Showing papers in "Anales De Psicologia in 2016"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the use of mobile phones and computers in a sample of adolescents, their online addiction behaviours, and bullying and cyberbullying experiences considering the influence of gender and school level.
Abstract: The relationship between young people and technologies implies some risks like online addiction and cyberbullying. This study analyses the use of mobile phones and computers in a sample of adolescents, their online addiction behaviours, and bullying and cyberbullying experiences considering the influence of gender and school level. Parental control during Internet use is also considered. Using a self-report questionnaire, 1353 secondary and high school adolescents between 12-21 years-old participated (M = 14.8; SD = 1.62; 52.8% boys). Results show an average of 1-2 hours daily use of mobile phone and computers. Around 13% of students report online addictions behaviors and 32% are in risk of, with differences by gender and school level. Results indicate more involvement in traditional bullying (12%) than in cyberbullying (7.7%), and a significant association between both behaviors and technologies use. Besides, parental mediation acts as protective factor. In conclusion, this study underlines the need to teach young people and educators about risks regarding excessive use of technology.
67 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a complementary to current and recent meta-analysis of risk factors to intimate partner violence literature review and found that on community-level, low economic development and democracy, lack of social rights, culture of honor and masculine culture, characterized by sexist attitudes and tolerance to violence, are risk factors.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to conduct a complementary to current and recent meta-analysis of risk factors to intimate partner violence literature review. This work confirms that on community-level, low economic development and democracy, lack of social rights, culture of honor and masculine culture – characterized by sexist attitudes and tolerance to violence- are risk factors. On contextual and individual level, being younger, having a low income and low education level, having more than one child, using violence reciprocally against ones partner, depression, fear and alcohol consumption are associated with increased risk of being a victim of intimate violence. Less consistency, are risk factors, situations of war, religious fundamentalism, being in a long term relationship, lower relationship satisfaction, emotions such as guilt, shame and other factors such as pregnancy.
55 citations
TL;DR: This paper focuses on the exploratory factor analysis of multidimensional scales where each subscale is made up of a number of Likert-type items, and the aim of the analysis is to estimate participants’ scores on the corresponding latent traits.
Abstract: Researchers frequently have to analyze scales in which some participants have failed to respond to some items. In this paper we focus on the exploratory factor analysis of multidimensional scales (i.e., scales that consist of a number of subscales) where each subscale is made up of a number of Likert-type items, and the aim of the analysis is to estimate participants’ scores on the corresponding latent traits. Our approach uses the following steps: (1) multiple imputation creates several copies of the data, in which the missing values are imputed; (2) each copy of the data is subject to independent factor analysis, and the same number of factors is extracted from all copies; (3) all factor solutions are simultaneously orthogonally (or obliquely) rotated so that they are both (a) factorially simple, and (b) as similar to one another as possible; (4) latent trait scores are estimated for ordinal data in each copy; and (5) participants’ scores on the latent traits are estimated as the average of the estimates of the latent traits obtained in the copies. We applied the approach in a real dataset where missing responses were artificially introduced following a real pattern of non-responses and a simulation study based on artificial datasets. The results show that our approach was able to compute factor score estimates even for participants that have missing data.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the multi-dimensional structure of shared flow experience and its role in explaining positive effects of participation in collective ritualized gatherings on personal wellbeing and social cohesion.
Abstract: Collective gatherings or rituals promote optimal experiences in socially acceptable circumstances. Few studies have empirically examined the experience of flow shared by a group in collective situations. The present research examined the multi-dimensional structure of shared flow experience and its role in explaining positive effects of participation in collective ritualized gatherings on personal wellbeing and social cohesion. In this longitudinal study (N = 550) participants of a local festival celebrated in San Sebastian (Tamborrada) responded to an online questionnaire at three different times. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a structure composed of nine first-order factors and one second-order factor with a 27-item version of the scale. Further, structural equation modeling analyses controlling for the pre-event scores showed indirect effects of participation in Tamborrada through shared flow on happiness, collective efficacy, identity fusion, and social integration. This research concludes that positive collective gatherings stimulate shared flow experiences and thus promote personal wellbeing and social cohesion. We discuss both the implications of
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a study in which students of 5th level of primary education and 3rd level of secondary education performed a series of digital reading tasks, and the results revealed that the groups assessed had difficulties in several basic digital skills, and that those skills are directly related to success rate in digital reading task.
