Showing papers by "University of the Philippines published in 1989"
TL;DR: Protamine alkylation appears to be a significant cause of acrylamide-induced genetic damage in spermiogenic cells of the mouse.
Abstract: Mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 14 C-labeled acrylamide (AA) at an exposure of 125 mg/kg to equal that used in genetic studies carried out by Shelby et al. (1986). Subsequently, spermatozoa were recovered from the reproductive tracts of the animals over a 3-week period and assayed for the amount of bound AA. A strong increase in the level of binding occurred in late-spermatid to early-spermatozoa stages; these same stages are also genetically most sensitive to the action of AA. At all time points, alkylation of DNA within the sperm accounted for a very small fraction (generally
109 citations
TL;DR: The results provide no evidence that short‐term use of oral contraceptives enhances risk of liver cancer in countries where the determinants of this disease are similar to those observed in the countries where this study was conducted.
Abstract: A multi-national, hospital-based, case-control study was conducted to evaluate the possible relationships of steroid contraceptives to 6 neoplasms. Based on data from 122 newly diagnosed cases of primary liver cancer and 802 matched controls, the relative risk of liver cancer in women who had ever used combined oral contraceptives was estimated to be 0.71 (95% Cl 0.4–1.2). No consistent trend in risk with months of use or time since first or last use was observed. Separate analyses also revealed no association between use of combined oral contraceptives and hepatocellular carcinoma (RR = 0.60) or cholangiocarcinoma (RR = 1.22). Most women in this study came from areas in which hepatitis B is endemic and rates of liver cancer are relatively high, and in most cases use of oral contraceptives was of short duration. These results provide no evidence that short-term use of oral contraceptives enhances risk of liver cancer in countries where the determinants of this disease are similar to those observed in the countries where this study was conducted.
73 citations
TL;DR: The horizontal and vertical distribution as well as the possible transport mechanism of zoeae are discussed in relation to the existing current systems and the orientation behaviour of the larvae.
Abstract: The Ragay Gulf situated at the southeastern part of Luzon is an important fishing area especially for the blue crabs. Commercial landings are caught by traps, gillnets and trawls. Most prevalent catching method is by means of baited traps called “Bubo” in Pilipino. Landings fluctuate yearly and were 641 t in 1984 and 210 t in 1985. The hydrographic situation especially the current system changes seasonally with existing monsoon periods. Females of the blue swimming crab in the Gulf reach maturity at a mean carapace width of 10.5 cm. In tank experiments they spawned 13 days after copulation. Though berried females were found throughout the whole year, two main spawning periods exist namely, one from February to April and another from July to October. Larvae hatched 5 to 6 days after oviposition at 29.5 °C and 4 zoea stages were observed. The horizontal and vertical distribution as well as the possible transport mechanism of zoeae are discussed in relation to the existing current systems and the orientation behaviour of the larvae. Because of the very few megalopa samples caught in this study, its distribution pattern has only preliminary character.
49 citations
TL;DR: Pagtatanong-tanong, a Filipino word which means "asking questions", has been identified as an indigenous research method in Philippine social science research as discussed by the authors, and its usefulness in cross-cultural studies particularly those among ethnic minority groups.
44 citations
TL;DR: A mixture of acylglucosyl sterols was isolated from the green fruits of Momordica charantia (balsam pear or bitter gourd) and the structure elucidated by high field 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and FTIR and chemical modification studies followed by spectral and chromatographic analysis as discussed by the authors.
34 citations
TL;DR: It was shown that, generally, the mothers were unable to recognize a severe infection and an education programme utilizing an informative print material was devised to upgrade the mother's ability to recognize signs of ARI and to improve her management of the condition.
