Showing papers in "Arquivo Brasileiro De Medicina Veterinaria E Zootecnia in 2012"

Caracterização demográfica das populações de cães e gatos supervisionados do município de São Paulo

Abstract: This study aimed to estimate the owned dog and cat populations of Sao Paulo city using a complex sample with random selection in two stages. In each administrative district, six census sectors and 20 households in each sampled sector were visited from September 2006 to September 2009, totalizing 11,272 interviews. The human:dog ratio was 4.34 and the human:cat ratio was 19.33. The dog population was 2,507,401 and the cat population, 562,965. The dog population was composted of 52.7% males, while among the cat population it was 45.1%. The proportion of sterilized females (23.4% among dogs and 46.1% among cats) was higher than males (11.4% among dogs and 31.5% among cats). The mean age of dogs was 4.99 years, and for cats, 3.53 years. The proportion of restricted (without access to the street) dogs, 64.4%, was higher than restricted cats, 42.5%. The average number of animals/household was 1.60 for dogs and 1.69 for cats. The animal ownership is associated with cultural factors, therefore the characterization of canine and feline population is essential to implement an adequate animal population management program and zoonosis control.

Estatística espacial de varredura na detecção de áreas de risco para a cisticercose bovina no estado da Bahia

Abstract: In order to identify the spatial geographical distribution of the infected animals and measure the areas under risk of contracting bovine cysticercosis, spatial scan analysis was used to identify clusters of positive bovine for Cysticercus bovis recorded in the period from 2006 to 2007, from six slaughterhouses under the Federal Inspection Service. The number of slaughtered cattle was 825,951, of which (0.7%) 5,395 were diagnosed as positive for the disease, through post-mortem inspection. The spatial scan analysis through the likelihood ratio showed the spatial distribution of bovine cysticercosis concentrated in defined a geographic area less likely to have occurred by chance, with an estimated risk of 13.6. This specific area encompasses 101 municipalities that belong to Itapetinga, Litoral Sul, Medio Rio de Contas, Vitoria da Conquista and Extremo Sul Territories of Identification in Bahia State.

Antimicrobial profile screening of two oils of Copaifera genus

Abstract: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a atividade inibitoria de oleos de copaiba sobre o crescimento dos micro-organismos: Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundi, Staphylococcus aureus, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae e Haemophilus parasuis. Foi realizado um teste de difusao em agar com duas solucoes a 10% de oleos de copaiba obtidos de duas diferentes especies de copaiba (Copaifera officinalis e C. langsdorffii) e um controle negativo com tween 80 e agua. Os isolados clinicos de H. parasuis e A. pleuropneumoniae foram incubados em microaerofilia. Os resultados mostraram tres especies Gram-negativas inibidas por ambas as solucoes de oleo de copaiba: E. coli, P. aeruginosa e S. flexneri. Na inibicao de P. aeruginosa o oleo de C. officinalis foi superior ao de C. langsdorffii (P<0,05). Todas as cepas de S. aureus tiveram seu crescimento inibido pelas solucoes no ensaio, sem diferenca estatistica entre os halos. Estes resultados sugerem que o oleo de copaiba pode ser uma fonte potencial de compostos inibitorios para ser utilizada como antimicrobianos no tratamento de infeccoes humanas e animais e conservacao de alimentos.

Estrutura do dossel, consumo e desempenho animal em pastos de capim-marandu sob lotação contínua

Abstract: Avaliaram-se o valor nutritivo, a estrutura do dossel, a ingestao de forragem e a producao animal de novilhos em pastos de capim-marandu submetidos a tres intensidades de pastejo. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos completos ao acaso, com duas repeticoes e tres intensidades de pastejo, representadas pelas alturas do pasto de 15, 30 e 45cm. Mensalmente, os pastos foram amostrados para as estimativas das caracteristicas estruturais do dossel e o valor nutritivo da forragem. A ingestao de materia seca pelos animais foi estimada no verao e no outono de 2008. A oferta de forragem decresceu a medida que aumentou a intensidade de pastejo. Pastos manejados com 15cm de altura apresentaram maior valor nutritivo e estrutura do dossel mais favoravel a apreensao de forragem pelos animais. A oferta limitou a ingestao de forragem no pasto com 15cm de altura, consequentemente se verificaram menor ganho de peso e maior taxa de lotacao. Foram observados ganhos por area semelhantes nos pastos com 15 e 30cm, e ganhos mais elevados no pasto com 45cm. Durante o periodo das aguas, o capim-marandu deve ser utilizado entre 15 e 30cm de altura sob lotacao continua.

