Showing papers by "University of Wollongong published in 1978"
TL;DR: The physiological basis of the environmental tolerances of the microorganisms in groups of the xerotolerant yeasts, moulds, and the halophilic algae, which represents some species of the genus Dunaliella is discussed.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the physiological basis of the environmental tolerances of the microorganisms in groups of the xerotolerant yeasts, moulds, and the halophilic algae, which represents some species of the genus Dunaliella. The chapter reviews the subject of microbial water stress with emphasis on physicochemical aspects of the problem. The chapter complements and emphasizes on biological and regulatory aspects. It is largely confined to eukaryotes. This chapter also discusses microbial activity under the former type of condition that is in a concentrated solution. There are several parameters by which the amount of thermodynamically available water in a solution can be described. Biologists have commonly used osmotic pressure, water activity, and water potential. Microbiologists have tended to use the first two, and plant physiologists have tended to use osmotic pressure and water potential. Water activity lacks the mechanistic overtones of osmotic pressure, and it has some practical advantages over water potential. The advantages include the relative ease by which it can be experimentally determined and mathematically manipulated.
397 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that the thyroid hormones act on cellular membranes altering the level of unsaturation of the membrane fatty acids, which affects membrane fluidity and hence membrane function.
73 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated intergranular and interphase cavitation in binary alpha/beta brass in tension at 600°C under conditions of superplastic deformation and found that cavities nucleate preferentially at α-β interfaces.
Abstract: Intergranular and interphase cavitation in binary alpha/beta brass has been investigated in tension at 600° C under conditions of superplastic deformation. The sites for nucleation of cavities has been studied by quantitative metallography and the cavities are observed to nucleate preferentially atα-β interfaces. The process of cavitation is associated with grain boundary sliding and cavity nucleation occurs at points of stress concentrations in the sliding interfaces. Measurements of grain and phase boundary sliding at various interfaces demonstrate that sliding occurred onα-β boundaries more readily than onα-α andβ-gb interfaces. The predominance ofα-β interface cavitation is believed to be as a result of greater sliding at theα-β boundary and of an unbalanced accommodation of sliding adjacent to this type of boundary.
57 citations
TL;DR: In geomorphological research in the Sydney region, the tenuous nature of the foundations on which the edifice was built was largely forgotten; what began as inference became regarded as fact as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Summary Since the triumph of the fluvialist school, and especially since the introduction of the cyclic model of landform evolution at the turn of this century, geomorphological research in the Sydney region has been pictured as an essentially orderly progression based on the rigorous testing of hypotheses against field evidence. But with the passage of time the tenuous nature of the foundations on which the edifice was built was largely forgotten; what began as inference became regarded as fact. Hypotheses where applied, rarely tested, and theory rather than field evidence became the ultimate court of appeal. Early accounts gave widely divergent explanations of the landscape. Even at the close of the nineteenth century, Edgeworth David still thought it necessary to refute Charles Darwin's arguments for a marine origin, though Darwin's case had been severely criticized fifty years earlier by J. D. Dana. While the earlier fluvialists undoubtedly paved the way for the advent of cyclic interpretations, the i...
37 citations
TL;DR: This article showed that deformed austenite transforms to upper bainite at temperatures at least as low as 200°C due to enhanced nucleation and/or growth at slip band heterogeneities generated by the defor-mation process.
Abstract: Deformation of austenite containing 0.85 pct C is shown to significantly increase the ten-sile strength of bainite formed during subsequent transformation. Quantitative metallo-graphic measurements indicate that strengthening is due primarily to an increased dislo-cation density in the ferrite and reduced carbide size, with consequent finer distribution, compared with the bainite formed from undeformed austenite. It is also shown that de-formed austenite transforms to upper bainite at temperatures at least as low as 200°C due to enhanced nucleation and/or growth at slip band heterogeneities generated by the defor-mation process while the only effect on the formation of lower bainite is a retardation of the transformation and reduction of ferrite plate size.
