Vista University

About: Vista University is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Boron trifluoride & Higher education. The organization has 225 authors who have published 336 publications receiving 3345 citations.

Rural - Urban Migration or Urbanization in South Africa

Abstract: This article examined the causes and effects of migration and urbanization in South Africa based on case studies and empirical findings. Migration to urban areas includes the socioeconomic mobility of the White population and a regulated process of urbanization of the Black population. Migration theories tend to explain either the forces determining the nature scope and direction of migration or equilibriating or disequilibriating processes in a changing economic structure. Lee (1969) built upon Ravensteins (1885) theories by conceptualizing factors underlying migration decisions. However Kok (1990) and Lachmann (1970) indicate that regularity in these theories obscures the variety of forces in operation. Migration is an interregional process according to classical and Keynesian views. Imbalances in income increase economic inequality between regions. Migrants in neoclassical models are subject to push and pull factors which result in regional convergence. Keynes viewed migration as a process of divergence and regional imbalances increasing over time. Todaros (1994) model accounts for increased migration despite rising urban unemployment. Oberai (1988) states that migrants have different abilities to understand the job market. In South Africa migration is different. The rate and pattern of urbanization are not always synonymous with development. Migration is essential for survival and there is little evidence of gradual migration. Migration has a disequilibriating effect on population distribution and does not close the income gap. Urbanization is demarcated by racial group and is influenced by institutional and political measures.

Factors affecting the self-concepts of South African students.

Abstract: Relationships among family macrosocial structures, proximate family settings, attributions of responsibility, and African adolescents' self-concepts were examined. Data were collected from 460 South African high school students (234 girls, 226 boys; mean age = 18.6 years). On the basis of partial least squares path modeling, the results suggest that (a) family macrosocial structure, proximate family settings, and the individual's sense of responsibility for academic outcomes had modest to strong associations with different dimensions of self-concept; and (b) there were gender-related differences in the structure of the adolescents' social status backgrounds and self-concepts and in the relationships among social status, perceptions of parents' support for learning, personal responsibility, and self-concept.

Wrapping Effect and Wrapping Function

Abstract: We study the wrapping effect associated with validated interval methods for numerical solution of the initial value problem for ordinary differential equations by introducing a new concept of wrapping function. The wrapping function is proved to be the limit of the enclosures of the solution produced by methods of certain type. There is no wrapping effect if and only if the wrapping function equals the optimal interval enclosure of the solution.