Abstract: Digital reading literacy consists on the comprehension, use, reflection and enjoyment of written texts with the aim to fulfill our goals, to develop our knowledge and potential, and to participate in our society. Currently it is considered that “digital natives”, i.e. those students that have been raised surrounded by information technologies, poses the basic digital skills (such as using the mouse, the browser, …) required to develop digital reading skills. The present study tested this assumption, by means of a study in which students of 5th level of primary education and 3rd level of secondary education performed a series of digital reading tasks. In addition, students completed several objective tasks to measure their basic reading skills, and their printed reading comprehension. The results revealed that the groups assessed had difficulties in several basic digital skills, and that those skills are directly related to success rate in digital reading tasks. A regression analysis revealed that this relationship was independent of students’ printed reading skills, as well as of students’ navigation during the digital reading tasks. To conclude, we reflected on the need to consider the instruction of basic reading skills as part of the current efforts to improve digital reading literacy.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the psychometric properties of the Huebner's SLSS in a sample of Chilean boys and girls were analyzed and the results showed an acceptable reliability in the internal consistency of the scale (α =.86) and the factor analysis revealed two factors in the factor structure that correspond with life satisfaction and desire of change.
Abstract: This paper analizes the psychometric properties of the Huebner’s SLSS in a sample of Chilean boys and girls. It was applied to 1096 students between 10 and 12 years old (M=11; SD= 0.89) who attended public, semiprivate and private schools in Santiago, Valparaiso and Concepcion. Reliability analysis of internal consistency, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were made. Results show an acceptable reliability in the internal consistency of the scale (α=.86); the factor analysis reveals two factors in the factor structure of the scale that correspond with life satisfaction and desire of change. The bi-factor solution of the model is discussed whereas it does not correspond to results in other investigations. This study reports results of the SLSS in child population and contributes to the use and development of assessment tools for social indicators that consider the self-report of subjective well-being in Chilean children.
35 citations
TL;DR: A new consultative procedure is described designed to remove the confusion generated by discordant data sets and improve the reliability of the data.
Abstract: Observational studies in the field of sport are complicated by the added difficulty of having to analyse multiple, complex events or behaviours that may last just a fraction of a second. In this study, we analyse three aspects related to the reliability of data collected in such a study. The first aim was to analyse and compare the reliability of data sets assessed quantitatively (calculation of kappa statistic) and qualitatively (consensus agreement method). The second aim was to describe how, by ensuring the alignment of events, we calculated the kappa statistic for the order parameter using SDIS-GSEQ software (version 5.1) for data sets containing different numbers of sequences. The third objective was to describe a new consultative procedure designed to remove the confusion generated by discordant data sets and improve the reliability of the data. The procedure is called “consultative” because it involves the participation of a new observer who is responsible for consulting the existing observations and deciding on the definitive result.
