Showing papers in "Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection in 2021"
TL;DR: The impact of soil amendment with compost and/or application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the resistance of tomato to Verticillium dahliae was evaluated.
Abstract: The impact of soil amendment with compost and/or application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the resistance of tomato to Verticillium dahliae was evaluated. The frequency and intensity of ...
25 citations
TL;DR: Substantial management of bacterial and fungal diseases of tomato caused severe yield losses and are important constrains in successful cultivation by foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs).
Abstract: Bacterial and fungal diseases of tomato caused severe yield losses and are important constrains in successful cultivation. Therefore, impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on growth of tomat...
18 citations
TL;DR: Guava leaves essential oil was most effective against Fusarium moniliforme having ED50 value of 580 μg/ml, respectively and Caryophyllene was mosteffective against Rhizoctonia solani and Helminthosporium oryzaeHaving ED50 values of 450 and 510 μg/ ml, respectively.
Abstract: Abstract The present study investigates the antifungal potential of Psidium guajava Linn leaves essential oil and its major compounds beta-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide. The Clevenger apparatus was used to extract essential oil from leaves. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of leaves essential oil revealed the presence of 55 compounds with β-caryophyllene (24.97%) and caryophyllene oxide (14.92%) as major compounds were extracted from the guava leaves essential oil by column chromatography. The essential oil, caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide were tested for their antifungal potential against Fusarium moniliforme, Rhizoctonia solani and Helminthosporium oryzae by using poison food technique. Guava leaves essential oil was most effective against Fusarium moniliforme having ED50 value of 580 μg/ml. Caryophyllene was most effective against Rhizoctonia solani and Helminthosporium oryzae having ED50 values of 450 and 510 μg/ml, respectively.
12 citations
TL;DR: Assessment of the efficacy of biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride and Aspergillus niger against wilt fungus produced significant inhibitory effect on pathogen development.
Abstract: Fusarium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) incited by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici causes heavy yield loss due to the lack of a long term management options for this pathogen. The stu...
11 citations
TL;DR: It was confirmed that there was no toxicity of nanocopper and nanosilica when exposed to 0.5, 3 and 30 µg concentrations in terms of viability percentage of embryo, hatching rate, body mass index and heartbeat counts, and it could be a novel approach for the management of root and stem diseases in tea plantations.
Abstract: Tea is an important beverage with several health benefits to human beings, but increase in tea diseases is of much concern in recent days. Amongst several stem and root diseases of tea plants, Pori...
11 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of the potential application of chitosan for controlling green mold disease of orange fruits (“Baladi” sweet orange fruits) caused by Penicillium digitatum under in vitro and in vivo conditions and on some physical and chemical characteristics at 4 °C during two successive seasons found it to be successfully used to inhibit the decay fungi.
Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the potential application of chitosan for controlling green mold disease of orange fruits (“Baladi” sweet orange fruits) caused by Penicillium digitatum under...
11 citations
TL;DR: P. stutzeri showed biocontrol activity against plant pathogens which can be used as potential bio-pesticides and was corroborated with chitinase, protease and lipase enzymatic activities.
Abstract: Agricultural crops are susceptible to abiotic and biotic factors. Among biotic factors, plant pathogens attacks are prominent and significantly reduce the crop productivity and production. Long ter...
10 citations
TL;DR: Endophytic bacteria obtained from the roots, stem and leaves of Piper colubrinum, a wild relative of black pepper, are a good source of antagonistic bacteria against Phytophthora capsici, a threat for black pepper cultivation.
Abstract: Foot rot caused by Phytophthora capsici is a threat for black pepper cultivation. No cultivated variety is resistant to the disease. Endophytic bacteria were obtained from the roots, stem and leave...
8 citations
TL;DR: This review focuses on bacteriophage-mediated control of fire blight, the most destructive bacterial disease of apples and pears, which is caused by Erwinia amylovora, and discusses the different methods for the development of phage cocktails.
Abstract: The ability of agriculture to continuously feed a growing world population depends essentially on the use of effective and sustainable strategies to control crop diseases. Currently used bacterial ...
8 citations
TL;DR: Effects of SiO2 NPs and Rhizobium leguminosarum alone and in combination caused a significant reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll, carotenoid and increase proline content over un-inoculated control in plants with pathogens.
Abstract: Effects of SiO2 NPs and Rhizobium leguminosarum alone and in combination was observed on the Meloidogyne incognita and Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi on pea. Inoculation of plants with M. incognita ...
7 citations
TL;DR: India has a huge potential for numerous crops production which are proficiently valued for small grower to the highest producers, and the social and economic applicability, especially in rural areas, is huge.
Abstract: India has a huge potential for numerous crops production which are proficiently valued for small grower to the highest producers. Considering, the social and economic applicability, especially in c...