35 citations
01 Jun 1978
TL;DR: It is shown that the enormous velocities calculated on the basis of external observations of the slide can be explained by the new analytical approach suggested in this paper.
Abstract: Analysis of the Vajont Slide — New Approach
This paper is concerned with the analysis of the 1963 Vajont slide in Italy. Attention is drawn to the fact that numerous investigations have been consistently unsuccessful in explaining the slide. A new approach consistent with a progressive failure mechanism established by all comprehensive investigations is suggested in this paper. The analysis simulates the transformation of the slope from a condition of stability to one of limit-equilibrium and failure in a step-by-step process. It is shown that the enormous velocities calculated on the basis of external observations of the slide can be explained by the new analytical approach.
31 citations
25 citations
TL;DR: This paper describes the experience of adapting Unix to an Interdata 7/32 and its concise and elegant design and the careful selection of 'primitives' which it provides make it an ideal candidate for portability.
Abstract: The use of top-down design methods and high-level languages in producing portable applications software is well established. By applying the same principles at the systems programming level, portability can be extended to the operating system itself.Although the Unix operating system was developed for a specific computer (the DEC PDPll), its concise and elegant design and the careful selection of 'primitives' which it provides make it an ideal candidate for portability. This paper describes the experience of adapting Unix to an Interdata 7/32.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the diffusional transformations of austenite were examined and it was shown that separate C-curves are required for pearlite, upper bainite, lower bainites, and isothermal martensite.
Abstract: This paper examines the diffusional transformations of austenite and concludes that separateC-curves are required for pearlite, upper bainite, lower bainite and isothermal martensite. A schematic isothermal transformation diagram incorporating the four curves is presented for a plain carbon eutectoid steel and used to develop a schematic continuous cooling transformation diagram. These diagrams are shown to be more compatible with the available experimental information than are the usual diagrams based on a single transformation curve.
20 citations
TL;DR: A simple occluding device of the urethra has been described and the rationale for its configuration given and results so far justify a limited optimism that the device has a significant role to play in the management of male urinary incontinence.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a new index of cropping intensity from land use data and incorporated the length of time for which a crop stays in the field, a factor ignored in other indirect measures of Cropping intensity, in the new index.
Abstract: The measurement of agricultural intensity is fundamental to an understanding of spatial organization of agriculture. This paper develops a new index of cropping intensity from land use data. The length of time for which a crop stays in the field, a factor ignored in other indirect measures of cropping intensity, has been incorporated in the new index. To illustrate the method, cropping intensity in India is measured, mapped and discussed. Differences between the patterns derived from the new index and the traditional index are noted and explained.
TL;DR: Alkaloid Y has been shown by direct comparison of samples to be identical with Aristolactam BII, the lactam of 10-amino-3,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid as mentioned in this paper.
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: For example, this paper argued that science is neither invariant nor homogeneous, and pointed out that science can not produce either error or good, and so it had a privileged position among all sorts of ideologically engaged activities, which is considered a bearer of truth and reason, standing against dogma, superstition and oppression, and a weapon in the struggle against a variety of material and spiritual ills.
Abstract: That science, both as an institution and a body of knowledge, is neither invariant nor homogeneous is by now widely accepted. Thus Ravetz (1) has argued that three distinct varieties of science have been historically perceived and have been associated with particular interest groups:
(i)
‘Pure, academic science’ which was based on an ideology derived from nineteenth-century German universities:
Here science is totally inward looking, its only offerings to the outside world are general contributions to knowledge and culture, unpredictable technological applications, and the example of its endeavour (2).
(ii)
‘Ideologically engaged science’, which is considered a bearer of truth and reason, standing against dogma, superstition and oppression, and a weapon in the struggle against a variety of material and spiritual ills:
By its very nature science could not produce either error or evil, and so it had a privileged position among all sorts of ideologically engaged activities (3).
(iii)
‘Useful Science’ where ‘the results and methods of science are applied directly to technical and practical problems; and those external tasks provide stimuli, goals and partial justification for scientific work’ (4).