Productive performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed at different frequencies and periods with automatic dispenser

Abstract: Avaliou-se o desempenho de tilapias-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) produzidas em tanque-rede, providas de dispensadores automaticos de racao, alimentadas em diferentes frequencias - uma vez por hora e a cada duas horas - e periodos - durante o dia, a noite ou ambos. Dezoito tanques-rede de 1.0m3 foram colocados em um tanque de 2000m2 com dois metros de profundidade e renovacao de agua de 5%. Cento e setenta tilapias, com peso inicial de 16.0±4.9g foram distribuidas em cada tanque-rede de 1m3 e a taxa alimentar foi ajustada a cada 21 dias junto com as biometrias. As medidas foram coletadas de marco a julho (outono e inverno). Observou-se diferenca significativa para peso final (P<0.05) entre os tratamentos. O aumento da frequencia alimentar melhorou o desempenho produtivo de tilapias-do-nilo produzidas em tanque-rede e permitiu melhor manejo alimentar. A melhor conversao alimentar para alta frequencia, 24 vezes dia-1, pode resultar em uma economia de ate 360kg de racao por tonelada de peixe produzido, melhorando a sustentabilidade economica para producao de tilapia e sugerindo menor poluicao ambiental.

Performance and egg quality of laying hens fed with dietary levels of digestible lysine and threonine

Abstract: The present study was developed using 864 Hy-Line W36 laying hens (42 to 58 weeks of age) with a randomized experimental design in a 4x3 factorial arrangement, with five replicates and 12 birds per experimental unit and 4 evaluation periods of 28 days each. The digestible lysine levels studied were 0.675%, 0.743%, 0.811% and 0.879%, and the digestible threonine levels were 0.542%, 0.596% and 0.650%. The performance and egg quality was evaluated. There were no significant effects on the egg production, specific gravity, albumen and yolk percentage and total solids in albumen and yolk for birds submitted to the different dietary digestible lysine and threonine levels. There was significant interaction between these amino acids on the egg shell percentage and Haugh unit in fresh eggs. There was a decreasing linear effect on the feed intake with increase of digestible lysine level. Egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion demonstrated a quadratic effect with the increase of the digestible lysine level with the best results in the diets with 0.754, 0.772 and 0.795% of digestible lysine, respectively.

Valor nutritivo de dietas contendo torta de mamona submetida a métodos alternativos de destoxificação para ovinos

Abstract: Feed intake and digestibility were evaluate in sheep fed diets containing castor bean cake with no treatment (NT), treated with calcium carbonate (CC), urea (UR), phosphate monodicalcium (FOS) and autoclave (ACL). We used 20 sheep in a randomized block design, being 10 males and 10 females, crossbred Morada Nova. The diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Ricin was partially denatured through the treatments of detoxification of the castor bean cake. There was no treatment effect of detoxification of the castor bean cake on the intake of nutrients. The digestibility of neutral detergent fiber in the NT treatment had a 57.52% average, higher than the CC treatment which had an average of 52.42%. The digestibility of ether extract was higher in CC treatment, which had an average of 71.29% compared to the FOS treatment that had an average of 68.22%. Regarding the effect of sex, there was a higher intake of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in males compared to females when intake was expressed as g/day. The castor bean cake NT can be used in rations for sheep as an alternative protein source participating in up to 8% of the total ration, without causing significant reductions in intake and digestibility.