TL;DR: Silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using 20% (v/v) extract at higher temperature demonstrated the most effective inhibition of plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
Abstract: Abstract Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent have vast potential in agriculture for the protection of plants from diseases and increasing crop productivity. In this study, the bulbils of aerial yam (Dioscorea bulbifera L.) were investigated for their potential for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Variation in the absorption spectra of silver nanoparticles synthesized using different concentrations of 10 to 50% (v/v) of plant extract was observed. Phytochemical analysis of aerial yam bulbils revealed high content of flavonoid (4.06 ± 0.44 mg/g), phenols (3.36 ± 0.20 mg/g) and tannins (12.42 ± 0.22 mg/g) with potential role in the bioreduction process. Highest inhibition (98-100%) was recorded against Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with 100 ppm silver nanoparticles. The inhibition zone against Bacillus sp. and Enterobacter cloacae ranged from 6.00 ± 0.41 to 11.00 ± 0.87 mm at 100 ppm concentration indicating antibacterial efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using 20% (v/v) extract at higher temperature demonstrated the most effective inhibition of plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
TL;DR: It was showed that essential oil, major component limonene and its derivatives are effective against M. incognita and can be further explored for nematicidal properties.
Abstract: Citrus reticulata (Kinnow) peel essential oil, isolated major compound limonene and its derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita. The essenti...
TL;DR: The results showed that among the 10 tested commercial fungicides, prochloraz and polyoxin-D highly reduced the mycelial growth of Fusarium graminearum and FUSarium oxysporum, respectively as compared to other fungicides at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L.
Abstract: Fusarium ear rot is an important disease of maize and requires several fungicide treatments to achieve satisfactory control in China. The extensive use of common fungicides to control this disease ...
TL;DR: Overall, such applied treatments have the possibility to suppress wheat foliar diseases as a safe alternative to chemical fungicides and avoid harmful effect for human health and polluting the environment.
Abstract: Field trials in two sowing dates were conducted to assess the possibility of applying bioagents as wheat grain dressing for suppressing severity of foliage diseases, i.e. powdery mildew, septoria l...
TL;DR: This is the first report of Fusarium sp.
Abstract: This study was made to identify the fungi associated with post-harvest decay in avocado fruit from Xalisco city in Nayarit state and to determine their potential biocontrol with Meyerozyma caribbic...
TL;DR: Identified two new fungal strains of Alternaria in sugar beet in sub-tropical India and opens up path for future work on its ITS region, in identifying the various protein coding genes used for boosting or replacing ITS region in species identification of fungi.
Abstract: Two hitherto Alternaria species, viz., A. ashwinii and A. dilkushana causing leaf spot on the margins of flavescent and older leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) are being reported for the firs...
TL;DR: The powdery mildew (CHD13) which infected strawberry in Java was identified using morphological and Internal Transcribed Spacer rDNA region and revealed that the identity of the author was unknown.
Abstract: The powdery mildew (CHD13) which infected strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch) in Java was identified using morphological and Internal Transcribed Spacer rDNA region. It revealed that the identity ...
TL;DR: Neem seed powder, garlic and neem leaf powder can be suggested as management options of S. oryzae in storage condition and botanicals have the potential F1 S.Oryzae reduction effect.
Abstract: Storage pests are the main cause of crop losses. This study was carried out to assess the status of storage insect pest infestation and evaluate the efficacy of botanicals for the management of ric...
TL;DR: Endophytic isolates constitutes a valuable resource for development of BCAs against Pythium mediated soft-rot disease and is of particular relevance especially for soil-borne Pythium species that pose major productivity constraint for spice crop, ginger.
Abstract: Abstract Prospecting for plant growth promoting (PGP) endophytes is of particular relevance especially for soil-borne Pythium species that pose major productivity constraint for spice crop, ginger. Pythium- resistant wild ginger congener, Zingiber zerumbet L Smith constitutes a good source for prospecting PGP endophytes. Present study towards characterising bacterial flora from Z. zerumbet endosphere and rhizosphere yielded a total of 109 isolates from different tissue sets viz., leaves, rhizomes, axenically grown in vitro plantlets and rhizosphere. Morphological and PCR-RFLP analysis categorised isolates to 16 groups with representatives from each group identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Isolates ZzTC6, ZzER11 and ZzER62 identified respectively as Bacillus pumilus, B. amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis exhibited antagonism to P. myriotylum. Isolates also exhibited PGP traits like catalase and ammonia production with ZzTC6 also being IAA producer while ZzER62 positive for HCN. Endophytic isolates constitutes a valuable resource for development of BCAs against Pythium mediated soft-rot disease.
TL;DR: The applied silicate salts, potassium and sodium showed superior suppressing effect of SLB severity on all sown wheat cultivars followed by chitosan, tri-sodium polyphosphate, glutathione and the fungicide, in respective order.
Abstract: Tri sodium polyphosphate, Potassium silicate, sodium silicate, Glutathione and chitosan were evaluated as foliar spray for suppressing septoria leaf blotch (SLB) disease severity were performed und...
TL;DR: The results indicate a distinct role of PR proteins in the defense response of Cumin plants, found to be higher in the pathogen inoculated plants than the control plants.