01 Dec 1978
TL;DR: The Bathurst batholith is a complex of massive granitic intrusions cutting across deformed early and middle Palaeozoic rocks of the Lachlan Fold Belt of New South Wales as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Bathurst batholith is a complex of massive granitic intrusions cutting across deformed early and middle Palaeozoic rocks of the Lachlan Fold Belt of New South Wales. An adamellite from Dunkeld, near the western edge of the batholith, has yielded K‐Ar ages of 304 ± 4 m.y. (total‐rock) and 301 ± 6 m.y. (biotite). Recalculated radiometric ages on rocks from the eastern end (Hartley) and northern edge (Yetholme), together with the new data from the western end (Dunkeld) of the Bathurst batholith yield a mean age of emplacement of 310 m.y. (8 values, standard deviation = 6.8 m.y.). This age is supported by Re‐Os data from molybdenite at Yetholme. As yet these data do not allow establishment of temporal relationships between separate intrusive phases of the Bathurst batholith, although the Durandal Adamellite at Yetholme appears to be the oldest phase yet dated.
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: Seberry and Seberry as mentioned in this paper showed that for every odd integer q there exists an integer t (dependent on q) so that there is a skewHadamard matrix of order 2tq.
Abstract: Recently I have proved that for every odd integer q there exists integers t and s (dependent on q) so that there is an Hadamard matrix of order 2tq and a symmetric Hadamard matrix with constant diagonal order 2s q2. We conjecture that "for every odd integer q there exists an integer t (dependent on q) so that there is a skewHadamard matrix of order 2tq”. This paper makes progress toward proving this conjecture. In particular we prove the result when q = 5 (mod 8) = s2 + 4r2 is a prime power and all orthogonal designs of type (l, a, b, c, c+│r│), where 1+a+b+2c+│r│ = 2t, exist in order 2t. Disciplines Physical Sciences and Mathematics Publication Details Seberry, J, On skew Hadamard matrices, Ars. Combinatoria, 6, 1978, 255-276. This journal article is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/infopapers/988 ON SKEW HADAMARD MATRICES
TL;DR: The absolute configuration of the 2-amino-4-methyl-hex-5-enoic acid isolated from Boletus was shown to be 2 S, 4 S, by an unambiguous synthesis of its dihydro derivative from 2 S -(−)-2-methylbutan-1-ol.
TL;DR: The absolute configurations of cryptopleurine and (-)-tylocrebrine have been established as R and S respectively by comparison of their optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism spectra with those of tylophorine as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The absolute configurations of cryptopleurine and (-)-tylocrebrine have been established as R and S respectively by comparison of their optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism spectra with those of tylophorine.
TL;DR: In the city of Wollongong, Australia, the distribution of landslides is related to mantles of ancient mass movement debris as mentioned in this paper, which may impede flow of water or mask important subsurface topography.
Abstract: Summary In the city of Wollongong, Australia, the distribution of landslides is related to mantles of ancient mass movement debris. These mantles sometimes move only as veneers on more deeply-seated failures of bedrock, but may impede flow of water or mask important subsurface topography. The frequency of landslides has increased since 1950, apparently because of higher rainfalls. However, the average excess of precipitation over evaporation is considered to be the most important climatic variable controlling long-term instability.
TL;DR: It is shown that for the Malthusian model the asymptotic birth rate is increased by exp (r/λ), where r is the rate of increase of the population before t = 0.
Abstract: The momentum of population growth problem of Keyfitz is generalized to contain a gradual change of the age-specific birth rate to the level of bare replacement. Assuming a time dependence for the net maternity function of the form
$$\frac{1}{R} + \left( {1 - {\textstyle{1 \over R}}} \right)e^{ - \lambda t} $$
, R being the net reproductive rate, we show that for the Malthusian model the asymptotic birth rate is increased by exp (r/λ), where r is the rate of increase of the population before t = 0. A numerical method for obtaining the asymptotic birth rate for a general net maternity function with the same time dependence is outlined.
