Showing papers by "University of Turku published in 1983"
TL;DR: Compared with healthy athletes, the results suggest struc tural and functional differences in the feet and ankles between healthy athletes and those with shin splints.
Abstract: Thirteen adult male athletes (long-distance runners and orienteerers without foot problems) and 35 male athletes with shin splints were compared with respect to: 1) the position of the lower leg and the heel while standing, 2) the passive range of mobility in the subtalar joint, and 3) the angular displacement between the calcaneus and the midline of the lower leg (Achilles tendon angle) while running with bare feet on a treadmill. In standing, the two groups differed statistically significantly in the Achilles tendon angle, which values were greater in the shin splint group. With respect to passive mobility, the athletes with shin splints had significantly greater (P less than 0.05-0.01) angular displacement values in inversion, eversion, and in their sum than the control group. While running, the Achilles tendon angle of the shin splint group was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) at the heel strike. Further, the shin splints group had a significantly greater (P less than 0.01) angular displacement between the heel strike and the maximal everted position. The results suggest structural and functional differences in the feet and ankles between healthy athletes and those with shin splints.
231 citations
TL;DR: Clinically cryptosporidiosis could not be distinguished from giardiasis, but its duration was shorter, strong abdominal pain and cramps were commoner, and bloating, anorexia, and weakness were less common.
166 citations
TL;DR: It seems likely that endothelial swelling hampers postischemic circulation in incomplete ischemia accompanied by high lactic acidosis, which has earlier been shown to aggravate structural damage of both neurons and glial cells in the rat cerebral cortex.
Abstract: Excessive tissue lactic acidosis has earlier been shown to aggravate structural damage of both neurons and glial cells in the rat cerebral cortex. To study the reactions of cortical capillaries, light- and electronmicroscopic morphometry was used. Rats were subjected to severe incomplete ischemia (cerebral blood flow below 5% of normal) for 30 min by clamping their carotid arteries and by lowering the blood pressure. Lactate production during ischemia was modified by preischemic administration of either saline (low lactic acidosis group) or glucose (high lactic acidosis group). In the animals with low lactic acidosis, only minimal vascular changes were seen after both 5 min and 90 min recirculation. In the high lactic acidosis group, the endothelial cells were swollen after 5 min of recirculation, and the changes grew markedly worse during 90 min of recirculation. Nuclear chromatin coarsened and mitochondria swelled up. Morphometry showed that the lumen narrowed as a result of endothelial swelling. In spite of variable degree of perivascular astrocytic edema, the outer capillary diameter was little changed in the experimental groups. It seems likely that endothelial swelling hampers postischemic circulation in incomplete ischemia accompanied by high lactic acidosis.
121 citations
TL;DR: Levodopa treatment improves significantly not only the parkinsonian disability but also the mortality rate and most cognitive skills improve initially, but long‐term levodopa Treatment is associated with declining intellectual capacity and dementia.
Abstract: — Levodopa treatment improves significantly not only the parkinsonian disability but also the mortality rate. However, during long-term levodopa treatment the therapeutic benefit gradually declines. Furthermore, most cognitive skills improve initially, but long-term levodopa treatment is associated with declining intellectual capacity and dementia.
In patients on long-term levodopa treatment there seems to be a low threshold for certain clinical side-effects, especially postural hypotension, psychiatric disturbances and various types of fluctuations in disability. Low age at onset of Parkinson's disease, and at the commencement of levodopa therapy, the duration of levodopa treatment and a high dose of levodopa seem to be significant risk factors for the development of response fluctuations, but not the pretreatment duration of Parkinson's disease nor the disability of the patients.
A readjustment of the levodopa dosage, and as an adjuvant drug treatment, deprenyl, a specific inhibitor of MAO type B, or a direct-acting dopamine agonist may prove helpful in the management of fluctuations in disability. It is important, moreover, to try to prevent these phenomena by taking into account the predictive risk factors of response fluctuations in the treatment strategy of Parkinson's disease.
96 citations
TL;DR: The significance of date of birth, nasal eosinophilia and serum IgE levels seemed to be relatively low in atopic dermatitis while these parameters had a correlation to the development of respiratory atopies.