Mordedura canina e atendimento antirrábico humano em Minas Gerais

Abstract: The objective of the present paper is describe and evaluate dog bite and some aspects of anti-rabid human care in Minas Gerais during five years, correlating the sources of information and epidemiological risk areas defined for human rabies transmitted by dogs in the State. We performed an observational retrospective study by adapted exploration form analysis, from 1999 to 2004, using databases of Epidemiology of Minas Gerais and National Information Systems of reportable disease, Immunization, Mortality, Hospitalization, International Code of Diseases (10th revision). The areas of risk for human rabies transmitted by dogs were pre determined. The dog bite is still the main complaint that leads to care. The profile of the patient is a male student, under 14 years of age, with a single wound in members, resident in an urban low risk area for human rabies transmitted by dogs, and is healthy and observable. The treatment is excessive in areas of low and medium risk. In high-risk areas, there is a low indication of treatment. Information systems do not offer the reliability required by the doctor responsible for prescribing the appropriate anti-rabies treatment. Rabies prophylaxis should have a multi-centre aspect, with interfaces in attention to health and veterinary, which has not occurred, providing surveillance failures.

Validade e responsividade de uma escala multidimensional para avaliação de dor pós-operatória em gatos

Abstract: O manejo adequado da dor depende de metodos de avaliacao acurados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a validade e a responsividade de uma escala multidimensional para avaliacao de dor pos-operatoria em gatas submetidas a ovario-histerectomia. Trinta gatas foram filmadas no periodo perioperatorio em quatro momentos predeterminados: pre-operatorio, pos-operatorio antes e depois da analgesia de resgate e as 24 horas apos o termino da cirurgia. Cinco observadores nao cientes dos momentos de avaliacao e um observador considerado padrao-ouro (pesquisador que desenvolveu a escala) avaliaram os videos em ordem aleatoria e determinaram os escores de dor dos animais, utilizando a escala a ser validada. A responsividade e a validade de conteudo e constructo foram estabelecidas pelo aumento e pela reducao significativa nos escores de dor, em resposta ao procedimento cirurgico e a administracao de analgesia de resgate, respectivamente, avaliados pelo teste de Wilcoxon (P<0,001). A validade de criterio foi atestada pela concordância alta entre as avaliacoes do padrao-ouro com os demais observadores, analisada pela porcentagem de absoluta concordância e coeficiente Kappa ponderado. Os resultados suportam a validade e a responsividade de uma escala multidimensional para avaliacao de dor aguda pos-operatoria em gatas submetidas a ovario-histerectomia, quando utilizada por veterinarios formados e com experiencia clinica.

Benzocaína e eugenol como anestésicos para o quinguio (Carassius auratus)

Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the induction and recuperation time of quinguio (Carassius auratus) exposed to two anesthetics, eugenol and benzocaine. 128 juveniles with 2.07±0.53g of average weight and 5.51±0.56cm of total length were used. The benzocaine proved to be more efficient than the eugenol regarding the time in inducing a coma and recovering flight, as well as survival. The better results of benzocaine doses were 87.5 and 100mg.L-1. The eugenol resulted in a delay of animal induction and recovery, and also presented mortalities when the anesthetics doses were increased.

Reproductive parameters of Santa Inês ewes submitted to short-term treatment with re-used progesterone devices

Abstract: Avaliou-se a eficacia da reutilizacao de dispositivos intravaginais de progesterona (P4) sobre caracteristicas reprodutivas em ovelhas Santa Ines. As femeas receberam dispositivos intravaginais contendo P4 para o seu primeiro, segundo ou terceiro uso por cinco dias, associado a 300 UI eCG IM e 5mg dinoprost laterovulvar 24h antes da remocao dos dispositivos. Ultrassonografia transretal foi realizada da remocao dos dispositivos ate a ovulacao. Parte das ovelhas foi submetida a inseminacao artificial laparoscopica (IAL- n=55) com semen a fresco, enquanto outra parte foi acasalada por machos ferteis (n=41). Nas 18 h iniciais, as ovelhas que receberam dispositivos pela primeira vez apresentaram maior concentracao de P4 (5.1±1.8 vs 3.5±1.4 vs 2.4±1.1 - P<0.05). Entretanto, apos as primeiras 48h nenhuma diferenca foi observada entre os tratamentos quanto as concentracoes circulantes de progesterona. Foram encontradas concentracoes de progesterona supraluteais em todas as ovelhas na retirada dos dispositivos. Estro, intervalo da retirada ao estro, taxa de animais que ovularam, numero de ovulacoes, momento da retirada a ovulacao e taxa media de concepcao apos IAL ou monta natural foram similares entre os tratamentos. Dispositivos intravaginais de progesterona podem ser usados ate tres vezes sem alterar as caracteristicas reprodutivas de ovelhas Santa Ines.