Abstract: An epidemiological study of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in an urban community showed poor utilization of available health services. This prompted us to undertake this study to identify determinants of child care practices of mothers through a focus group discussion and survey of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers. The results will form the basis of appropriate health education strategy geared towards control of ARI. They showed that, generally, the mothers were unable to recognize a severe infection. Poor diagnostic ability compounded by a limited knowledge of the appropriate management of varying types or degrees of ARI resulted in inappropriate action. Consequently, there was a high rate of self-medication and a low rate of health service utilization. In addition, there was low compliance with childhood immunizations. With these limitations in the mother's knowledge and practices, an education programme utilizing an informative print material was devised to upgrade the mother's ability to recognize signs of ARI and to improve her management of the condition.
32 citations
TL;DR: In a one-year study of menstrual pattern changes, increased bleeding was found to occur with the same frequency as reduced bleeding, however, the changes experienced by the Asian women tended to be decreases, rather than increases, in menstrual bleeding.
30 citations
TL;DR: Extracts of the twigs and stems of the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum demonstrated toxicity to fish (Tilapia nilotica), and 5-O-Methylembelin was isolated and was shown to be toxic to fish.
Abstract: Extracts of the twigs and stems of the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum demonstrated toxicity to fish (Tilapia nilotica). 5-O-Methylembelin was isolated and was shown to be toxic to fish at a concentration of 1 ppm within a period of 75 min. The structure of 5-O-methylembelin was determined by a study of spectroscopic properties and comparison with an authentic synthetic sample.
29 citations
Journal Article•
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the appropriateness for Filipino students of the Self Description Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Shavelson model of self-concept on which it is based was examined.
Abstract: This paper examines the appropriateness for Filipino students of the Self Description Questionnaire (SDQ; Marsh 1986) and the Shavelson model of self-concept on which it is based. The Filipino concept of self is first considered. Then the results of an administration of the SDQ to 194 Manila public high-school students are reported. The item-total correlations and reliability coefficients obtained were encouraging. Factor analysis generally supported both the specific facets of the SDQ and the existence of an underlying general self-concept factor. The findings generally were in accord with the validity of both the SDQ and the Shavelson model of self-concept for Filipino subjects.
18 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that, in the Philippines, the fact of having a mother or father who has been infected in the past with HBV increases the risk of developing HCC but that the contribution of the mother to this increase in risk is not as important as hitherto believed.
Abstract: The present case-control study was carried out in the Philippines to determine the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in relation to different HBV serological profiles of parents and sibs of HCC cases and controls. The HBV serological profiles of parents and sibs of 33 patients with HCC were compared with those of 2 types of community control: 33 general population controls matched for sex and age (C1 controls) and 33 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers also matched for sex and age (C2 controls). When cases were compared with C1 controls, increased risks were associated with the fact of having an HBsAg-positive mother (RR = 2.5, 95% C1 = 0.4-26.3) and older sibs positive for HBsAg (RR = 2.0, 95% C1 = 0.5-9.1), but the increased risk was not statistically significant. However, a significantly increased risk was associated with the fact of having a mother (95% C1 = 3.5-infinity) or father (RR = 11, 95% C1 = 1.6-473) who had been exposed to HBV. On the other hand, when cases were compared with C2 controls, a non-significant 2-fold increase was associated with the fact of having an HBsAg-positive mother, but no differences were observed in the HBV serological profiles of their fathers and older sibs. These results suggest that, in the Philippines, the fact of having a mother or father who has been infected in the past with HBV increases the risk of developing HCC but that the contribution of the mother to this increase in risk is not as important as hitherto believed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of enzyme levels of α-d -galactosidase, β-d-mannanase, and β- d -mannosidases on the mode of galactomannan degradation in the developing and germinating nut and phenotype determination of both normal and makapuno nuts are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the structures of the leaves of Premna odorata were determined by means of NMR spectroscopy and chemical methods, and the structures were determined to be (2″-O -, 3″- O -dicaffeoyl, [2″ O -,, 3-IoO -(or 3-IIo -, 2-O )-feruloyl]-6- O −α- l -rhamnopyranosylcatalpols.