33 citations
TL;DR: The Questionnaire on the Frequency of and Satisfaction with Social Support (QFSSS) was designed to assess the frequency of and the degree of satisfaction with perceived social support received from different sources in relation to three types of support: emotional, informational and instrumental as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Questionnaire on the Frequency of and Satisfaction with Social Support (QFSSS) was designed to assess the frequency of and the degree of satisfaction with perceived social support received from different sources in relation to three types of support: emotional, informational and instrumental. This study tested the reliability of the questionnaire and its criterion and structural validity. The data were drawn from survey interviews of 2042 Spanish people. The results show high internal consistency (values of Cronbach’s alpha range from .763 to .952). The correlational analysis showed significant positive associations between QFSSS scores and measures of subjective well-being and perceived social support, as well as significant negative associations with measures of loneliness (Pearson’s r correlation range from .11 to .97). Confirmatory factor analysis by Structural Equation Modeling suggested an internal 4-factor structure that corresponds to the sources of support analyzed: partner, family, friends and community (values for the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) range from .93 to .95; for the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) range from .95 to .98; for Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) range from .10 to .07). These results confirm the QFSSS validity as a versatile tool, suitable for the detailed assessment of social support.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a computer program written in VB 6.0 is presented to calculate the difference between internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) obtained in independent small samples and with instruments having a small number of parts or items.
Abstract: This paper presenting a computer program written in VB 6.0, to calculate the difference between internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach’s alpha) obtained in independent small samples and with instruments have a small number of parts or items. The comparison of reliability coefficients allow to identify possible differences in amount of measurement error in instruments; this methodology use the hypothesis testing approach for test the null hypothesis of equally reliability coefficients. This situation is tending to be common in clinical practice between psychologists or allied career, and even in the construction phases of instruments of measurement, for example in pilot samples. The proposed technique is from the work of Feldt and Kim (2006), and offers a viable and interesting methodological proposal that expands the analysis of the reliability of instruments of psychological and educational measurement.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a moderated, serial mediation model where psychological inflexibility, a core concept of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) model of psychopathology, both mediates and moderates the relationship between depressogenic schemas and the frequency of negative automatic thoughts was proposed.
Abstract: Beck’s cognitive model of depression proposes that depressogenic schemas have an effect on depressive symptoms by increasing the frequency of negative automatic thoughts in response to negative life events. We aimed to test a moderated, serial mediation model where psychological inflexibility, a core concept of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) model of psychopathology, both mediates and moderates the relationship between depressogenic schemas and the frequency of negative automatic thoughts. A cross-sectional design was used in which 210 undergraduates responded to questionnaires assessing the constructs of interest. Results supported the proposed moderated mediation model. Both psychological inflexibility and negative automatic thoughts were significant mediators of the relationship between depressogenic schemas and depressive symptoms, and psychological inflexibility also moderated the effect of depressogenic schemas on negative automatic thoughts. We conclude that the role of psychological inflexibility in the cognitive model of depression deserves more attention.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Integrative Model of Mindfulness (MIM) was proposed to explore the mechanisms underlying the effect of MBI on mindfulness trait, self-compassion and positive mental states to oneself and to others.
Abstract: There are more and more studies showing the effectiveness of Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) in well-being. However, there are few studies that explore the mechanisms underlying this effect. The aim of this study is to present and validate the Integrative Model of Mindfulness (MIM). MIM main hypothesis is that mindfulness practice leads to an increment in mindfulness trait, which leads to an increase of self-compassion, and these in turn, lead to increase positive mental states towards others and oneself. A MBI intensive three-week with non-randomized controlled group was designed. Participants (N = 87) were differentiated by meditation experience as well. The results show large effect sizes regarding the effect of MBI on mindfulness trait, self-compassion and positive mental states to oneself and to others. The data support the MIM, indicating that the practice of mindfulness meditation leads in a sequentially way to the cultivation of mindfulness and self-compassion, which subsequently appears to lead to the development of positive mental states towards others and oneself.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors tried to determine which dynamic profile bullying (Aggressor, Victim, Observer) is more relevant in cooperative learning intervention and found that cooperative learning is effective on the offender profile and especially on the observer profile.