Evolução anual da qualidade do leite cru refrigerado processado em uma indústria de Minas Gerais

Abstract: The present study aimed to analyze the annual evolution of cooled raw milk quality, through analytical analysis of the data base of individual bulk milk tanks analysis, monthly computed from April/2002 to December/2008 at a dairy industry in Minas Gerais. The mean volume of milk in compliance with IN51 for total bacterial count for year 2008 increased from 74.3% in 2002 to 85.8% in 2008. Considering IN51 for year 2011, these values would be 30.5% and 46.6%, respectively. The mean volume of milk in compliance with IN51 for somatic cells count reduced from 93.5% in 2002 to 90.1% in 2008. Considering the legal standard for the year of 2011, these values would be 64.9 and 60.5%, respectively. In relation to the solid composition of milk, the mean volume of milk in compliance with IN51 for fat, protein and solids nonfat were 95.2%, 98.2% and 89.6%, respectively. The season variations affected the quality of the bulk tank cooled raw milk from bulk tanks. The implantation of a payment system for the quality of milk to the producer revealed to be efficient in its objective to improve the quality indexes of raw milk.

Avaliação da incidência e fatores de risco da retenção de placenta em vacas mestiças leiteiras

Abstract: The incidence rate, risk factors and impact of retained placenta on the reproductive and productive performance of crossbred dairy cows was evaluated. The frequency distribution of retained placenta and also a Poisson multivariate analysis were developed for the following variables: year, calving season, lactation order, body condition score, gestation length, type of delivery, number and sex of calves. First calf heifers and multiparous cows, with and without retained placenta, during the rainy and dry season, had their average results compared in the following items: days from calving to first service, number of semen doses per conception, milk production up to 305 days and lactation peak. The incidence rate of retained placenta was 12.8%. The risk factors were: rainy calving season, 2nd, 3rd and above 4th lactation orders, body scores below 3.5 and greater than 4.0, abortion, stillbirth, premature birth, assisted birth and multiple birth. An increase of 51.2 and 27.5 days in the average interval between calving and first service, and of 1.2 and 0.6 in the average number of semen doses was observed in multiparous cows with retained placenta, giving birth during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively (P<0.05).

Effect of different concentrations of protein on the digestive system of juvenile silver catfish

Abstract: Aspects of digestion in juvenile silver catfish Rhamdia quelen fed with four levels of protein (20, 27, 34 and 41%) were studied. The studied traits were digestive enzymes (nonspecific proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase) and weight gain. The experiment lasted 60 days; 160 juvenile catfish with initial body weight of 32 grams were transferred to the experimental system of 500L tanks with re-circulated and thermostatized water. The average weight of silver catfish increased with dietary protein and 41% of crude protein (CP) was accepted as the best one. Gastric protease activity increases with the CP level. The intestinal alkaline protease reached the peak at 27% CP and the highest activities were observed in the anterior section of the gut (AS). The trypsin peak was observed at 34% CP in the AS and medium section of the gut (MS). Amylase and lipase activities were inverse to the dietary CP and the highest values were observed in AS. In conclusion, the digestive enzymes of catfishes are responsive to the dietary protein level. The dietary CP required for highest weight gain of juvenile silver catfish is 41%.

Confiança e agregação de valor em carnes com indicação geográfica

Abstract: The increased demand for agrifood products with certification related to the geographical origin has occurred on both global and national levels, seeking to meet specific market niches In this sense, this article aims to identify consumer perceptions with respect to geographical indicators and their willingness to pay for this attribute As a method, there was an internet survey among 272 consumers of beef with the help of the Sphinx software It was found that consumer perception on geographical indications in meat is generally positive, and this attribute is recognized as a quality indicator Consumers believe that this meat offers security and is more reliable than the product that doesn’t mention source, and you can add value to these differences In addition, consumers value this attribute and are willing to pay more for meat with the seal of geographical indication

Efeito da endogamia sobre características morfométricas em cavalosda raça Mangalarga Marchador

