Showing papers in "Earthquake Spectra in 2020"
TL;DR: The state-of-the-art review indicates to what extent ML has been applied in four topic areas of earthquake engineering, including seismic hazard analysis, system identification and damage detection, seismic fragility assessment, and structural control for earthquake mitigation.
Abstract: Machine learning (ML) has evolved rapidly over recent years with the promise to substantially alter and enhance the role of data science in a variety of disciplines. Compared with traditional appro...
185 citations
TL;DR: The National Seismic Hazard Model for the conterminous United States was updated during 2017-2018 as mentioned in this paper, which includes new earthquakes. But, the model is not suitable for earthquakes.
Abstract: During 2017–2018, the National Seismic Hazard Model for the conterminous United States was updated as follows: (1) an updated seismicity catalog was incorporated, which includes new earthquakes tha...
116 citations
TL;DR: The feasibility of using machine learning techniques such as discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbors, decision trees, and random forests, to rapidly predict earthquake-induced building damage is evaluated.
Abstract: The ability to rapidly assess the spatial distribution and severity of building damage is essential to post-event emergency response and recovery. Visually identifying and classifying individual bu...
116 citations
TL;DR: The GEM Global Active Faults Database (GAF-DB) is the first public, comprehensive database of active faults with worldwide coverage and is designed to fluidly incorporate changes to or addition of any of the underlying datasets.
Abstract: The GEM Global Active Faults Database (GAF-DB) is the first public, comprehensive database of active faults with worldwide coverage. The GAF-DB is a compilation of many regional datasets. The GAF-D...
95 citations
TL;DR: The Global Earthquake Model (GEM) as discussed by the authors is an open global earthquake risk model developed by the GEM Foundation and its partners to support regional programs and bilateral collaborations to develop an open, risk model.
Abstract: Since 2015, the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation and its partners have been supporting regional programs and bilateral collaborations to develop an open global earthquake risk model. These ...
91 citations
TL;DR: Time-averaged shear wave velocity over the upper 30'm of the earth's surface (VS30) is a key parameter for estimating ground motion amplification as both a predictive and a diagnostic tool for eart...
Abstract: Time-averaged shear wave velocity over the upper 30 m of the earth’s surface (VS30) is a key parameter for estimating ground motion amplification as both a predictive and a diagnostic tool for eart...
66 citations
TL;DR: Indonesia is one of the most seismically active countries in the world, and its large, vulnerable population makes reliable seismic hazard assessment an urgent priority as mentioned in this paper, which is the case in most cases.
Abstract: Indonesia is one of the most seismically active countries in the world, and its large, vulnerable population makes reliable seismic hazard assessment an urgent priority. In 2016, the Indonesian Min...
62 citations
TL;DR: Building exposure and vulnerability models for seismic risk assessment have been the focus of a number of European projects in recent years, but there has never been a concerted effort among the re... as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Building exposure and vulnerability models for seismic risk assessment have been the focus of a number of European projects in recent years, but there has never been a concerted effort among the re...
56 citations
TL;DR: The Global Earthquake Model (GEM) as mentioned in this paper has been used to map the spatial distribution of seismicity in the world, and the GEM Foundation released its first version of a map outlining the spatial distributions of seismi...
Abstract: In December 2018, at the conclusion of its second implementation phase, the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation released its first version of a map outlining the spatial distribution of seismi...
54 citations
TL;DR: Transparency and balance are called for in the EEW discussion: along with its potential, the acknowledgment of EEW’s inherent and practical limitations is needed to make EEW implementation more successful as part of a holistic earthquake mitigation strategy.
Abstract: Earthquake early warning (EEW) entails detection of initial earthquake shaking and rapid estimation and notification to users prior to imminent, stronger shaking. EEW (ShakeAlert Phase 1, version 2...
51 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a nonlinear time history analysis of buildings is used to simulate the seismic damage of buildings in the event of an earthquake, and the simulation provides decision-makers with important information for earthquake disaster prevention and mitigation.
Abstract: Regional seismic damage simulation of buildings provides decision-makers with important information for earthquake disaster prevention and mitigation. Utilizing nonlinear time history analysis usin...
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that bridges tend to sustain excessive seismic demand under pulse-like ground motions attributing to the effect of forward directivity, which is of high likely to occur at locations at locations of interest.
Abstract: Bridges tend to sustain excessive seismic demand (e.g. displacement) under pulse-like ground motions attributing to the effect of forward directivity, which is of high likely to occur at locations ...
TL;DR: The United States Geological Survey national seismic hazard maps have historically been produced for a reference site condition of VS30'='760'm/s as discussed by the authors, for other site conditions, site factors are used,...
Abstract: The United States Geological Survey national seismic hazard maps have historically been produced for a reference site condition of VS30 = 760 m/s. For other site conditions, site factors are used, ...
TL;DR: This paper analyses the actual repair costs of a database of 120 reinforced concrete residential buildings damaged by the 2009 earthquake in L’Aquila, Italy and outlines that repairing hollow clay brick infills and partitions that are typical of the Mediterranean construction standard constitutes the majority of total repair costs.
