Showing papers in "Annals of Epidemiology in 2009"

TL;DR: The goal should be to maintain both children and adults at a level >30 ng/mL to take full advantage of all the health benefits that vitamin D provides.

TL;DR: It is known that regular physical activity of 150 minutes/week of moderate intensity physical activity reduces the risk of numerous chronic diseases, preserves health and function into old age, and extends longevity.

TL;DR: The time has arrived for nationally coordinated action to substantially increase intake of vitamin D and calcium, and to reduce case-fatality rates of patients who have breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer by half.

TL;DR: In the 1980's it was generally felt that particulate air pollution concentrations in the United States were not a hazard to the public health, but in the early 1990's the application of econometric time-series studies and prospective cohort studies suggested increased mortality associated with acute and chronic exposures to particulates air pollution commonly observed in the developed world.

TL;DR: After declining in the second half of the 1990s, HIV notification rates for MSM increased beginning in 2000, and are not wholly explained by changes in HIV testing.

TL;DR: Energy intake is underreported on the first 24HR, and three 24HRs appear optimal for estimating energy intake.

TL;DR: The pathophysiology of Crohn inflammatory bowel disease and the elevated risk of adenocarcinoma demonstrate the significance of the impaired integrity of the mucosal barrier and of aberrant immune responses to luminal indigenous and potentially pathogenic microorganisms.

TL;DR: Declines in physical activity during adolescence may be partly explained by declines during winter, and increasing opportunities for physical activity in particular during winter may mitigate declines in physicalactivity during adolescence.

TL;DR: The association between postnatal social support and PPD is much stronger than that of prenatal social support.

TL;DR: The role of short sleep as an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes in whites and Hispanics is supported, while insulin sensitivity and secretion may explain previously reported associations of long sleep duration with diabetes risk, they do not seem to mediate the effects of shortSleep on diabetes.

TL;DR: Addressing safety concerns, educating parents about the age-specific risk of HPV infection, and promoting strong physician recommendation for vaccination may be the most useful targets for future interventions to increase HPV vaccine utilization.

TL;DR: New evidence is provided that childhood family violence is associated with an increased risk of nonreciprocal and reciprocal IPV and treatment providers and policy makers should consider Childhood family violence history in both men and women in the context of IPV.

TL;DR: It is indicated that living in low NSES neighborhoods is most strongly associated with greater cumulative biological risk profiles in the black U.S. population.

TL;DR: Results from the HPFS suggest that the poor vitamin D status generally in African-Americans contributes to their higher incidence and mortality from various malignancies.

TL;DR: Although Asian race was generally associated with lower risk for CVD, certain risk factors were particularly high among some Asian subgroups, and future interventions should specify the needs of specific subgroups and design culturally specific programs to reduce health risk behaviors in each Asian subpopulation.

TL;DR: SPD as measured by the K6 is associated with increased mortality, even after adjusting for potential confounders; scores were related to increased mortality in a dose-response fashion.

TL;DR: Weight gain increased as levels of everyday and lifetime racism increased, suggesting that experiences of racism may contribute to the excess burden of obesity in U.S. black women.

TL;DR: HBV vaccination prevents hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its use is reducing mother to infant transmission, the driving force behind the HBV carrier state worldwide, and of greatest significance, studies showed that chronic HBV infection is the commonest cause of HCC.

TL;DR: The CTSA program will create a definable academic home for the discipline of clinical and translational science at institutions across the country, allowing for local flexibility so that each institution can determine whether to establish a center, department, or institute in clinical and translator science.

TL;DR: Support for the UVB-vitamin D-cancer theory is now scientifically strong enough to warrant use of vitamin D in cancer prevention, and as a component of treatment.

TL;DR: Neighborhood social cohesion, aesthetic quality, and violence are associated with the presence of depressive symptoms in residents.

TL;DR: Persuasive evidence suggests that no threshold for lead toxicity exists, and deficits due to lead exposure have been demonstrated at lower and lower doses.

TL;DR: WHR rather than BMI appears to be the more appropriate yardstick for risk stratification of high-functioning older adults.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that over and above the influence of traditional measures of socioeconomic status, financial hardship exerts an influence on the risk of mortality among older adults and that the number and type of hardships important in predicting mortality may differ for men and women.

TL;DR: This review examines relevant published studies and government reports that address suicide among current and former U.S. military and summarizes literature of suicide among the general population to provide some context.

TL;DR: Refusal to participate in brain tumor case-control studies seems to be related to less prevalent use of mobile phones, and this could result in a downward bias of around 10% in odds ratios for regular mobile phone use.

TL;DR: In this paper, the association of overall obesity and abdominal adiposity in predicting risk of all-cause mortality in white and black adults was compared, and the results suggest ratio measures of abdominal obesity, particularly waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), strongly and positively predict mortality, independent of body mass index (BMI), in both sexes and races.

TL;DR: There was no evidence for sex-specific reporting of medication use among study participants, and hospitalized women, as well as women using prescription medicine, were slightly overrepresented in the surveys.

TL;DR: Self-report measures should be interpreted with caution when used to evaluate a physical activity intervention if an intervention caused over-reporting of the targeted behavior.