Showing papers in "Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology in 2000"

TL;DR: Ecdysteroids are the molting hormones in Crustacea and they also subserve functions in the control of reproduction and embryogenesis, although recent evidence suggests a stimulatory role for yet another endocrine gland, the mandibular organ on Y-organ synthesis.

TL;DR: The results indicate that O. niloticus resisted oxidative stress by antioxidant mechanisms and prevented increases in lipid peroxidation in tilapia.

TL;DR: The stimulation of CYP1A inactivation and ROS generation indicates an uncoupling of CYp1A by TCB in many species, and when compared between species, the rates of CyP1 A inactivation correlated inversely with rates of TCB oxidation.

TL;DR: In the liver, seven days of bile duct ligation (BDL) decreases the cytochrome P-450 content and the UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity.

TL;DR: In the digestive gland of R. decussatus MTs responded to moderate increases of metal contamination, without interference with other factors, and could be a promising biochemical indicator of metal exposure.

TL;DR: Kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka kennerlyi ) exhibited hypothalamic-pituitary interrenal (HPI, adrenal homologue) axis activation and an increase in plasma cortisol concentration up to 639 +/- 55.9 ng/ml in association with upstream migration in the upper Colorado River even though they were not exposed to a change in salinity and lengthy migration as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Results suggest that serum proteins, SDH and GluDH are sensitive early indicators of this toxicity that was more severe in developing chickens.

TL;DR: The findings of the present investigation suggest that dietary vitamin-E is capable of reducing LPX level and can modulate antioxidant defence system in gills and hepatopancreas, nevertheless, the response is highly tissue specific.

TL;DR: It is reported here that AChE activity tends to decrease in individuals sampled in tanks at a salinity of 30 per thousand as temperature increases, and salinity seems to have a greater effect on A cholinesterase activity than temperature.

TL;DR: It was reached that in aquatic organisms indeed exist the different inherent, species-specific levels of MXR activity, which might be, at least partly, responsible for the resistance to, or for the sensitivity of a particular species to organic pollution.

TL;DR: Beta-D-glucans and fucoidans under study differed appreciably from each other by structural characteristics, and also by degree of purification, but the positive influence of fucose in structure of polysaccharide was obvious.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantified metallothioneins in the springtail Orchesella cincta by determining metall-othionein-bound cadmium after separation of these proteins using gel filtration and reversed phase chromatography from total body homogenates of animals dietary exposed to different concentrations of cad mium.

TL;DR: The presence of copper-specific MTs in mollusks and crustaceans suggests that CuMT-II is involved in copper homeostasis associated with the synthesis and degradation of hemocyanin.

TL;DR: Reduction of cholinergic transmission seems to play a pivotal role in determining hyperkinesia in planaria, which suggests that interactions between Cholinergic and dopaminergic systems occur very early in animal phylogeny.

TL;DR: Ace may indirectly protect the pituitary against the toxic effects of Met, and both Ace and Met both impaired circulating blood hormone and amino acid concentrations in rats, which indicates that the Ace protection plays a role in the overall toxicity.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that PCBs are metabolized to aqueous-soluble products by cetacean liver enzymes, and that in beluga, rates of metabolism of 3,3',4,4'-TCB are substantially greater than those of 2,2',5,5'- TCB.

TL;DR: Changes in haemolymph suggest that the observed histopathological damage affected gas exchange, possibly leading to death in estuarine crab Chasmagnathus granulata.

TL;DR: Plaice TH deiodination tissue distribution and characteristics resemble those of other teleosts, indicating no direct action on plasma proteins or deiodinases.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the alterations in hepatic microsomal components and lipid peroxidation caused by the antimalarials are related to the structural differences in the compounds.

TL;DR: OH-phenols-treated fish showed disorders in the metabolic toxicity indicators as hypoglycemia, low blood urea nitrogen level (BUN) and decrease of alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and quantitative structure-activity relationships were developed using the n-octanol:water partition coefficient.

TL;DR: The venom of eight individual Crotalus durissus terrificus snakes from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil and pooled venom from Butantan Institute were compared to suggest that the variability found in venom components of C. d.

TL;DR: Brown trout exposed to heavy metals for at least 2 years in the Eagle River, Colorado, were examined for liver size and activity of the growth-promoting enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and compared to trout living in an uncontaminated site.

TL;DR: It is concluded that in plasma, SSAO activity is highest in ruminants, while in tissues, SsaOActivity is more prominently present in human than in rat and pig, and in human tissues, the activity is higher than in tissues fromRat and pig.

TL;DR: The short-term ammonia toxicity test proved to be a valuable, sensitive and reproducible criterion for the establishment of larval quality.

TL;DR: The interaction of diet and accumulation of UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids in body tissues and spawn of the sea hare Aplysia dactylomela is investigated to determine if MAA accumulation reflects type and level of dietary intake.

TL;DR: The sex-specific pattern of accumulation of 5 alpha-adiols in the ovaries and testes suggests that the 5alpha- adiols may affect processes related to reproduction in L. variegatus.

TL;DR: It is found that vitellin was upregulated in females after 6 weeks and that this may be a protective measure against lipophilic xenobiotics.

TL;DR: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor sequence and function is highly conserved between birds and mammals, and although many tissues express AhR during chick embryo development, only a subset are responsive to TCDD induction of CYP1A4.

TL;DR: Data indicate that metallothionein does not protect the liver and kidneys against Cd-induced injury in the bank vole exposed to the higher level of dietary Cd; and lipid peroxidation cannot be responsible for the tissue damage.

TL;DR: Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton induced by a taxoid disruption of the microtubule equilibrium is indicative of the interdependence between microtubules and microfilaments in this transformed cell line and suggests that the indirect role of the taxoids on the microfilament network may have been overlooked in their mechanism of action as chemotherapeutic agents.