Abstract: 543 children were followed up from birth to 5 years of age. Children with a positive history of parents' atopy had a 51% occurrence of respiratory or dermal symptoms of atopy vs. a 19% occurrence among children with no family history of atopy. There was an association between asthma and allergic rhinitis while atopic dermatitis occurred equally in children with or without respiratory symptoms. The clinical course of atopic symptoms could not be correlated to the family history of atopy. The significance of date of birth, nasal eosinophilia and serum IgE levels seemed to be relatively low in atopic dermatitis while these parameters had a correlation to the development of respiratory atopies.
93 citations
TL;DR: It is proved that it is decidable whether a given morphism of the above form generates a cube-free ω-word and it is shown that no more than 10 steps of iterations are needed to solve the problem.
90 citations
TL;DR: The results show that dog hypersensitivity is an important cause of allergic disorders in asthmatic children, and that the common presence of dog dander antigens in the authors' environment may induce dog allergy even without direct exposure to dogs.
Abstract: . The occurrence of dog hypersensitivity in 203 unselected asthmatic children was investigated by means of the skin prick test, the provocation test and RAST. The history of past and present exposure to dogs, symptoms in contact with dogs, and the effects of pet avoidance were examined. The amount of dog dander antigens was analyzed by counter-immunoelectrophoresis from dust samples from 67 homes. A history of past or present dog hypersensitivity was obtained from 120 subjects (59%). A positive (≧++) prick test reaction was observed in 113 (56%), a positive provocation test result in 84 (41%) and a RAST class ≧ 1 in 140 (69%). The serum levels of IgE antibodies to dog dander correlated significantly with serum total IgE and the frequency of asthmatic attacks. The occurrence of dog allergy was not significantly associated with past or present exposure to dogs at home. However, the children who were exposed to dogs during the first year of life had dog allergy more often than those with late or without exposure. Significant amounts of dog dander antigen were also found in dust samples from homes where dogs have never been kept. Serum samples from previous years were available from 24 patients. Rising or steadily high levels of IgE antibodies to dog dander were observed even in subjects who strictly avoided dogs. The results show that dog hypersensitivity is an important cause of allergic disorders in asthmatic children, and that the common presence of dog dander antigens in our environment may induce dog allergy even without direct exposure to dogs.
89 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that, when ovigerous and non-ovigerous females were presented to predators, a significant preference for ovigers was found in high densities of prey, and testable predictions on the evolutionary effects of predation were deduced.
Abstract: In studying the relevance of the predation hypothesis as an explanation for the vertical migration of zooplankton two predictions were tested: 1) The egg sacs of Eurytemora are sufficient to cause different predation pressure in food selection experiments with visually hunting planktivores as predators and ovigerous vs. non-ovigerous Eurytemora females as prey. 2) If copepods avoid predation by vertical migration, there should occur differences in the vertical distribution pattern of ovigerous and non-ovigerous females according to selective predation. The results showed that, when ovigerous and non-ovigerous females were presented to predators, a significant preference for ovigerous females was found in high densities of prey. No preference was found in experiments with males vs. non-ovigerous females and at low copepod densities. In a field study we found that non-ovigerous females distributed throughout the water column preferred the deeper parts. Ovigerous females were also abundant in deeper waters but almost totally avoided the surface layer above 20 m. Thus our results support the predation hypothesis when the adaptive value of vertical migration is considered.On the basis of our results we deduced testable predictions on the evolutionary effects of predation: 1) In heavily foraged communities there is strong coevolution among the prey to resemble each other in terms of which are critical in selective predation. 2) If the carrying of an egg sac is considered as parental care, it is likely that parental care occurs more seldom in environments with high predation.
89 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the underlying causes for erythroderma have remained rather unchanged during several decades, and that the majority of present-day ery Throderma patients can expect a favorable prognosis.
Abstract: Fifty consecutive cases of erythroderma were studied. The mean onset age was 61 years, and thirty-three of the fifty were male. As a causative factor, a preexisting dermatosis was identified in twenty-one cases, topical sensitization to drugs in six cases, reaction to internal drugs in five cases, and mycosis fungoides in two cases. In sixteen cases a causative factor could not be disclosed. A follow-up survey of the patients at a mean of 6 years after the start of the erythroderma indicated that seventeen patients had cleared completely, twelve patients had less symptoms than initially, and six suffered from undiminished erythroderma. Ten patients had died from causes unrelated to the erythroderma. It is concluded that the underlying causes for erythroderma have remained rather unchanged during several decades, and that the majority of present-day erythroderma patients can expect a favorable prognosis.