Abstract: Estimou-se o coeficiente de endogamia e avaliou-se seu efeito sobre caracteristicas morfometricas dos animais em um criatorio no norte de Minas Gerais. As caracteristicas estudadas foram alturas da cernelha e da garupa, comprimentos da cabeca, do pescoco, do dorso-lombo, da garupa e do corpo, larguras do peito e da garupa. O arquivo continha 2186 informacoes de parentesco de animais do arquivo zootecnico da fazenda, desde o inicio da formacao da raca, 1951, ate o ano de 2006. Calculou-se o coeficiente de endogamia (F) e avaliou-se seu efeito por meio de regressao linear simples sobre as medidas morfometricas. Do total de animais, 27,6% mostraram-se endogâmicos, sendo o F medio da populacao igual a 1,4%. Considerando-se apenas os animais endogâmicos, a consanguinidade media atingiu 5,3%, minimo de 0,1 e maximo de 28,1%. Nao se verificaram efeitos negativos da endogamia sobre as caracteristicas morfometricas, exceto para largura da garupa, em que se observou que para cada 10% de acrescimo de F houve aumento de 0,576cm na largura da garupa. Possivelmente, devido ao baixo valor encontrado, a endogamia nao influenciou as demais caracteristicas avaliadas.

Substituição do farelo de milho pela farinha de manga no desempenho da tilápia-do-nilo

Abstract: Avaliou-se nesta pesquisa o efeito de diferentes fontes de carboidratos no desempenho de alevinos de tilapia. Foram testadas quatro dietas isoproteicas com diferentes concentracoes de farinha de manga 0; 33, 66, e 100% em substituicao ao milho. O periodo de alimentacao foi de 45 dias, e a taxa de arracoamento foi de 8% da biomassa. Foram utilizados 360 alevinos de tilapia-do-nilo, com peso medio inicial de 2,08±0,13g, distribuidos em 12 caixas de 500L, em um sistema de recirculacao de agua com biofiltro. Foram avaliados indices de desempenho, consumo de racao, rendimento de carcaca e sobrevivencia. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o ganho de peso individual, o ganho medio diario, a taxa de crescimento especifico, o consumo de racao aparente, a conversao alimentar aparente e a sobrevivencia nao foram afetados pelas fontes de carboidratos testadas. O rendimento de carcaca foi influenciado pela farinha de manga na racao. Concluiu-se que o milho na dieta pode ser substituido 100% pela farinha de manga para a tilapia, sem prejudicar o desempenho.

Plasma rico em plaquetas no tratamento de lesões condrais articulares induzidas experimentalmente em equinos: avaliação clínica, macroscópica, histológica e histoquímica

Abstract: The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of articular cartilage defects induced experimentally in horses was studied. For this purpose, both patellofemoral joints of four animals were approached through arthroscopic surgery to perform a cartilage defect on the medial femoral trochlea. After 30 days of induction the eight joints were divided into two groups. Group 1 animals received intralesional and intra-articular treatment with PRP and Group 2 animals were treated only with saline solution. The clinical assessments, constituted by lameness signs and synovial fluid analysis, were performed before induction of injury (time zero) and every 15 days in 120 days, with last analysis on day 150. The macroscopic and morphologic analysis were performed at 0 and 150 days. During the experiment Group 1 animals showed improvement in lameness when compared to Group 2 animals. The macroscopic and morphological analysis showed a better tissue repair in the treated horses. Thus, the implantation of autologous PRP showed beneficial effects in the treatment of chondral lesions, experimentally induced in horses.

Qualidade do leite cru refrigerado sob inspeção federal na região Nordeste

Abstract: Estudou-se a influencia sazonal sobre a composicao quimica, a contagem de celulas somaticas (CCS) e a contagem bacteriana total (CBT) de leite cru refrigerado em varios estados da regiao Nordeste. Os dados foram obtidos de 116.989 amostras de leite de tanques coletadas pelas industrias com cadastro no servico de inspecao federal. As amostras foram separadas em tres periodos (I, II, III), de acordo com aplicacao da Instrucao Normativa-51 (IN-51). O teor de gordura, media de 3,7%, foi o componente do leite que apresentou maior variacao. Proteina e lactose tiveram amplitude de 0,04% entre os periodos e apresentaram medias de 3,2 e 4,4%, respectivamente. Maiores valores de CCS foram observados entre os meses de maio e julho, 594,33 a 625,28 mil cel/mL, enquanto para CBT os maiores valores ocorreram nos meses de maio e junho, 1308,54 e 1333,83 UFC/mL. Observaram-se diferencas significativas nos componentes do leite entre os estados, principalmente no que se refere a qualidade higienico-sanitaria.