Abstract: Title: Relevance of cooperative learning about the different profiles of the bullying dynamic. An analysis by testing the effect size. Abstract: With this research we try to determine which dynamic profile bullying (Aggressor, Victim, Observer) is more relevant in cooperative learning intervention. We will use evidence of effect size. In order to assess bullying behaviors have designed an instrument "Frequency Scale Peer Bul- lying. Perspective Aggressor, Victim and Observer". We have worked with two groups of participants in the 3rd cycle of primary, a first group of 311 students we used for the psychometric analysis of the instrument and a se- cond group of 110 students for intervention. Our results show that the in- ter-group effect size was high for the social exclusion factor for observer profiles (d = 0.64) and aggressor (d = 0.65). Also, get a higher size factor direct verbal and physical attacks on observer profile (d = 0.57). In synthe- sis, after the analysis of the effect size we found that cooperative learning is effective on the offender profile and especially on the observe.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors designed and validated the Adolescent Future Expectations Scale (AFES) to evaluate adolescents' future expectations, including economic expectations, academic expectations, expectations of personal well-being and family expectations.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to design and validate the Adolescent Future Expectations Scale . We analyze a sample consisting of 1125 participants of both sexes, from Cadiz, with an age range between 11 and 15 years old. Exploratory factorial analysis was performed with the sample 1 (n=551) and it resulted in four factors: economic expectations, academic expectations , expectations of personal well-being and family expectations . The application of the confirmatory factor analysis was performed with the sample 2 (n=574). The factor structure of the scale was confirmed. The model showed a good fit. The reliability and item analyses showed that the scale had good internal consistency. With the aim of determining construct validity, the data obtained by the Adolescent Future Expectations Scale were compared with other instruments that assess self-esteem and life satisfaction. We expected to get positive relationship between them. It was concluded that the 14-item scale is a valid instrument to evaluate adolescents’ future expectations.
TL;DR: This article found that students with high math anxiety were more likely to experience intrusive thoughts, were less effective at suppressing these thoughts, and reported lower scores in understanding and regulating their emotions, and perceived emotional intelligence.
Abstract: Math anxiety has been found to be an emotional problem that has a negative effect on students´ academic performance across different levels of education. This type of anxiety could be related to certain cognitive and emotional processes. A first objetive was to examine the relationship between math anxiety and certain inhibitory abilities responsible of eliminating intrusive thoughts or preventing them access to consciousness. A second aim was to determine the extent in which math anxiety and students´self-perceptions of their own emotional abilities are related. To this end, 187 first-year undergraduate psychology students were administered different measures to assess math anxiety, statistics anxiety, inhibitory abilities, and perceived emotional intelligence. The results showed that students with high math anxiety were more likely to experience intrusive thoughts, were less effective at suppressing these thoughts, and reported lower scores in understanding and regulating their emotions. These cognitive mechanisms and emotional abilities are of relevance to better understand the nature of this type of anxiety.
TL;DR: In this article, a trabajo se centra en la perspectiva de la minoria, and analiza las evaluaciones that los tres grupos inmigrantes mas representativos en Espana mantienen entre si a partir de las variables contempladas in el modelo del contenido de los estereotipos (MCE).
Abstract: Este trabajo se centra en la perspectiva de la minoria, y analiza las evaluaciones que los tres grupos inmigrantes mas representativos en Espana mantienen entre si a partir de las variables contempladas en el modelo del contenido de los estereotipos (MCE). Participaron 409 inmigrantes, que evaluaron a los otros dos grupos: los inmigrantes marroquies fueron evaluados por ecuatorianos (grupo EM, N = 66) y rumanos (RM, N = 76); los inmigrantes rumanos por ecuatorianos (ER, N = 65) y marroquies (MR, N = 62); y los inmigrantes ecuatorianos por rumanos (RE, N = 80) y marroquies (ME, N = 60). Todos ellos indicaron como percibian al grupo correspondiente en moralidad, sociabilidad y competencia, en que grado experimentaban las emociones de admiracion, desprecio, envidia y compasion, asi como su percepcion de estatus y competicion exogrupal. Los resultados con grupos minoritarios apoyan, en general, las predicciones del MCE ya confirmadas con miembros de grupos mayoritarios. El grupo mas valorado en estatus y estereotipos fue el ecuatoriano (coincidiendo con las valoraciones de la mayoria), el cual tambien despertaba mas admiracion. Los resultados se discuten abordando la aplicabilidad del MCE para analizar las relaciones entre grupos minoritarios.
