of the relationship between empowerment and OCBO. The predicted mediation of the empowerment/OCBI relationship by emotional exhaustion was not supported. Conclusions Exhaustion was an important mediator of empowering working conditions and OCBO, but was not significantly related to OCBI. Empowerment was significantly related to both OCBO and OCBI. Implications for nursing management Promoting empowerment among healthcare workers may decrease burnout and promote OCB. Specific managerial strategies are discussed in the present study.