Hemodynamic and thermoregulatory effects of xylazine-ketamine mixture persist even after the anesthetic stage in rats

Abstract: The xylazine-ketamine mixture (KX) is an anesthetic approach commonly administered to assess cardiovascular function in rodents. This study aimed to examine if the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory effects of KX could persist after the anesthetic state ceased in rats. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with K (50mg/kg) X (10mg/kg) through the intra-peritoneal route. Hemodynamic and thermoregulatory repercussions were evaluated in animals in awake state, during an anesthetic depth and after complete recovery of anesthetized state. KX was efficient to significantly induce deep anesthesia in all rats after 10min. A complete recovery of anesthetized state was observed only after 210min. Compared with preanesthetic state and control animals that received no drug, KX induced a significant reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 10min. Hypotension was more prominent at 150min. The heart rate was also significantly reduced after 10 min of KX and the highest magnitude of bradycardia was observed at 30min. In addition, rectal temperature was markedly decreased at 30min of KX and the higher reduction occurred at 150min. The hemodynamic and thermoregulatory effects of KX were maintained even after complete anesthetic recovery.

Nutritional diversity of agricultural and agro-industrial by-products for ruminant feeding

Abstract: Fifty-seven by-products were collected from regions throughout Brazil. Chemical composition, in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were determined with the objective of grouping by-products with similar nutritional characteristics. The by-products belonging to group one (G1) presented the highest content of neutral detergent fiber exclusive of ash and nitrogenous compounds [aNDFom(n)] and lowest energy content, with 42.5% and 38.8% of IVNDFD and TDN, respectively. A new cluster analysis was carried in order to better characterize G2 by-products, six subgroups (SGs) were established (SG1 to SG6). SG1 by-products had the highest and the lowest values for lignin and TDN, respectively. SG2 by-products had the highest aNDFom(n) value, with TDN and IVNDFD values greater than 600 and 700g/kg, respectively, and crude protein (CP) value below 200g/kg in dry matter (DM). Among all the subgroups, SG3 had the highest TDN (772g/kg) and IVNDFD (934g/kg) values and the lowest lignin (23g/kg in DM) value. The ether extract was what most influenced the hierarchical establishment of residual grouping in SG4. SG5 by-products had the highest concentration of non-fibrous carbohydrate. Different from the other subgroups, SG6 by-products had the highest value of available CP. Keywords: alternative feed, nutritive value, residues, waste

Qualidade da carne de frangos caipiras abatidos em diferentes idades

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics and composition of meat from male broilers from three strains used for the semi-intensive development: Redbro cou nu - Red naked neck (Label Rouge); Redbro plume - Red neck feathered (Pesadao) and Gris Barre plume (Carijo). We analyzed differences in relation to genetic and slaughter age (70, 85 and 110 days). There was no effect of strain on the color parameters (L * a * b *) and final pH of breast meat. There was different behavior for broilers to quality of breast meat with lower tenderness values for strain Pesadao and Cooking Loss for a strain Carijo. The Carijo line presented the lowest humidity and the highest average protein values for breast meat at 110 days. The protein values reduced in the Label Rouge strain from 85 days forward. In the thigh, decreased levels of L* (brightness) and increase in the average a* (redness) was found from 110 days forward. The Shear Force and ethereal extract for breast and thigh increased from 110 days forward. Pesadao and Label Rouge strains generally presented better physical-chemical attributes, which are preferred by consumers due to this type of product.

