Showing papers in "Chemosphere in 1997"

TL;DR: A comprehensive and critical review of the environmental fate of eighteen commercial phthalate esters with alkyl chains ranging from 1 to 13 carbons was performed by as discussed by the authors, which revealed that most published values exceed true water solubilities due to experimental difficulties associated with solubility determinations for these hydrophobic organic liquids.

TL;DR: The amount of non-ester-linked fatty acids was as high as 70% of the total phospholipid fatty acids in some fungi and varied considerably in different organisms and are not recommended to use as "signature" fatty acids for gram negative bacteria.

TL;DR: In this paper, the reduction of nitrate to ammonia occurs with nearly complete conversion at room temperature and pressure under aerobic conditions in the presence of iron and either HCl or a pH buffer.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the adsorption kinetics of congo red from aqueous solution using the parameters such as dye concentration, adsorbent dose, agitation time and pH.

TL;DR: This review examines the available evidence regarding the actions of PAHs on estrogen receptor activity, estrogen metabolism and the hypothalamo-pituitary axis and raises the possibility that the endocrine toxicology of certainPAHs reflects both genotoxic and non-genotoxic components which may be interrelated, particularly with regard to carcinogenesis.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of microbial toxicity tests and a novel method to derive quality guidelines is presented, which can be classified as single species tests, biomass measurements, carbon and nitrogen transformations, enzymatic tests and tests measuring changes in microbial diversity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of pH on the binding capacity of humic substances was investigated. And the results showed that the more hydropholic humic acids (HA) have a greater affinity for binding hydrophobic compounds than FA.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of applied disinfectants (chlorine, chloramine and ozone), seasonal variation (winter and summer) and spatial variation (treatment plant and distribution system) were examined.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the photocatalytic degradation of reactive black 5 (RB5), a reactive azo dye, by TiO 2 and US in a batch-lab-scale reactor.

TL;DR: The study demonstrates the potential ecotoxic effect of metronidazole, suggesting the need for further investigations of the environmental exposure of medicinal substances.

TL;DR: The importance stereospecificity may have on the biodegradation and metabolite formation of a chemical is illustrated by a study of the hexadentate ligand Ethylene Diamine Di Succinate (EDDS).

TL;DR: In this paper, three different estimation methods (RP-HPLC, ClogP, calculation from water solubility) have been compared with experimental values collected through a survey of the literature.

TL;DR: The GREAT-ER project as mentioned in this paper developed and validated a powerful and accurate aquatic chemical exposure prediction tool for use within the EU environmental risk assessment schemes, which is used to calculate the distribution of predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) of down-the-drain chemicals in European surface waters on both a river and catchment area level.

TL;DR: Comparison of the acquired body burden for marine fish and the toxicity thresholds for predating marine birds and mammals provides evidence for the relevance of contaminant uptake with the food and the liability for secondary poisoning.

TL;DR: The liver concentrations of bromadiolone residues were elevated and species-specific diagnostic values were determined, quite similar to those reported in the literature when secondary anticoagulant poisoning was experimentally assessed.

TL;DR: Laboratory test methods used by industry laboratories to determine biodegradability, an important parameter for the evaluation of the ecological behaviour of substances, and internationally standardized methods and established quality criteria are used.

TL;DR: It appears that the toxic effect of the metal is primarily at physiological level and provision of certain inorganic salts can antagonize the toxic effects to some extent.

TL;DR: The results of multivariate analyses showed a general relationship between both data sets, namely the most (or least) contaminated samples were also generally the most or least) toxic as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, disinfection by-products (DBPs) were measured in raw water and in treated water at four locations in the distribution system of three water treatment plants that applied different treatment processes.

TL;DR: More than 200 existing relationships for Koc estimations have been reviewed and divided into four categories as mentioned in this paper, and the advantages and drawbacks of the different approaches are discussed briefly, due to the fact that a broad application of the proposed approaches is limited by the quality and comparability of the underlying experimental Koc values reference soils.

TL;DR: It is concluded that microcystin was degraded mainly by the action of P. aeruginosa alkaline protease, and was metabolized to (2S, 3S, 8S)-3-amino-2, 6, 8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4E, 6E-dienoic acid (DmADDA).

TL;DR: In this paper, a set of soil samples varying in age, diagenesis, and kind and amount of organic matter were examined to study the influence of effective polarity and aromaticity of soil organic matter on naphthalene sorption using batch equilibration.

TL;DR: This software can be used to carry out tiered risk assessments of increasing complexity on the basis of increasing data requirements and is applicable to both new and existing substances.

TL;DR: In this article, the sorption, biodegradation and isomerization of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in laboratory sediment/water system under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively, were investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, aqueous solution on carbonized coirpith was used to study the adsorption of copper(II) from carbon dioxide solutions under varying conditions of agitation time, metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose, and pH.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the Fenton system's ability to oxidize dichlorvos with Fenton's reagent in solutions containing various ions, and showed that the added amount of ferrous ions, the higher the elimination rate of dichlor vos and the oxidization rate after the addition of ferric ions is far smaller than that of adding ferrous ion.

TL;DR: The results indicate a severe blind spot of the acute biotest: The toxicity of certain specifically acting chemicals is drastically underestimated here, while the chronic biotests gives a more reliable estimate of the toxicity of these substances.

TL;DR: The levels of dioxins, dibenzofurans, dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs), selected diox in-like PCBs, and DDE (a persistent metabolite of DDT) were measured in 12 pooled food samples from over 90 individual specimens collected from supermarkets throughout the United States during 1995.

TL;DR: The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the total mercury intake from fish and shellfish and it was found that the mean total mercury concentration in tuna of eatable base as Sashimi or Sushi was clearly higher than the normal level.

TL;DR: A survey of volatile organic compounds excreted from various Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas spp., Serratia spp. and Enterobacter spp.) was carried out and VOCs identified included dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphides and isoprene.