TL;DR: Avila Espada et al. as mentioned in this paper present data for the first time for the adaptation of the Escala de Deseabilidad Social of Marlowe-Crowne (M-C SDS) to adult voluntarios.
Abstract: Las adaptaciones espanolas de la Escala de Deseabilidad Social de Marlowe-Crowne (M-C SDS) han sido baremadas con estudiantes universitarios y adultos evaluados en contextos de seleccion/promocion laboral. Dada la influencia de la edad y el contexto en la M-C SDS, estos baremos no son apropiados para adultos voluntarios. Se presentan por primera vez datos normativos y de fiabilidad y una version breve de la adaptacion de la M-C SDS de Avila Espada y Tome Rodriguez obtenidos con adultos voluntarios espanoles (N = 575). Los indices de consistencia interna de la M-C SDS fueron adecuados (alfa = .72-.80). Las diferencias estandarizadas en sus puntuaciones entre adultos voluntarios y estudiantes universitarios o adultos de seleccion/promocion alcanzaron tamanos del efecto medianos (d = 0.46 y 0.70), lo que justifica la creacion de baremos especificos para adultos voluntarios. En dos submuestras independientes de adultos voluntarios, una version de 18 items obtuvo indices de consistencia interna para sus items mejores que los de los 33 items de la escala completa y que no implicaba una perdida significativa de fiabilidad (alfa = .72 y .80) ni de validez nomologica. Se ofrecen baremos globales y separados por grupos de edad para las versiones breve y completa de la M-C SDS.
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review of publications about personal growth initiative was conducted in which the authors focused on scale psychometric proprieties, relations of personal initiative growth and others constructs.
Abstract: The present study aimed to conduct a systematic review of publications about personal growth initiative. A literature review was conducted in Bireme, Index Psi, LILACS, PePSIC, Pubmed - Publisher’s Medline, Wiley Online Library, PsycINFO, OneFile, SciVerse ScienceDirect, ERIC, Emerald Journals, PsycARTICLES - American Psychological Association, Directory of Open Access Journals - DOAJ, SAGE Journals, SpringerLink, PLoS, IngentaConnect, IEEE Journals & Magazines and SciELO databases. It was found 53 studies, excluded seven, and analyzed 46 researches. The studies focused on scale psychometric proprieties, relations of personal initiative growth and others constructs. Furthermore the studies investigated the impact of interventions to promote personal growth initiative. It was demonstrated that personal growth initiative was positively related to positive dimensions, such as self-esteem and well-being, and negatively to negative factors, among these anxiety and depression.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Entrepreneurship Attitudes Scale to assess and promote the entrepreneurship in students in Spain, and found differences between genders on some entre- preneurship dimensions, and also offered criteria values for future research and interventions.
Abstract: Title: Assessment and promotion policies of entrepreneurship in students. Abstract: The increasing need for socio-economical and educative measures, targeting the development of an entrepreneurship culture, makes essential the accurate definition of the construct. This, together with a measure to provide a baseline of students' entrepreneurship would facilitate the assessment of European and state government policies and interven- tions. The aim of the study is to provide an understanding of the entrepre- neurial attitudes in the Spanish educative context, from which the imple- mentation and assessment of entrepreneurship culture and education pro- grams could be developed. 524 students (267 high school and 257 universi- ty students) answered the Entrepreneurship Attitudes Scale. Descriptive statistics and parametric and non-parametric multivariate analyses of vari- ance were developed, including gender and educational stage as independ- ent variables. Results showed differences between genders on some entre- preneurship dimensions, and also offered criteria values for future research and interventions in the field. Implications of this work are related to the current political context.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of communication technology use for work at home during off-job time on work-family conflict based on work family border theory, and highlights the roles of psychological detachment and family support.