Influência de subprodutos de oleaginosas sobre parâmetros ruminais e a degradação da matéria seca e da proteína bruta

Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the introduction of oleaginous byproducts in sheep feeding as a replacement for soybean meal. Four sheep weighing 40kg, with cannulated rumen were selected in a Latin Square (4x4) design, with for diets and four periods analyzed by regression for ruminal degradability evaluate, pH values and ammonia nitrogen concentration in vivo. Byproducts were the following cakes: peanut, sunflower and soybean, in isonitrogenous diets with 70% concentrate and 30% roughage (tifton hay). There was no effect of diet x time interaction for pH and ruminal concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (P>0.05). The average pH value was 6.2. Ruminal concentrations of ammonia nitrogen were not affected, and had an average value of 29.9mg/dL. There were no differences (P>0.05) in DM degradation and degradability rates. The use of high degradability protein sources, such as soybean cake and peanut cake, proved to be an interesting alternative to replace soybean meal.

Características reprodutivas e suas associações com outras características de importância econômica na raça Nelore

Abstract: Heritability (h 2 ) and genetic correlations (rg) were estimated between reproductive traits such as age at first calving (AFC), first calving interval (FCI) and other economically relevant traits, i.e., weight (W) at year (Y) and at 18 months of age (S), scrotal circumference (SC), and hip height (HH) in Nelore cattle. The genetic parameters were estimated in a multiple-trait analysis, with animal models using the Bayesian inference by Gibbs Sampling algorithm. The genetic parameters estimated in this work suggest the existence of genetic variability for AFC (h 2 = 0.26), where the selection for the reduction of Nelore females AFC should respond to mass selection, without causing genetic antagonism in the selection of W (rg = -0,22 (Y) and -0,44 (S)), and SC (rg = 0,02). The selection for the AFC in the long term could lead to an increase in the animal's frame, although this association is relatively low (-0.35). The posteriori heritability estimate for FCI was low, 0.11±0.03. The rg between FCI and the other traits studied indicate that selection for these growth traits will not affect the FCI.

Estudo clínico, histopatológico e imunoistoquímico de neoplasias mamárias em cadelas

Abstract: The objective was to conduct a clinical and epidemiological study of mammary cancer in bitches, considering their reproductive history, physical examination, histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis. We used 60 breast tumors which were divided into groups (group 1 - group 2 and benign - malignant). We evaluated data from the reproductive history, physical examination and histopathology and immunohistochemistry for VEGF. The study of reproductive history had 90% of irregular estrus, 86.63% of the dogs were not tested with contraceptives and 83.33% were not castrated. On physical examination, there was no difference (p>0.05) between groups regarding the consistency of the masses, surface regularity of the tumor and anatomic location of tumors. As for the masses, there was a difference between groups (p=0.0077), with 0.78±1.13cm for group 1 and 1.81±2.29 cm for group 2. 40% of benign masses and 60% of malignant masses were diagnosed, according to the types of malignancies. For VEGF, the average values were 2.22±0.89 for malignant tumors and 1.66±0.91 for benign, with differences between groups (p=0.0315). The mammary tumors do not exhibit characteristics of reproductive history and clinical examination to help the differential diagnosis, and histopathology is the only method for completion of diagnosis and immunohistochemistry which can be used for injury prognosis.

Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in herds and animals slaughtered in 2009 in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Abstract: Estimou-se a prevalencia de tuberculose em bovinos, e em seus respectivos rebanhos, abatidos em 2009 no estado de Mato Grosso, utilizando como diagnostico confirmatorio o exame bacteriologico e o molecular a partir de fragmentos de tecidos lesionados. Nos sete abatedouros selecionados, detentores de servico de inspecao federal (SIF), foram inspecionados 41.193 bovinos, sadios ao exame ante mortem, procedentes de 492 rebanhos originarios de 85 (60%) municipios mato-grossenses. Um total de 198 carcacas apresentaram lesoes suspeitas. Apenas tres carcacas (3/198) apresentaram lesoes confirmadas como tuberculosas pelos diagnosticos laboratoriais. A prevalencia aparente de tuberculose bovina em animais e rebanhos abatidos no estado de Mato Grosso foi de 0,007% [IC 95% = -0,001%; 0,016%] e 0,61% [IC 95% = -0,08%; 1,30%], respectivamente. O estado do Mato Grosso possui, naturalmente, um status sanitario considerado de baixa prevalencia.

