Showing papers in "Biological Psychology in 2000"

TL;DR: The results suggest that the late positive wave indicates a selective processing of emotional stimuli, reflecting the activation of motivational systems in the brain.

TL;DR: Findings are consistent with the view that increasing cognitive capacity during childhood may coincide with a gradual loss rather than formation of new synapses and presumably a strengthening of remaining synaptic connections.

TL;DR: The results suggest that this is a further error-specific component, which is independent of the Ne, and hence associated with a later aspect of error processing or post-error processing.

TL;DR: Although these theoretical ideas and analytical procedures are fairly new, they may be relevant to a variety of psychophysiological or neurobiological variables.

TL;DR: It is concluded from the review of the literature that the development of processing speed, working memory, and fluid intelligence, all follow a similar time course, suggesting that all three abilities develop in concert.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the N(E)/ERN reflects either a comparison process leading secondarily to error detection, or an emotional reaction, during a choice reaction time task in which surface Laplacians were estimated by the source derivation method.

TL;DR: In this article, EEG power spectral estimates (6-7, 9,10-11,18-22, and 36-44 Hz) were obtained from skilled marksmen and novice shooters at sites F3, F4, C3, C4, T3, T4, P3, P4, O1, and O2 during the aiming period of a target shooting task for each of 40 trials up to the moment of trigger pull, were contrasted to determine regional differences in cortical activation.

TL;DR: Although the evidence is intriguing, the definitive interpretation of these findings must await further experiments, because the data collected to date are still limited.

TL;DR: The present paper provides an overview of age-related changes in both involuntary and voluntary attention in adult subjects as manifested in scalp-recorded ERPs, finding that search-related negativities in the ERPs are smaller and of longer duration in old than in young subjects over the central and anterior scalp sites.

TL;DR: Results suggest that information from multiple eye measures may be combined to produce accurate individualized real-time estimates of sub-minute scale performance changes during sustained tasks.

TL;DR: It is suggested that for older adults an increase of task complexity sometimes caused a radical failure in determining the correct response, rather than a gradual reduction of efficiency.

TL;DR: The present study investigated electrocortical and cardiovascular reactivity during positive and negative emotion, and examined the relation of asymmetric frontal lobe activation to cardiovascular responses, to suggest that asymmetrical frontal EEG responses to emotional arousal may elicit different patterns of cardiovascular reactions in healthy adults.

TL;DR: It is concluded that meditation, at least in the two forms studied here, can affect plasma melatonin levels, whether this is achieved through decreased hepatic metabolism of the hormone or via a direct effect on pineal physiology.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the parasite induced the changes in the personality profiles of the women because of the observation of an increasingly different personality profile over time between women with latent infection and controls.

TL;DR: Analysis of reaction times and movement-related brain potentials arising during the RT interval to examine the mechanisms by which people control their position along an SAT continuum implies that the two types of SAT arose during different serial stages of RT.

TL;DR: H hierarchical regression analysis is proposed as a useful technique to examine whether age-related differences in attention effects, as observed in specific ERP components and in RT, are reflections of an age effect on a single source of attentional selection or of separate sources that each contribute uniquely to the developmental trends seen in (attention effects on) RT.

TL;DR: It is concluded that a slow presentation rate of stimuli brings the ADHD child in a non-optimal activation state.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived four propositions, which together form a theoretical framework for understanding the incidence of error in conditions of time pressure and mental load, and tested the prediction that both error rate and dual task load would influence error rates and movement noisiness, together resulting in biomechanical adaptations of pen pressure.

TL;DR: The correlation coefficients indicated that in the attended conditions, the more intelligent individuals showed more regular ERP waveforms than less intelligent individuals, and it was further found that less intelligent Individuals showed increased P300 latencies and reduced amplitudes.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the supervisory-system framework provides a heuristic way for examining developmental changes in inhibitory processing.

TL;DR: No evidence that transient lowering of mood was downregulatory for salivary sIgA is found, and the predominant finding was of sIGA mobilisation.

TL;DR: It is argued that the data are relatively consistent with spared item retrieval mechanisms in the elderly presumably supported by medial temporal lobe structures, and there are too few studies at this time to reach a firm conclusion as to whether the mechanisms that support contextual retrieval, presumably mediated by prefrontal cortical structures, are impaired inThe elderly.

TL;DR: The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the left frontal region of the brain is involved in positive/approach-related emotion, and extend previous results into the olfactory realm.

TL;DR: The decision to reject a shot seems to be characterized by inappropriate allocation of the neural resources associated with task execution.

TL;DR: This review examines the evidence for the maturation of memory function during childhood using event-related brain potentials (ERP), and behavioral measures, and motivates the use of brain imaging techniques for investigation of memory systems during the developing years.

TL;DR: SIgA concentration and a broad range of cardiovascular variables were influenced by task novelty, with more pronounced activity characterising the task version presented first, irrespective of its level of difficulty.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the hypothesis that long lasting mental work demands are reflected in after-effects on attention demanding post-test probe tasks and found that subjects tended to shorten reaction times, made significantly more errors, and invested significantly less effort.

TL;DR: C cumulative effects of transcendent experiences on cortical preparatory response (heightened late CNV amplitude in simple trials) and executive functioning (diminished distraction effects in letter trials) are suggested.

TL;DR: The results are consistent with the view that there are modality-independent generators of the parietal and frontal P3, and the finding of drug-induced memory impairment and modulations of frontal ERP deflections is consistent with recent evidence of a significant role for regions of the frontal lobe in encoding and retrieval of long-term memories.

TL;DR: Results suggest that affective response matching processes (rather than affective stimulus matching) influenced both startle reflex magnitudes and probe frequency estimates, paralleling startle magnitude findings.