Abstract: This article studies the influence of communication technology use for work at home during off-job time on work-family conflict based on work-family border theory, and highlights the roles of psychological detachment and family support. Based on 423 samples, we use regression analysis to test hypotheses. The results show that communication technology use for work at home during off-job time is positively related to employee’s work-family conflict, including time-based conflict and strain-based conflict. Besides, family support moderates the impact of communication technology use for work at home on employee’s work-family conflict. Furthermore, psychological detachment mediates the moderating effect of family support on the relationship between communication technology use for work at home and employee’s work-family conflict. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future studies are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the variables: game type (individual or cooperative), competition, gender, students' association type and beginning-end of the session on the university students' moods was analyzed.
Abstract: This study analyzed the effect of the variables: game type (individual or cooperative), competition, gender, students' association type and beginning-end of the session on the university students' moods. 201 Physical Education college students participated. After having received an initial instruction concerning moods, participants executed 2 sessions involving cooperative games and 2 individual games. The POMS scale was filled in both at the beginning and at the end of each session. The data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Among the main findings, we can point out that positive emotional states increase significantly when cooperative games are applied, with competition. Negative moods are more present in individual games, with no competition, when practiced by men and when they are organized in separate groups. All these factors contribute towards knowing the influence of play on the training of the future teachers of a modern physical education, in which there is the intention of promoting such important aspects as socioemotional well-being and co-education.
TL;DR: In this article, the use of drugs, prosocial behaviour and the problem-solving skills with respect to age and gender were analyzed in Spanish Compulsory Secondary Education (CCSE) students.
Abstract: The objectives of the present study are the following ones: 1) to study the use of drugs, the prosocial behaviour and the problem-solving skills with respect to age and gender, and 2) to analyze the association of both the prosocial behaviour and the problem-solving skills with the use of drugs. An descriptive cross-sectional study was performed, amongst a sample of 567 students in Spanish Compulsory Secondary Education (48.14% males) with an age range from 14 to 17 years (M = 14.92; SD = .90). Statistically significant differences were found concerning alcohol use and the prosocial behaviour with respect to gender, as well as concerning alcohol and cannabis use with respect to age. When we controlled the ef- fect of age and sex in the regression models, the variable that best predict- ed alcohol and cannabis use was prosocial behavior. The results from this study enhance the importance of tailored interventions based on the pro- motion of prosocial behaviours as fundamental protective factor for sub- stances use such as alcohol and cannabis amongst adolescents.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors systematically review existent researches about teacher self-efficacy and find that self efficacy is influenced by factors such as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, job satisfaction, relationship with parents, use of violence, pressures of time, academic performance, class management, collective efficacy, among others.
Abstract: The objective of this work was to systematically review existent researches about teacher self-efficacy. For this purpose, searches are performed on the data basis of CAPES – periodicos between 2009 and 2013. The survey resulted on 26 articles that contemplated the criteria of inclusion previously established. The results of the studies indicate that self efficacy is influenced by factors as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, job satisfaction, relationship with parents, use of violence, pressures of time, academic performance, class management, collective efficacy, among others. Such results contribute to sign the direction of researches performed in the area, indicating some trends and evidencing gaps to be investigated, for example, a larger number of studies that verify the relation between self efficacy and academic performance, as well as, teacher self efficacy and public policies that favor the process of teaching-learning.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors designed and implemented a positive intervention with cognitive-behavioral therapy to enhance subjective and psychological well-being and other positive functioning constructs in a convenience sample.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to design and implement a positive intervention
combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy to enhance subjective
and psychological well-being and other positive functioning constructs
in a convenience sample. Participants analysed were 48 university students
(mean age 22.25), 25 assigned nonrandomized to intervention condition
and 23 to no-treatment waiting-list control condition. All participants were
assessed pre- and post-intervention to test the treatment program effectiveness.