Influência do período de armazenamento na qualidade do ovo integral pasteurizado refrigerado

Abstract: The pH and microbiological quality of refrigerated pasteurized whole eggs at 4oC obtained from two types of raw materials, in nature (commercial) egg and the fertile egg were evaluated. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized split plot design, the two types of pasteurized whole eggs (commercial and fertile) were alloted to the plots and four periods of storage under refrigeration (one, seven, 14 and 21 days) to the split plot. The presence of Salmonella spp. was not observed in the samples and the commercial pasteurized whole egg storage period did not contribute to the increase (P>0.05) in mesophilic aerobic coliforms at 35oC, Staphylococcus spp and mold and yeast contamination. For samples of fertile pasteurized whole eggs, the storage period influenced the increased (P<0.05) count of mesophilic aerobic, coliforms at 35oC, mold and yeast and Staphylococcus spp. The pH values rose during the first days of storage and then decreased again. It was concluded that fertile pasteurized whole eggs have lower quality than the commercial pasteurized whole eggs, and that the shelf life of these could be seven and 14 days, respectively.

Diagnosis of Brucella ovis infection by serology and PCR in urine samples from naturally infected rams in the state of Piauí

Abstract: A brucelose ovina causada pela Brucella ovis e uma doenca reprodutiva de carneiros caracterizada por epididimite, orquite, com consequente diminuicao da fertilidade e prejuizos economicos significativos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a aplicabilidade da tecnica de PCR como um metodo de diagnostico em campo, comparado-a com a tecnica de IDGA. Foram coletadas amostras de urina e soro de 90 carneiros oriundos de 31 rebanhos localizados no Estado do Piaui. Quatro das 31 (12,9%) propriedades avaliadas apresentaram animais positivos. Dezoito (20%) amostras de urina foram positivas pela PCR, enquanto o metodo de IDGA identificou 16 (17,8%) carneiros soropositivos. Embora os metodos tenham apresentado concordância baixa na estatistica Kappa (k=0,04), nao foi observada diferenca estatistica entre as tecnicas (P>0,05) pelo teste exato de Fisher. A combinacao dos dois testes aumentou significativamente a deteccao de animais positivos para 34,4% (P <0,05), sugerindo que a associacao de metodos de diagnostico como a tecnica de PCR em amostras de urina e sorologia por IDGA e a avaliacao clinica dos animais e necessaria para um diagnostico eficiente na infeccao por B. ovis.

Spawning failure in Brycon amazonicus may be associated with ovulation and not with final oocyte maturation

Abstract: Avaliaram-se os possiveis mecanismos envolvidos com a falha na desova de matrinxas (Brycon amazonicus), submetidas a inducao hormonal por extrato bruto de hipofise de carpa. Para tal, apos a extrusao, os ovarios foram coletados e analisados histomorfometricamente. Nas femeas que nao desovaram (FNDs), a maioria dos ovocitos vitelogenicos remanescentes nos ovarios atingiu a maturacao final, apresentando quebra de vesicula germinativa, mas nao foram ovulados (NOs). Consequentemente, estas femeas apresentaram frequencias mais baixas de foliculos pos ovulatorios (5%) quando comparadas com a que desovou (FD) (23%). Com relacao aos NOs, os valores se inverteram e a frequencia destes nas FNDs (21%) foi maior do que na FD (3%). Estes dados indicam que as falhas na desova desta especie estao provavelmente relacionadas com a ovulacao, uma vez que a maturacao final dos ovocitos ocorre de forma similar tanto nas FNDs como na FD. Os dados sugerem que as substâncias que promovem a ovulacao, como as prostaglandinas, podem aumentar o sucesso de desova em peixes reofilicos.

Hábito alimentar do bagre Sciades herzbergii (Siluriformes, Ariidae) da Ilha dos Caranguejos, Maranhão, Brasil

Abstract: The article describes the feeding habits of the catfish Sciades herzbergii caught in the Crabs Island (Ilha dos Caranguejos), an important coastal area of the Maranhao state, Brazil. A total of 167 individuals were collected: 110 females and 57 males. All the stomach contents were identified to the closest taxonomic level. The frequency of occurrence, biomass, numerical frequency and index of relative importance (IRI) of food items were determined for both genders. Stomach repletion was predominant, demonstrating good feeding conditions for S. herzbergii. The main alimentary items in the diet of this catfish were crustaceans, fish, oligochaets and polychaets, and the decapods crustaceans were the most representative.