Showing papers in "Ageing Research Reviews in 2008"

TL;DR: Based upon the genetic setup, regular moderate physical exercise/activity provides systemic beneficial effects, including improved physiological function, decreased incidence of disease and a higher quality of life.

TL;DR: The conclusion is that NF-kB signaling seems to be the culprit of inflamm-aging, since this signaling system integrates the intracellular regulation of immune responses in both aging and age-related diseases.

TL;DR: Hormesis in aging is represented by mild stress-induced stimulation of protective mechanisms in cells and organisms resulting in biologically beneficial effects that counter-balances the progressive shrinkage of the homeodynamic space, which is the ultimate cause of aging, diseases and death.

TL;DR: New findings suggest that several heavily studied phytochemicals exhibit biphasic dose responses on cells with low doses activating signaling pathways that result in increased expression of genes encoding cytoprotective proteins including antioxidant enzymes, protein chaperones, growth factors and mitochondrial proteins.

TL;DR: Findings focused on subject populations that may benefit most from such a therapy are reported in hopes of eliciting multidisciplinary scientific inquiries into this potentially therapeutic aid which presumably has global ramifications.

TL;DR: The paper concludes that the broadly recognized biological adaptive responses, as described by the concepts of adaptive response, preconditioning and the Yerkes-Dodson Law, are special cases of the more general hormesis dose-response concept.

TL;DR: The ability of diet, exercise, and other lifestyle adaptations to modulate brain function and neurotrophins are emerging as main factors in the equation that may connect lifestyle factors and mental health.

TL;DR: By understanding the molecular mechanisms and roles of PPARalpha, gamma in regulation of age-related inflammation, the possibility of developing new therapeutic agents that modulate these nuclear receptors to control various inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, vascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer is opened up.

TL;DR: A better understanding of how dietary energy intake affects reproductive axis function and endocrine pulsatility could provide novel strategies for the prevention and management of reproductive dysfunction and its associated comorbidities.

TL;DR: Compelling evidence indicates that combined hypothalamic and gonadal adaptations operate in the reproductive axis of older men, and multiple hypothalamic adaptations prevail in the GH axis of elderly men and women.

TL;DR: It is postulate that at a young age progression of chondrocyte differentiation is actively blocked in articular cartilage and the loss of this differentiation block results in combination with normal joint loading in cartilage degeneration and OA.

TL;DR: The expression of multiple detoxification enzymes, each with a significant but relatively modest effect on longevity, is coordinately regulated by signaling pathways such as insulin/insulin-like signaling, explaining the large effect of such pathways on life span.

TL;DR: The pineal and pituitary-adrenocortical secretions play an important role in adaptive responses of the organism acting as coordinating signals for both several biological rhythms and multiple neuroendocrine and metabolic functions.

TL;DR: This argument centres around a series of dichotomies which are used to explain the main changes in dietary habits and how this impacts on health--the continuous move from dietary traditions which are local, low in technological input and based on empiricism, to diets which are global, require high technologicalinput and are science-based.

TL;DR: It has been demonstrated that the expression of p16(INK4a) increases remarkably with age due to oxidative stress and accumulative ROS in some stem and progenitor cells, and regulates these cells age-dependent senescence, and observed that telomeres shortening exists in these cells.

TL;DR: This review focuses on molecular mechanisms that cyclically activate and attenuate signal propagation and on chemotactic responses to oscillatory wave progression.

TL;DR: The high-frequency insulin pulsatility during physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions as well as the influence of some hypoglycemic compounds on the insulin oscillations are described.

TL;DR: The contribution of age-related modification of the Ca2+ release machinery and the effect of membrane structure and membrane cross-talk on the alteredCa2+ spark signaling during aging of striated muscles are highlighted.

TL;DR: New strategies that induce endogenous neuronal survival pathways through low-level activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors or those that bypass receptor activation but upregulate endogenous survival pathways may not only prevent neurodegenerative disorders that involve glutamate as a final common pathway that kills neurons, but may also provide treatment alternatives critical for neurons to survive stressful conditions.

TL;DR: The detection of candidate genes related to inflammation and promoting AT and their reciprocal influence/interaction with zinc status might allow earlier appropriate dietary interventions in genetically susceptible subjects.

TL;DR: The anatomical and functional nature of hippocampal interconnections with the hypothalamus is discussed and the results of studies exploring the relationship between circadian phase and hippocampal plasticity in young animals are discussed, with the goal of understanding how these mechanisms might be restored in the aging brain.

TL;DR: This work proposes that the level of SMC cAMP, as determined by overall signaling through corticosteroid receptors, leptin receptors and the GPCRs of the HPG and serotonergic pathways, will regulate bronchial tone and can explain the discrepant epidemiological data associating stress, obesity, depression and menopause with adult-onset asthma.

TL;DR: The impact of aging on the renal effects of the natriuretic peptides is reviewed, and the lack of knowledge on the precise interactions between the ultradian rhythms of the systems involved in salt and water balance in elderly is pointed out.

TL;DR: One of the most basic needs and choices confronting older people after retirement: the resolve to cope or dispense with city-rural drift and their implications for policy in Nigeria are addressed.