Repeated-measures ANCOVAs, controlling baseline differences
between the two groups, indicated that the intervention group reported
greater social support after the intervention period than the waiting-list
control group. Within-group differences were found for happiness, selfacceptance,
positive relations with others, optimism, and self-esteem in the
intervention group; these differences did not appear in the waiting-list control
group. These findings suggest the limited capacity of this intervention
program for improving well-being through positive activities combined
with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Future research should analyse what
kind of activities could be more effective in promoting well-being depending
on the characteristics of participants.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present and describe the design and development of a hypermedia tool, Hipatia, targeted toward fifth and sixth grade students with and without learning difficulties in mathematics.
Abstract: Literature revealed the benefits of different instruments for the development of mathematical competence, problem solving, self-regulated learning, affective-motivational aspects and intervention in students with specific difficulties in mathematics. However, no one tool combined all these variables. The aim of this study is to present and describe the design and development of a hypermedia tool, Hipatia. Hypermedia environments are, by definition, adaptive learning systems, which are usually a web-based application program that provide a personalized learning environment. This paper describes the principles on which Hipatia is based as well as a review of available technologies developed in different academic subjects. Hipatia was created to boost self-regulated learning, develop specific math skills, and promote effective problem solving. It was targeted toward fifth and sixth grade students with and without learning difficulties in mathematics. After the development of the tool, we concluded that it aligned well with the logic underlying the principles of self-regulated learning. Future research is needed to test the efficacy of Hipatia with an empirical methodology.
TL;DR: In this paper, a bank of 160 items was constructed, which was administered to a sample of 3,163 workers (M age= 51.90 years; SD= 6.28 years).
Abstract: Computerized Adaptive Tests (CAT) constitutes a major advance in the field of the assessment of social sciences and health. It is interesting to incorporate this methodological development to organizational field. The objective of this research is to develop a CAT for evaluating the organizational climate. In order to do this, a bank of 160 items was constructed, which was administered to a sample of 3,163 workers (M age= 51.90 years; SD= 6.28 years). The results show that the CAT works efficiently for the three item banks used (150, 130 and 50 items). The information function shows that the latent trait in the whole range of values is measured with similar accuracy. The correlation between the scores obtained with the CAT, the three item banks and the CLIOR scale of organizational climate was higher than 0.90 in all cases (SE<0.32). With a SE< 0.32, the 150 item CAT uses a mean of 22.5 items (SD = 22.5 items). The CAT developed allows an accuracy and useful assessment of the organizational climate on organizational settings and research.
TL;DR: The IPDMUV-Revisado (IPDMUV-R) as discussed by the authors is an instrumento with adecuadas propiedades psicometricas that permite detectar sesgos cognitivos en hombres maltratadores.
Abstract: Los hombres violentos contra la pareja muestran numerosos sesgos cognitivos relacionados con los roles de genero y la legitimacion de la violencia Los objetivos de esta investigacion fueron analizar las propiedades psicometricas del Inventario de Pensamientos Distorsionados sobre la Mujer y el Uso de la Violencia-Revisado (IPDMUV-R), depurar sus items y comparar la capacidad de prediccion de esta version revisada con otras medidas de su red nomologica La muestra consto de 463 hombres -241 maltratadores y 222 hombres de la poblacion normativa-, con una edad media de 4122 anos (DT=1134) Los resultados mostraron buenos indices de ajuste para una estructura unidimensional del IPDMUV-R (nueva version de 20 items), con un alfa de 747 (superior a la version inicial de 29 items) La puntuacion total del IPDMUV-R mostro correlaciones estadisticamente significativas con autoinformes que miden deseabilidad social y sexismo ambivalente Al analizar los puntos de corte para diferenciar entre agresores y grupo normativo, se observo una mayor capacidad discriminativa del IPDMUV-R en comparacion con el IPDMUV y las dimensiones de sexismo hostil y benevolo En conclusion, se presenta un instrumento con adecuadas propiedades psicometricas que permite detectar sesgos cognitivos en hombres maltratadores y que es de utilidad para el ambito clinico
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented new evidence of validity in relation to the dimensionality of LOC, and developed a new measurement instrument with 23 items, including self-efficacy, achievement motivation and optimism.