88 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that these compounds cause hypolipidemia not by enhancing the storage of peripheral lipids in adipose tissue but by preferentially increasing lipid utilization in the liver.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a search for all integrable hamiltonian systems of type H = ( 1 2 )p x 2 + p y 2 + V(x,y), where V is a polynomial in x and y of degree 5 or less and the second invariant is a polytope in px and py of order 4 or less.
TL;DR: The occurrence of circulating IgA-class AGA is compatible with the hypothesis that these antibodies can be deposited in the skin, e.g. as immune complexes, or due to cross-reactivity of gliadin and dermal reticulin.
Abstract: A sensitive and technically simple enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to demonstrate circulating IgA- and IgG-class antibodies to gliadin, a component of wheat gluten. Serum samples from 24 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), 5 with coeliac disease (CD) and 75 normal controls were analysed. Antigliadin antibodies (AGA) of the IgA class were detected in 71% of DH patients, all of the CD patients and 19% of the controls. IgG-AGA was found in over 90% of DH patients and controls and in all of the CD patients. The mean ELISA values of both IgA- and IgG-class AGA were significantly higher in DH patients than in the controls. The occurrence of circulating IgA-class AGA is compatible with the hypothesis that these antibodies can be deposited in the skin, e.g. as immune complexes, or due to cross-reactivity of gliadin and dermal reticulin.
TL;DR: A randomized comparative performance study of two levonorgestrel intrauterine devices (IUDs) and a copper (Nova-T) IUD was performed at two clinics in Finland and one in Brazil, and recorded significantly fewer days of bleeding than the Nova-T IUD from the second month of use onward until the end of the second year.
TL;DR: The group has developed assays for the detection of seven respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions and these assays have now been successfully applied on a routine basis in the diagnostic laboratory.
Abstract: Highly sensitive immunoassays have proved to be valuable in the diagnosis of viral infections because viral antigens can be directly detected in clinical specimens by these assays This technology was first widely used in the radioimmunoassay of hepatitis B surface antigen in serum (Ling and Overby 1972) and later applied to the detection of gastroenteritis viruses in stool (Halonen and Meurman 1982) Our group has also developed assays for the detection of seven respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions (Sarkkinen et al 1981a-c), and these assays have now been successfully applied on a routine basis in our diagnostic laboratory Immuno-assays are now widely used in the detection of antiviral antibodies and particularly in the assay of IgM antibodies
TL;DR: Observations on salivary testosterone are in accordance with the diffusion of non-protein-bound steroids into peripheral tissues, and consequently into their secretions, however, this model does not appear to be applicable to the sex accessory glands.
Abstract: A sensitive, specific and precise non-chromatographic method for the radioimmunoassay of testosterone in human seminal plasma and saliva from adult and pubertal males is described, and the values compared to total and non-protein-bound testosterone levels in serum There was a significant correlation between salivary and serum-free levels of testosterone (r = 075, P less than 0001, n = 67) whilst the correlation of serum levels of total testosterone with free as well as with salivary testosterone levels was weaker (r = 063 and 064, respectively) The salivary and serum levels of free testosterone showed better correlation with the stage of puberty than did the serum levels of total testosterone Further evidence for a correlation between salivary and serum levels of free testosterone was obtained following oral administration of testosterone undecanoate, as this treatment increased the mean concentration of serum total testosterone after 3 h by 82%, but increased salivary and serum levels of free testosterone by only 30% and 20%, respectively The coefficient of correlation between serum levels of total testosterone and seminal plasma testosterone was 073 (P less than 0001), whilst the correlation between levels of serum-free testosterone with both salivary and seminal plasma levels of testosterone was statistically non-significant Our observations on salivary testosterone are in accordance with the diffusion of non-protein-bound steroids into peripheral tissues, and consequently into their secretions This model, however, does not appear to be applicable to the sex accessory glands
TL;DR: Ultraviolet spectroscopic and luminometric monitoring of PC oxygenation supported the view that a specific bile salt-PC complex instead of monomer phospholipid was required in the catalysis by lipoxygenase-1.
TL;DR: The equivalence and inclusion problems for finite and rational systems of equations are shown to be decidable and, consequently, the validity of Ehrenfeucht's conjecture implies the decidability of the HDOL and DTOL sequence equivalence problems.
TL;DR: Status epilepticus of 1 and 2 h duration was induced by bicuculline before the seizures were arrested by i.v. injection of diazepam and cerebral cortical tissue was studied by light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM).
