Showing papers in "Current Opinion in Neurobiology in 1992"

TL;DR: Researchers can now point to plausible circuits involved in the transmission of sensory inputs into the amygdala, between amygdaloid subregions, and to efferent targets in cortical and subcortical regions, for specific emotional learning and memory processes.

TL;DR: Goal-directed grasping and manipulation of objects are human skills that depend on automatic sensory control in which predictive feed-forward mechanisms integrate somatosensory and visual signals with sensory-motor memory systems.

TL;DR: Recent evidence shows that the frequency-specific non-linear properties of auditory nerve and inner hair cell responses to sound, including their sharp frequency tuning, are fully established in the vibration of the basilar membrane.

TL;DR: Subunit expression patterns in the brain have been found to predict in vivo compositions of GABAA receptors and molecular determinants underlying the differential binding properties of allosteric ligands to receptor subtypes have been identified.

TL;DR: In this paper, the structural and functional properties of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels have been studied and molecular cloning and protein purification studies have identified structural components, and expression studies are beginning to define the biophysical and pharmacological properties of the cloned channels.

TL;DR: The current challenge is to determine the functional contributions of the related subunits to the receptor-linked ion channels they compose and to uncover the physiological impact of the distinct channel classes expressed in vivo.

TL;DR: The cellular mechanisms of rhythmogenesis involve cooperative interactions between synaptic processes and specific membrane properties and the network seems to be driven by extrinsic sources in mature animals, whereas in the immature network pacemaker neurons might be involved.

TL;DR: This work has shown that normal secretion of nitric oxide may be responsible for the neurotoxicity mediated by NMDA receptors that results in the pathophysiology of strokes and neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: The predicted structural similarity of these proteins with oncostatin M, myelomonocytic growth factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, as well as at least a partial overlap in biological activities, is now prompting further examination of their roles in neuronal gene expression.

TL;DR: The results provide evidence that behaviorally functional grafts restore dopaminergic neurotransmission and normalize dopamine receptor function in the denervated striatum, and that these effects are likely to depend on both synaptic and extrasynaptic mechanisms.

TL;DR: Research in the field of selective visual attention has recently seen substantial progress in several areas, with imaging and cellular studies delineating the networks of anatomical areas that serve as the source of attentional modulation and suggested that these networks are anatomically distinct from the sites of the resulting amplifications.

TL;DR: These results confirm previous theoretical predictions of acute spatial compartmentalization of Ca2+ signalling, and document a form of signalling that may occur whenever rapid and local signal processing is the goal.

TL;DR: This article reviews selected topics of particular relevance for understanding the process of Schwann cell development, including early commitment to the Schwanncell lineage and Schwann Cell precursors, regulation of SchwANN cell proliferation, and regulation of myelin formation.

TL;DR: An increasing body of evidence has implicated excitoxicity as a mechanism of neuronal death in both acute and chronic neurological diseases and it is possible that such a mechanism may occur in neurodegenerative illnesses.

TL;DR: Recent studies that probe the mechanisms whereby normal tau, a component of the neuronal cytoskeleton, undergoes profound alterations to become paired helical filaments in the Alzheimer's diseased brain are discussed.

TL;DR: The pruning of collateral projections is now recognized as a fundamental and widespread mechanism for the development of the diversity and specificity evident in axonal connections of the adult mammalian brain, at multiple levels within neural systems, and across species.

TL;DR: Evidence that differential alternative splicing contributes to this apparent bifunctionality of cell adhesion molecules is discussed.

TL;DR: The lateral intraparietal area appears to be neither a strictly visual nor strictly motor structure; rather it performs visuomotor integration functions including determining the spatial location of saccade targets and forming plans to make eye movements.

TL;DR: Odorous molecules are recognized by specific receptor proteins located in the ciliary membrane of olfactory receptor neurons, and these receptors have been identified using molecular cloning--they are members of the seven-transmembrane-domain G protein-coupled receptor superfamily.

TL;DR: The ability of vesicular amine transport to protect against the neurotoxin MPP+ has permitted the isolation of the first cDNA clone for a member of this family, and the sequence establishes a relationship with drug-resistance transporters in bacteria.

TL;DR: Examination of cerebellar involvement in cognition has been assessed in studies with healthy and neurologically impaired humans has led to new hypotheses that are providing testable predictions about the role of the cerebellum in perception, attention, and other cognitive functions.

TL;DR: The short-term function of motor neurons is to integrate synaptic inputs converging onto the somato-dendritic membrane and to transform the net synaptic drive into spike trains.

TL;DR: The primary feedback control apparatus in the outer retina is the sign-inverting feedback synapse between horizontal cells and cones, which improves the reliability of the photoreceptor output synapses.

TL;DR: This review will examine the emerging evidence of a likely contribution by macrophages to axonal regeneration as well as potential growth factors that are potentially important for regeneration.

TL;DR: The neuroanatomical and neurophysiological data that have been obtained from experimental primates are converging on a framework for understanding the prefrontal influence on motor output that integrates the specializations of prefrontal, premotor and subcortical structures in the control of motor acts.

TL;DR: The results of recent experiments have elucidated mechanisms by which neurotransmitter-induced Ca2+ and cAMP signals regulate immediate early gene expression.

TL;DR: The role of global variables of control, which take into account the dynamic state of the limb, is discussed and neural substrates that are involved in the distributed control of kinematic and dynamic parameters are considered.

TL;DR: A columnar organization has been revealed, and a short-term change of responsiveness has been proposed as a neural correlate of working memory.

TL;DR: The idea that visual signals relayed by the parvocellular and magnocellular subdivisions of the lateral geniculate nucleus remain segregated in the cerebral cortex has attracted considerable attention.

TL;DR: Recent work is evaluated in the light of the original suggestions by Marr, Albus and Gilbert that the cerebellar cortex is a preferred locus for reflex plasticity and motor learning.