TL;DR: Within the context of a World Health Organization coordinated collaborative study health workers in six developing countries were assessed 18 months after their training for improvement in their knowledge and attitude towards mental health problems and their management.
Abstract: Within the context of a World Health Organization coordinated collaborative study health workers in six developing countries were assessed 18 months after their training for improvement in their knowledge and attitude towards mental health problems and their management. The approaches to training varied between study areas, but the degree of improvement following the training, was of equal magnitude in all countries. The training process has formalized the recognition by the health workers that treatment of mental health problems is an integral part of their work.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the ethanol stripping characteristics of bubble columns to eliminate product inhibition for the improvement of the productivity of the fermentation process and found that the stripping rate of ethanol was strongly dependent on the flow rate of CO 2 gas supplied and temperature.
TL;DR: In this article, the nutritional, microbiological and sensory qualities of peanut beverages processed at 85°C, 100°C and 121°C for 15 min and 3 sec, respectively, were determined.
Abstract: Nutritional, microbiological and sensory qualities of peanut beverages processed at 85°C, 100°C and 121°C for 15 min and 121°C for 3 sec were determined. Heating improved the digestibility of peanut beverages, particularly those processed at 121°C for 3 sec and 85°C for 15 min. Methionine was particularly sensitive to the treatment at 121°C. The limiting amino acids were threonine, cystine, valine, lysine and tyrosine. No microbial growth was observed in products processed at 100°C and 121°C followed by storage at 4°C and 30°C for 20 days. Beverage processed at 85°C and stored at 30°C for 3 days contained an aerobic microbial population of 2.4 × 104 CFU/mL. The beany flavor was least pronounced in beverages processed at 100°C for 15 min and strongest at 121°C for 3 sec.
TL;DR: The empirical results for the Philippines and Korea indicate that the potential for future immigration through the family reunification entitlements of the immigration law is lower than has previously been suggested.
Abstract: This article explores the effect of chaining through the petitioning of relatives on the demand for future immigrant visas [to the United States]. The data for the study come from a 1986 survey of 3911 respondents from the Philippines and the Republic of Korea who were interviewed in Manila and Seoul just after they had received their U.S. immigrant visas. Analyses are conducted to derive different types of multipliers that may be used in estimating the effects of chain migration....The empirical results for the Philippines and Korea indicate that the potential for future immigration through the family reunification entitlements of the immigration law is lower than has previously been suggested. This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1987 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index Vol. 53 No. 3 Fall 1987 p. 385). (EXCERPT)
TL;DR: It was estimated that mother to infant transmission accounts for about one third of HBsAg positivity at one year of age, and the implications of these findings in the planning of vaccination campaigns to prevent HBV infections are discussed.
Abstract: A follow-up study of mother to infant transmission of hepatitis B virus was conducted in the Philippines between 1981 and 1983. The prevalence of HBsAg among 527 mothers was 8.5%. Overall, seven out of 17 (41.2%) infants born to HBsAg carrier mothers became HBsAg positive within the first 12 months of life. The risk of becoming HBsAg positive was about 20 times higher for infants born to HBsAg positive mothers than for infants born to HBsAg negative mothers (OR=18.9, 95% Ci=2.0−86.6). The risk was even higher if the mother was a carrier of both HBsAg und HBeAg (OR=91.0, 95% Ci=49.2−164.8). However, the risk of transmission was very low if the mother was an HBsAg carrier and anti-HBe positive. It was estimated that mother to infant transmission accounts for about one third of HBsAg positivity at one year of age. The implications of these findings in the planning of vaccination campaigns to prevent HBV infections are discussed.
01 Dec 1989
TL;DR: It was concluded that visitor-companions may usefully serve as an alternative source of controls for case-control studies when their limitations are taken into consideration during analysis.