Abstract: It was earlier shown that bicuculline-induced status epilepticus gives rise to profound acute changes in the rat cerebral cortex, ie edema and neuronal alterations In the present study, we explored to what extent interruption of the seizure activity reverses the changes observed To that end, status epilepticus of 1 and 2 h duration was induced by bicuculline before the seizures were arrested by iv injection of diazepam The brain was then fixed by vascular perfusion either 5 min (1 h of seizures) or 2 h (1 and 2 h of seizures) of recovery and cerebral cortical tissue was studied by light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) Already 5 min following the arrest of seizure activity most of the astrocytic edema had disappeared, and the number of injured neurons was clearly reduced After 2 h of recovery, following 1 h of status epilepticus, the edema was virtually absent, and only few injured cells were found (only about 1% of the neuronal population) When recovery was instituted after 2 h of status epilepticus, numerous dark, triangular neurons were found In the last group an adequate blood pressure could not be obtained Therefore, the cellular alterations observed were probably not the result of the seizure activityper se After 5 min of recovery, EM studies showed condensed, dark-staining injured neurons, similar to those previously observed in non-recovery animals However, an increased incidence of swollen mitochondria was observed After 2 h of recovery a few severely injured neurons remained which showed signs of progressive injury with fragmentation of the cell body
TL;DR: Root caries was found 1.6 times more often among men than women and among men 2.23% and among women 1.19% of teeth were affected by root caries.
Abstract: A sample of 8000 persons was drawn to represent the Finnish population aged 30 years and over. The participation rate was 89.9%. Root caries was recorded when the lesion was obviously soft and more than half of it was located on cementum. Lesions adjacent to fillings were not included. The reproducibility and the standard of the clinical recordings were tested by reexamining 20% of the studied population 2-6 months after the first clinical examination. The overall prevalence of root caries was 21.6% for men and 14.5% for women. The prevalence increased for both sexes almost consistently with age. Root caries was found 1.6 times more often among men than women. Among men 2.23% and among women 1.19% of teeth were affected by root caries.
TL;DR: The present results suggest that fibronectin is intimately involved in the sexual differentiation of the gonads, but not under the regulation of H-Y antigen or other testis-organizing factor.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that a certain arithmetic conjecture concerning the divisor function implies best possible bounds for the classical error terms Δ(x) and E(T).
Abstract: In two earlier papers with the same title, we studied connections between Voronoi’s formula in the divisor problem and Atkinson’s formula for the mean square of Riemann’s zeta-function. Now we consider this correspondence in terms of segments of sums appearing in these formulae and show that a certain arithmetic conjecture concerning the divisor function implies best possible bounds for the classical error terms Δ(x) and E(T).
TL;DR: It is indicated that the first immunoglobulins which appear after a primary antigenic stimulus are of the IgM class, and these then disappear rapidly, usually within a few weeks, and are replaced by IgG antibodies that persist for a longer period.
Abstract: The presence of antibody activity in various serum immunoglobulin fractions was discovered as early as the 1930s (Heidelberger and Pedersen 1937; Kabat 1939), but it took another 20 years before the specific characteristics of antibodies having different molecular weights were recognized (Stelos 1958) Subsequent studies conducted in experimental animals and in man using various antigens, including viruses, indicated that the first immunoglobulins which appear after a primary antigenic stimulus are of the IgM class These then disappear rapidly, usually within a few weeks, and are replaced by IgG antibodies that persist for a longer period IgG is also the predominant antibody class in secondary immune responses (Bauer and Stavitsky 1961; Uhr and Finkelstein 1963; Svehag and Mandel 1964) The precedence of IgM antibodies observed in these early studies was later criticized as being a methodological error (Osler 1978), and in some more recent studies IgM and IgG (and IgA) antibodies have been shown to appear almost simultaneously but with individual variation (Cradock-Watson et al 1979a; Halonen et al 1979a)
TL;DR: A single UVB or PUVA exposure given 4 days prior to skin testing affected skin responses both to contact allergens and to histamine and the histamine liberator, compound 48/80, and the attenuation of skin hypersensitivity reactions seemed to be independent of the degree of LC depletion.