TL;DR: In an earlier study of Scottish fertility, it was concluded that a substantial part of the areal variability in county and major city Crude Birth Rates could be attributed to variations in age structure and, to a lesser extent, socio-economic composition as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In an earlier study of Scottish fertility (Jones, 1975) it was concluded that a substantial part of the areal variability in county and major city Crude Birth Rates could be attributed to variations in age structure and, to a lesser extent, socio‐economic composition. Because Crude Birth Rate levels are affected by population composition this study seeks to determine the extent to which areal variations in reproduction can be attributed to behavioural rather than structural effects. It is suggested that areal differences in Scottish reproductive behaviour reflect well defined, deeply ingrained and temporally persistent differences within Scottish society.
TL;DR: A quantitative method for the simultaneous determination of five anticonvulsants in serum has been developed using chemical ionization mass spectrometry without prior chromatographic separation, allowing the routine analysis of 50 microliter of serum with good within-day and day-to-day precision.
Abstract: A quantitative method for the simultaneous determination of five anticonvulsants in serum has been developed using chemical ionization mass spectrometry without prior chromatographic separation. The technique was shown to be rapid, simple and sensitive, allowing the routine analysis of 50 microliter of serum with good within-day and day-to-day precision.
TL;DR: The present generalization allows for a time dependent transition from any net maternity function to another and, thus, includes all previous models.
Abstract: The asymptotic birth rate for a one-sex population in which the net maternity function changes to one of bare replacement was first discussed by Keyfitz and has since been studied by several authors. The present generalization allows for a time dependent transition from any net maternity function to another and, thus, includes all previous models.
TL;DR: In this article, the dispersion characteristics of some optical properties of vitrinites from a number of coals of differing coal rank and type were investigated using a microscope photometer.
Abstract: SUMMARY
The dispersion characteristics of some optical properties of vitrinites from a number of coals of differing coal rank and type were investigated using a microscope photometer. The properties studied were air and oil reflectances, refractive index and absorption index.
The technique employed involved the measurement of air and oil reflectances at a number of wavelengths in the visible spectrum for selected points on the coal, as opposed to averaging the reflectances obtained in each immersion medium for each wavelength. The values of air and oil reflectances were then used to calculate the corresponding values of refractive index (n) and absorption index (κ) using a rearrangement of Beer's equation. Smooth dispersion curves were obtained for each selected field of vitrinite using this procedure. This method was preferred to the more widely used method of calculating n and κ from the average air and oil reflectances at each wavelength, because refractive and absorption indices are non-linear functions of reflectance, which makes the arithmetic mean of the reflectances unsuitable for the calculation of n and κ.
The values of all parameters for the vitrinites were found to increase towards the blue region of the visible spectrum and to increase at all wavelengths with increasing coal rank. Some negative values of κ2 were obtained and the significance of these values is discussed.
TL;DR: The modification in voluntary muscular responses associated with practice indicate that they may contribute to the composition of the Functional Stretch Reflex, which has previously been considered a high gain supraspinal reflex.
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: Robinson as discussed by the authors made an attempt to draw some inferences about recent urban population trends in the lllawarra-South Coast region, an area which is defined as stretching from Helensburgh to Narooma and which contains 13 centres with populations of more than 1,000 and as many more with populations numbering in the hundreds.
Abstract: Patterns of urban growth tell us much about changing regional fortunes. In this broadsheet an attempt is made to draw some inferences about recent urban population trends in the lllawarraSouth Coast region, an area which is defined as stretching from Helensburgh to Narooma and which contains 13 centres with populations of more than 1,000 and as many more with populations numbering in the hundreds (Figure 1). Urban growth patterns are examined at the regional scale and within the major urbanized area of Wollongong-Shellharbour (population about 200,000 in 1971). Publication Details This report was originally published as Robinson, R, Recent urban growth in the Illawarra-South Coast region, Wollongong Studies in Geography No.1, Department of Geography, University of Wollongong, 1980, 4p. This report is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/wollgeo/1 WOLLONGONG FIGURE 1: URBAN CENTRES OF THE ILLAWARRA-SOUTH COAST