Abstract: Abstract The activities of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase, two important PR proteins were measured on 15 days and one month old plants in two varieties viz. GC-4 (Resistant) and RZ-209 (Susceptible) as control and pathogenic state, respectively. The activities were found to be higher in the pathogen inoculated plants than the control plants. Varietal differences with respect to slightly higher β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activity in var. GC-4 than var. RZ-209 was obtained. The enzyme activity gradually increased throughout the experimental period of 168 h in pathogen inoculated plants as compared to control. However, the increase in activity of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase was more rapid and to a greater extent in plants of var. GC-4 than in var. RZ-209. A number of protein bands were observed on SDS-Page, further Western blot analysis revealed the presence of 30 and 28 kDa bands of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in induced cumin plants. The results indicate a distinct role of PR proteins in the defense response of Cumin plants. The isolation, cloning and characterization of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase were, then performed as a part of a wider study to enhance the resistance of cumin to fungal diseases. A phylogenetic analysis was done to investigate the pattern of functional divergence in these proteins.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of sunn hemp and Mexican sunflower extracts were evaluated on the development of Meloidogyne incognita on two vegetables, Amaranthus cruentus and Solanum macrocarpon in the screenhouse in 2017.
Abstract: Abstract The effects of sunn hemp and Mexican sunflower extracts were evaluated on the development of Meloidogyne incognita on two vegetables, Amaranthus cruentus and Solanum macrocarpon in the screenhouse in 2017. Seedlings of each vegetable were inoculated with 3000 eggs of M. incognita per pot. There were five treatments; sunn hemp and Mexican sunflower extracts at 20 and 40 g leaf tissues/L water for each and a non-treated control. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design in four replications. Data were collected on nematode counts, egg masses, developmental stages and gall-index. Extracts of sunn hemp and Mexican sunflower at 40 g leaf tissues/L water, significantly reduce nematode number, egg mass and gall-index in comparison with plants treated at 20 g leaf tissue/L water and non-treated control plants. Plants treated at lower rate were not different from the non-treated control plants in all parameters measured. The results showed that sunn hemp or Mexican sunflower at 40 g leaf tissue/L could be used in managing nematode pest.
TL;DR: Bacterial isolates from potato cultivation lands in Indonesia showing ≥50% cyst and egg mortality were identified based on morphological and molecular approach and could be potential biocontrol agents for golden cyst nematode.
Abstract: The nematicidal ability of forty-five bacterial isolates from potato cultivation lands in Indonesia were examined. The isolates showing ≥50% cyst and egg mortality were identified based on morpholo...
TL;DR: This study evaluated the antifungal activity of NPs against Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould, which is an important fungal diseases in several crops.
Abstract: This study evaluated the antifungal activity of NPs against Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould, which is an important fungal diseases in several crops. In addition, a green method for...
TL;DR: Molecular screening revealed that three PAPR genes Sr2/Yr30/Lr27, Lr46/yr29/Sr58/Pm39 and Lr34/YR18/Sar57/P m38 were present in the majority of resistant F2 plants, while, race-specific gene Lr26/SR31/Ywr9 was present mostly in susceptible F1 plants.
Abstract: Abstract To study the genetic basis of pleiotropic resistance to rusts and powdery mildew in hexaploid wheat, three Egyptian cultivars, Misr-1, Sids-13 and Sakha-94 were crossed to three CIMMYT cultivars carrying pleiotropic resistance genes i.e., Pavon-76 (Sr2/Yr30/Lr27, Lr46/Yr29/Sr58/Pm39), Jupateco-73-R (Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38) and Seri-82 (Lr26/Sr31/Yr9). In F2 progeny test, no segregation was found in four crosses, Pavon-76/Misr-1, Pavon-76/Sids-13, Jupateco-73-R/Sids-13, and Jupateco-73-R/Sakha-94, indicating the dominance of pleiotropic adult plant resistance (PAPR). Segregation ratios of the other five crosses fitted the expected ratios indicating the absence of these genes in the tested Egyptian cultivars. There was a difference between each of the two parents that was controlled by digenic recessive or dominance. Molecular screening revealed that three PAPR genes Sr2/Yr30/Lr27, Lr46/Yr29/Sr58/Pm39 and Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38 were present in the majority of resistant F2 plants, while, race-specific gene Lr26/Sr31/Yr9 was present mostly in susceptible F2 plants. PAPR genes should be considered for marker-assisted wheat breeding.
TL;DR: Farmers at Debre Berhan are recommended to use Gudenie, Belete, Gera and Netib5 varieties while at Tengego, GudenIE, Beletes, Chekole and Jalenie are recommendable, and at Megezez the varieties of Gera, Netib 5, belete and Chekoles are recommended.
Abstract: In North Shewa potato production is limited due to lack of awareness of potato production and lack of improved potato varieties, low yield of potato and potato devastating by late blight. The field...
TL;DR: Five mutants showing lowest genetic similarities with the wild-type demonstrated improvement in their biocontrol capabilities as revealed by in vitro assays.
Abstract: This study was carried out to assess in vitro biocontrol efficacy of the Trichoderma aureoviride gamma-induced mutants against three soilborne phytopathogens (Fusarium graminearum, Sclerotinia scle...
TL;DR: The potential application of non-native strains of Alcaligenes faecalis and Acinetobacter sp as biological control agents of tomato canker disease was showed.
Abstract: Tomato bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, is a serious tomato disease causing plant death and significant economic losses to the farmers. Several measures h...