Abstract: A single UVB or PUVA exposure given 4 days prior to skin testing affected skin responses both to contact allergens and to histamine and the histamine liberator, compound 48/80. The delayed contact hypersensitivity reactions were attenuated by UVB in 75% and by PUVA in 79% of the tests. The immediate skin reactions to histamine and compound 48/80 were diminished by UVB in 81% and by PUVA in 46% of the cases. While the epidermal Langerhans cell (LC) density was distinctly affected by irradiation, the attenuation of skin hypersensitivity reactions seemed to be independent of the degree of LC depletion. A significant correlation was, however, found between the strength of the erythemal reaction induced by the irradiation and the attenuation of the skin hypersensitivity test reactions; this was true for both delayed and immediate skin reactions in the case of UVB and for immediate skin reactions in the case of PUVA. The mechanism behind the attenuating effect of UV radiation on skin hypersensitivity reactions remains unknown, but it probably does not result from a stabilization of the mast cell membrane, as histamine and compound 48/80 induced reactions were suppressed to a similar extent.
TL;DR: A representative sample of the population aged 30 years and over, registered as living in Finland was drawn and number of teeth, age, sex, caries and filling scores, and education explained about 30% of the treatment need when tested by multiple linear regression analysis.
Abstract: A representative sample (n = 8000) was drawn from the population aged 30 years and over, registered as living in Finland. Periodontal disease status was recorded according to the modified Periodontal Treatment Need System (PTNS). Plaque retentions were examined separately. Of the subjects with four or more teeth 3.4% had a healthy periodontal status, while 10.2% of the jaw quadrants were healthy. Plaque retentions were found in 96.6% of the subjects and 90.9% of the jaw segments. Periodontal treatment need was calculated in three ways and was 195 +/- 111 (S.D.) min when the calculation was based on WHO recommendations (1978). Number of teeth, age, sex, caries and filling scores, and education explained about 30% of the treatment need when tested by multiple linear regression analysis.
TL;DR: The results suggested that the thermal vasomotor control was functional already in small preterm infants and it tended to increase with increasing maturity as does the autonomic cardiac control in general.
TL;DR: Icelanders proved to be larger than in Europeans generally, being exceeded only by Australian Aborigines, some American Indian populations, and American Negroes in comparison with Ohio Caucasians of Northwest European origin.
Abstract: Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters were measured from casts of 1010 dentitions of schoolchildren from Northeast Iceland. Their teeth proved to be larger than in Europeans generally, being exceeded only by Australian Aborigines, some American Indian populations, and American Negroes. In comparison with Ohio Caucasians of Northwest European origin Icelanders showed clearly larger dimensions, less sexual dimorphism, and a different pattern of dimorphism. Crown indices were also distinctly different in Icelanders and Ohio Caucasians
TL;DR: A new method for extracting pyridine nucleotides from tissue samples at room temperature that allows the simultaneous extraction of both the oxidized and reduced nucleotide when using a 70% buffered ethanol solution as the extractant has been developed.
TL;DR: Seven human lymph nodes showing different types of reactive change, were examined for the presence of acid cysteine-proteinase inhibitor (ACPI) by the peroxid enzyme-antiperoxidase method and the staining pattern indicated immunoreactivity of the dendritic reticulum cells.
Abstract: Seven human lymph nodes showing different types of reactive change, were examined for the presence of acid cysteine-proteinase inhibitor (ACPI) by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. A clear positive reaction was found in the germinal centres. The staining pattern indicated immunoreactivity of the dendritic reticulum cells, but the possibility that other cells, particularly histiocytic reticulum cells, may also react with antiserum raised against ACPI cannot be excluded.
TL;DR: A latex agglutination test using antisera prepared against Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (NCDV) is described, and results indicate that the LX is suitable for rapid screening of rotavirus gastroenteritis in clinical practice.
Abstract: A latex agglutination test (LX) using antisera prepared against Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (NCDV) is described for the detection of rotavirus in stool of children with acute gastroenteritis. The test was compared with electron microscopy (EM) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) with 100 stools positive or negative for rotavirus. Out of 53 stools positive in RIA or EM, 49 were positive in LX and 4 were negative. Two specimens negative in EM and RIA were falsely positive in LX. The method was also tested in two clinical series with 115 stools from 101 children. Altogether 67/115 stools were positive in RIA, and 62/115 in LX. Out of 7 stools with contradictory results, 6 were negative in LX but positive in RIA, and 1 was positive in LX but negative in RIA. The results indicate that the LX is suitable for rapid screening of rotavirus gastroenteritis in clinical practice.
TL;DR: The present results indicate that the role of A. israelii in the pathogenesis of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws has not been fully appreciated.