Abstract: Locus of control (LOC) has a long tradition in Psychology, and various instruments have been designed for its measurement. However, the dimensionality of the construct is unclear, and still gives rise to considerable controversy. The aim of the present work is to present new evidence of validity in relation to the dimensionality of LOC. To this end, we developed a new measurement instrument with 23 items. The sample was made up of 697 Spanish participants, of whom 57.5% were women ( M =22.43; SD = 9.19). The results support the bi-dimensionality of LOC: internal (α=.87) and external (α=.85). Furthermore, both subscales have shown adequate validity evidence in relation to self-efficacy, achievement motivation and optimism ( r xy > .21). Statistically significant differences were found by sex ( p < .05): men scored higher in external LOC and women in internal LOC. The validity evidence supports a two-dimensional structure for the LOC, and the measurement instrument developed showed adequate psychometric properties.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed individuals' reactions to politicians involved in scandals as a function of scandal type and politician sex (n = 798) and found that female politicians were judged more harshly than male politicians regardless of the type of scandal.
Abstract: The current experimental study analyzes individuals’ reactions to politicians involved in scandals as a function of scandal type and politician sex ( N = 798). Corruption and sexual scandals were considered. The results indicate that female politicians were judged more harshly than male politicians involved in scandals regardless of the type of scandal. Scandal affected not only assessment of their morality but also competence, contrary to assessment of men. The results were discussed in reference to expectancy violations theory and shifting standards theory which predicts more negative evaluation of women involved in immoral behavior despite lack general prejudices toward women in politics.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between action-emotion style, learning approaches and coping strategies, and found that competitiveness-overwork characteristics have a significant positive association with the deep approach and with problem-focused strategies, while impatience-hostility is thus related to surface approach and emotion-focus strategies.
Abstract: Action-Emotion Style (AES) is an affective-motivational construct that describes the achievement motivation that is characteristic of students in their interaction with stressful situations. Using elements from the Type-A Behavior Pattern (TABP), characteristics of competitiveness and overwork occur in different combinations with emotions of impatience and hostility, leading to a classification containing five categories of action-emotion style (Type B, Impatient-hostile type, Medium type, Competitive-Overworking type and Type A). The objective of the present research is to establish how characteristics of action-emotion style relate to learning approach (deep and surface approaches) and to coping strategies (emotion-focused and problem-focused). The sample was composed of 225 students from the Psychology degree program. Pearson correlation analyses, ANOVAs and MANOVAs were used. Results showed that competitiveness-overwork characteristics have a significant positive association with the deep approach and with problem-focused strategies, while impatience-hostility is thus related to surface approach and emotion-focused strategies. The level of action-emotion style had a significant main effect. The results verified our hypotheses with reference to the relationships between action-emotion style, learning approaches and coping strategies.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction among university students in Spain and found that gratitude significantly predicts life satisfaction, while on the other hand, differences exist with regard to gender in relation to gratitude and gender.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction among university students in Spain. The present study seeks to assess gratitude by means of a self-report Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6; McCullough et al., 2002) and Life satisfaction scale (SWLS; Diener et al., 1985). Using a multiple linear regression analysis, the relationship between life satisfaction and gratitude is analyzed. The results suggest that gratitude significantly predicts life satisfaction, while on the other hand, differences exist with regard to gender in the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction. The significance and limitations of the present findings are discussed.