Abstract: Hospital visitor-companions are being used as a source of controls in an ongoing case-control study on breast cancer in the Philippines. As a tool for rapid epidemiologic assessment in obtaining research data for case-control studies, visitor-companions may serve as an alternative source of controls. To determine their generalizability and consistency, this proposed group was compared to neighbourhood controls and to hospital-patient controls. Hospital visitor-companions were comparable to neighbourhood controls in terms of cooperation in the interviews, height, weight, marital status, longest residence, education, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, annual income, proportion with salaried jobs, ownership of house, land, and business, number of people living in the house, number of siblings, medical history, parity, menopausal status, breast feeding practices, and use of oral contraceptives. Neighbourhood controls however had longer interview durations than visitor-companion controls (p less than 0.05). Hospital-patient controls were less likely to breast feed, had lower alcohol intake, and had more exposure to chronic diseases and diagnostic x-ray than visitor-companion or neighbourhood controls (p less than 0.05). It was concluded that visitor-companions may usefully serve as an alternative source of controls for case-control studies when their limitations are taken into consideration during analysis.
TL;DR: The results of the Micronucleus Test showed that the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE)/1000 PCE for this compound is higher than that of the solvent control, dimethylsulfoxide, and approximates that ofThe positive control, tetracycline, which indicates that 4(alpha-L-rhamnosyloxy)phenylacetonitrile is a genotoxic compound.
Abstract: A mutagenic compound was isolated from roasted seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. Its structure has been elucidated by spectral analysis as 4(alpha-L-rhamnosyloxy)phenylacetonitrile. The results of the Micronucleus Test, an in vivo method, showed that the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE)/1000 PCE for this compound is higher than that of the solvent control, dimethylsulfoxide, and approximates that of the positive control, tetracycline. This indicates that 4(alpha-L-rhamnosyloxy)phenylacetonitrile is a genotoxic compound.
TL;DR: A review of the nomenclatural history of Thamnobryum subserratum and subseriatum shows that the former, which ranges widely from the Himalayas to Southeast Asia, has been misrepresented in the literature as “subSeriatum,” and that the latter, which appears to be a Japanese endemic, has be called a superfluous name.
Abstract: A review of the nomenclatural history ofThamnobryum subserratum andThamnobryum subseriatum shows that the former, which ranges widely from the Himalayas to Southeast Asia, has been misrepresented in the literature asThamnobryum “subseriatum,” and that the latter, which appears to be a Japanese endemic, has been called a superfluous name,Thamnobryum sandei. A new combination,Thamnobryum subseriatum (Mitt. ex Sande Lac.) Tan, is proposed for the Japanese endemic and its lectotype hereby designated. In addition, morphological differences between the two taxa are discussed.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the economic effects of the trade liberalization program on the Philippine agricultural sector, using a 25-sector computable general equilibrium model of the Philippine economy.
Abstract: This paper evaluates the economic effects of the trade liberalization program on the Philippine agricultural sector, using a 25-sector computable general equilibrium model of the Philippine economy. The paper discusses the extent of the tariff reforms and the import liberalization program in agriculture, indicating the bias of these reform against the agricultural sector. Their economic effects are computed using the CGE model. In addition to these reforms, the study also assesses the economic effects of alternative tariff policy reforms including uniform tariff rates, higher agricultural tariffs, and lower industrial tariffs.
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: In the absence of substantial external aid, reliance on agricultural resource transfers appears to be the inevitable course for a predominantly agricultural developing country as discussed by the authors, where saving from the sector is the major proportion of capital formation, especially at low levels of per capita income.
Abstract: A central dogma in development economics stressed the role of resource transfers from agriculture in the process of structural transformation: saving from the sector is supposed to support the major proportion of capital formation, especially at low levels of per capita income. In the absence of substantial external aid, reliance on agricultural resource transfers appears to be the inevitable course for a predominantly agricultural developing country.
