Showing papers in "Chemico-Biological Interactions in 2003"

TL;DR: A catalytic tetrad of Asn-Ser-Tyr-Lys residues is established, which presumably form the framework for a proton relay system including the 2'-OH of the nicotinamide ribose, similar to the mechanism found in horse liver ADH.

TL;DR: A complete listing of all ALDH sequences known to date, along with the evolutionary analysis of the eukaryotic ALDHs are presented.

TL;DR: The aldo-keto reductases are one of the three enzyme superfamilies that perform oxidoreduction on a wide variety of natural and foreign substrates and the current nomenclature is recognized by the Human Genome Project and the Web site provides a link to genomic information including chromosomal localization, gene boundaries, human ESTs and SNPs.

TL;DR: The 2-oxoaldehyde methylglyoxal (MeG) is the precursor to a number of the known advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) implicated in the development of diabetic complications, and rates of production of MeG depend upon physiological conditions such as hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis.

TL;DR: Mouse genetic findings indicate that metabolism of retinol to retinaldehyde is not tissue-restricted as it is catalyzed by ubiquitously-expressed ADH3 as well as by tissue-specifically expressed ADH1 and ADH4 (high activity forms).

TL;DR: Though acyl glucuronide-derived covalent modification of endogenous macromolecules is well-defined, the work ahead needs to provide detailed links between such modification and its possible biological consequences.

TL;DR: New SOD isoforms were detected by isoelectrofocusing in fish under food restriction at the second week, which disappeared when starved fish returned to the control conditions, and significant increases in superoxide dismut enzyme activities were found in parallel with food restriction; however catalase activity decreased in fasting fish.

TL;DR: An assignment scheme based on patterns of charged residues in the coenzyme-binding region is developed and it is found that NADP(H) is the preferred coen enzyme among most classical SDRs, while NAD(H), which is that preferred among most extended S DRs.

TL;DR: Altered, reduced and oxidized GSH levels showed significant recovery after MiADMSA and DMSA administration while, vitamins E and C were effective in reducing GSSG and TBARS levels and increasing catalase activity, suggesting beneficial role of vitamin E when administered along with the thiol chelators.

TL;DR: Test the hypothesis that nicotine and sodium deoxycholate, a cytotoxic bile salt that increases in concentration in the gastrointestinal tract after a high fat meal, induce similar cellular stresses and that nicotine may enhance some of the NaDOC-induced stresses and found that nicotine enhances the ability of NaDOC to activate the xenobiotic response element.

TL;DR: The purpose of this study was to identify amino acids that react with 4HNE and 4ONE, characterize the chemical structure of the adduct, and determine the preference for amino acid modification.

TL;DR: The higher AChE activity and catalytic efficiency in both tissues after Cu exposition and without metal accumulation, suggests an increase of free Cu aliquot into the cells, likely due to mechanisms of metal homeostasis.

TL;DR: In MC-treated cell lysates, antibodies to MC recognized three protein adducts of type-1 and type-2A protein phosphatases and the ATP-synthase beta-subunit, which could be associated with the suggested apoptosis-inducing potential of MCs.

TL;DR: The results of the present study indicate that quinone-type oxidation products of quercetin likely act as specific active site inhibitors of GSTP1-1 by binding to cysteine 47.

TL;DR: It is shown that a collapse of hepatocyte mitochondrial membrane potential preceded the cytotoxicity of most phenols, and that phenols with higher lipophilicity, BDE, or sigma+ values or with lower pK(a) and redox potential were more toxic towards hepatocytes.

TL;DR: Histologic examination revealed that the ADR-induced deleterious changes in the heart and liver tissues were offset by LMWH treatment, and Restoration of cellular normalcy accredits LMWH with cytoprotective role in adriamycin-induced cardiac and hepatic toxicity.

TL;DR: It is found that micromolar or lower concentration of La(3+), Gd (3+) and Yb(3+) bound to MT and induced swelling of isolated MT; EGTA treatment can inhibit the process.

TL;DR: In the efforts to identify agents that would specifically inhibit the two enzymes, benzbromarone and 3',3",5',5"-tetrabromophenolphthalein were found to be relatively selective and potent inhibitors of AKR1C1.

TL;DR: Evidence of relative toxic potential for the five compounds is provided and the immunomodulatory effects on both T and NK lymphocyte function are provided.

TL;DR: The inhibitory activity in glucose efflux of planar flavonoids increases exponentially with the number of hydroxyl groups in the molecule, similar to the antiestrogens diethylstilbestrol, tamoxifen and cyclofenil.

TL;DR: The results indicate that unmetabolized 2-, 3- and 4-ring PAHs can be measured in urine by HS-SPME, and can be used to investigate the uptake and metabolism of complex PAH mixtures in humans.

TL;DR: It is shown that garden and water cress juices are highly protective against B(a)P-induced DNA damage in human derived cells and that their effects can not be explained by their isothiocyanate contents.

TL;DR: Results indicate that the presence of an ortho catechol moiety in the coumarin molecules plays an important role in the protective activities against linoleic acid hydroperoixde-induced cytotoxicity.

TL;DR: Luteolin acted as the most efficiently protective agent against LOOH cytotoxicity and showed protective effects on coincubation rather than preincubation, suggesting that such flavonoids are beneficial for neuronal cells under oxidative stress.

TL;DR: Results indicate that B[a]P is metabolized by Caco-2 cells to highly polar metabolites resulting from biphasic metabolism and that these polar metabolites are subject to an apically directed transport.

TL;DR: Kinetic and genetic studies support the proposal that ADH4 may play two important physiological roles, i.e., as a major contributor to first-pass metabolism of ethanol in stomach as well as involvement in the synthesis of retinoic acid, a hormonal ligand controlling a nuclear receptor signaling pathway that regulates growth, development, and epithelial maintenance.

TL;DR: No relation between cytotoxicity of the drug and its ability to intercalate DNA is found and the most effective compounds are amino-benzyl derivatives of WP 700 series.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that 11beta-HSD 1 is active as a dimeric enzyme which exhibits cooperativity with cortisone and dehydrocorticosterone (11-oxoreducing activity) as substrates, thereby providing the fine tuning required as a consequence of great variations in circadian plasma glucocorticoid levels.

TL;DR: It is shown that a combination of molecular modelling and experimental determinations on the substrate metabolism for CYP1B1 allelic variants can aid in the understanding of structure-function relationships within P450 enzymes.

TL;DR: A new gene, the YMR318C open reading frame, which coded for a Zn-containing NADP(H)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHVI), which has been purified to homogeneity from over expressing yeast cells, and found to be a homodimer of 40 kDa subunits.