TL;DR: In this paper, work done in six nations by seven research groups on carbofuran metabolism in rice-fish ecosystem is summarized. And the following results have been obtained: (a) Soil acts as a sink for the pesticide and there is considerable metabolism in the soil; (b) There is no bioaccumulation/biomagnification by the fish used in the experiments, the residue levels in water being extremely low; and (c) The plants translocate the chemical and even at the time of harvest, the grains show the presence of the pesticide.
Abstract: Work done in six nations by seven research groups on Carbofuran metabolism in rice-fish ecosystem is summarized. The following results have been obtained: (a) Soil acts as a sink for the pesticide and there is considerable metabolism in the soil; (b) There is no bioaccumulation/biomagnification by the fish used in the experiments, the residue levels in water being extremely low; and (c) The plants translocate the chemical and even at the time of harvest, the grains show the presence of the pesticide.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: After only one dose of omeprazole, 50% of the patients on each dose no longer reported pain in their diary cards and after 4 weeks most patients were symptom-free.
Abstract: This study was an open evaluation of omeprazole, 20 mg or 40 mg once daily, for the treatment of gastric ulcer. Thirty-four Filipino patients, 22 with gastric (GU) and 12 with prepyloric (PPU) ulcers at least 5 mm in diameter were recruited. In terms of ulcer size and number of ulcers per patient, the 40 mg group had more severe ulcer disease. Twenty-two patients (15 GU and seven PPU) received 20 mg omeprazole and 12 patients (eight GU and four PPU) received 40 mg for 2-8 weeks, according to healing. Ulcers were assessed endoscopically every 2 weeks and a biopsy was performed (when unhealed) to exclude malignancy. Symptoms were recorded at each visit to the clinic and also in daily diary cards. Ulcer-healing rates were assessed for all patients who fulfilled protocol requirements at any one visit and were as follows at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, respectively, for 20 mg: 50%, 70%, 85% and 95%; for 40 mg: 50%, 75%, 92% and 92%; and for all patients: 50%, 72%, 88%, and 94%. Results at 4, 6 and 8 weeks excluded two patients who were lost to follow-up. All patients who completed the study and whose ulcers were less than or equal to 20 mm in size (24) were healed as well as six of eight patients with ulcers greater than 20 mm. At entry, all but one patient reported symptoms. After only one dose of omeprazole, 50% of the patients on each dose no longer reported pain in their diary cards and after 4 weeks most patients were symptom-free.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived a dissipation rate formula that generalizes the Hillman and Katz formula, assuming that monopoly rent is uncertain, and they showed that for large enough variance, the Dissipation rate increases with mean monopoly rent.
TL;DR: The micromethod was shown to be cost-effective when the cost of hepatitis B vaccine was high, but with increasingly reduced costs of the vaccine, it may have a limited role in a programme of mass immunization for hepatitis B.
Abstract: We developed a simple micromethod for identifying mothers who are most likely to transmit hepatitis B infection to their infants, using reverse passive haemagglutination for detecting HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) in capillary blood. This screening method was evaluated against other strategies for hepatitis B control by means of decision- and cost-effectiveness analyses. The micromethod was shown to be cost-effective when the cost of hepatitis B vaccine was high. However, with increasingly reduced costs of the vaccine, it may have a limited role in a programme of mass immunization for hepatitis B.
TL;DR: In this paper, responses to the Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS) and measures of self-concept and academic achievement were obtained from 194 Filipino secondary-school students, and evidence of the reliability, factor analysis, and construct validity of the SAS scales supported the further usage of this instrument with Filipino subjects.
Abstract: Responses to the Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS) and measures of self-concept and academic achievement were obtained from 194 Filipino secondary-school students. Evidence of the reliability, factor analysis, and construct validity of the SAS scales supported the further usage of this instrument with Filipino subjects. However, factor analysis questioned the applicability of the attributional dimensions proposed by Weiner to the area of academic self-attributions. Support was found for Marsh's claim that the “self-serving bias” is dependent on the particular cause under consideration.