Abstract: Modern seismic design and the retrofitting of buildings necessarily need to account for expected economic losses. Available refined and simplified procedures implemented in automatic computer tools...
TL;DR: A method for detecting damaged buildings in the event of an earthquake using machine learning models and aerial photographs and a model based on a convolutional neural network is presented, revealing that the latter model is preferable.
Abstract: This article presents a method for detecting damaged buildings in the event of an earthquake using machine learning models and aerial photographs. We initially created training data for machine lea...
TL;DR: The 2017 Puebla, Mexico, earthquake event led to significant damage in many buildings in Mexico City as discussed by the authors, and in the months following the earthquake, civil engineering students conducted detailed building studies.
Abstract: The 2017 Puebla, Mexico, earthquake event led to significant damage in many buildings in Mexico City. In the months following the earthquake, civil engineering students conducted detailed building ...
TL;DR: In this paper, a large-scale experimental investigation on the seismic performance of an innovative, low-cost seismic isolation system for developing countries is presented, which is based on the beneficial e...
Abstract: This study presents a large-scale experimental investigation on the seismic performance of an innovative, low-cost seismic isolation system for developing countries. It is based on the beneficial e...
TL;DR: The Next-Generation Liquefaction database is a resource for the geotechnical hazard community and is replicated in DesignSafe where users can interact with the data using Python scripts in Jupyter notebooks, view point cloud data using Potree, and interact with geospatial data using QGIS.
Abstract: The Next-Generation Liquefaction database is a resource for the geotechnical hazard community. It is publicly available online under the following digital object identifier (DOI): 10.21222/C2J040. ...
TL;DR: Human behavioral response to ground motion produced by earthquakes has been the subject of response readiness campaigns like the Great ShakeOut, conventional wisdom regarding how people respond as humans respond as....
Abstract: Human behavioral response to ground motion produced by earthquakes has been the subject of response readiness campaigns like the Great ShakeOut, conventional wisdom regarding how people respond as ...
TL;DR: In this paper, small-strain damping profiles developed from geotechnical laboratory testing have been observed to be smaller than the damping inferred from the observed site amplification from downhole array reco...
Abstract: Small-strain damping profiles developed from geotechnical laboratory testing have been observed to be smaller than the damping inferred from the observed site amplification from downhole array reco...
TL;DR: For example, the authors assesses the risk of seismic hazard in stable continental regions such as Australia, which face considerable challenges compared with active tectonic regions, such as North America.
Abstract: Seismic hazard assessments in stable continental regions such as Australia face considerable challenges compared with active tectonic regions. Long earthquake recurrence intervals relative to histo...
TL;DR: A G-DIF is proposed that employs regression kriging to combine a sparse sample of accurate field surveys with spatially exhaustive, though uncertain, damage data from forecasts or remote sensing to produce a spatially distributed estimate of damage and, importantly, its uncertainty.
Abstract: While unprecedented amounts of building damage data are now produced after earthquakes, stakeholders do not have a systematic method to synthesize and evaluate damage information, thus leaving many
TL;DR: Semi-empirical models based on in situ geotechnical tests have been the standard-of-practice for predicting soil liquefaction since 1971 as mentioned in this paper, and they have been shown to be the state of the art.
Abstract: Semi-empirical models based on in situ geotechnical tests have been the standard-of-practice for predicting soil liquefaction since 1971. More recently, prediction models based on free, readily ava...
TL;DR: Several experimental studies have shown that rocking shallow foundations have beneficial seismic performance features: recentering and energy dissipation with little damage as discussed by the authors, and a new publicly available publicly availabl...
Abstract: Several experimental studies have shown that rocking shallow foundations have beneficial seismic performance features: recentering and energy dissipation with little damage. A new publicly availabl...
TL;DR: In this article, ground motion simulation validation is an important and necessary task toward establishing the efficacy of physics-based ground motion simulations for seismic hazard analysis and earthquake engine evaluation. But, ground motion validation is not a trivial task.
Abstract: Ground motion simulation validation is an important and necessary task toward establishing the efficacy of physics-based ground motion simulations for seismic hazard analysis and earthquake enginee...
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of soil-structure interaction and nonlinear soil behavior on the seismic fragility of reinforced concrete (RC) dual (frame + shear wall) buildings resting on shal...
Abstract: We investigate the influence of soil–structure interaction (SSI) and nonlinear soil behavior on the seismic fragility of reinforced concrete (RC) dual (frame + shear wall) buildings resting on shal...
TL;DR: In this article, normal-faulting earthquake struck the central region of Mexico on 19 September 2017, leading to the collapse of 44 buildings in Mexico City, and after the earthquake, the authors collected...
Abstract: An intraslab normal-faulting earthquake struck the central region of Mexico on 19 September 2017, leading to the collapse of 44 buildings in Mexico City. After the earthquake, the authors collected...
TL;DR: In this paper, a probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard and risk over a geographical region presents the modeler with challenges in the characterization of the site amplification that are not present in site-spatial models.
Abstract: Probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard and risk over a geographical region presents the modeler with challenges in the characterization of the site amplification that are not present in site-sp...
TL;DR: In this article, a probabilistic seismic hazard model for mainland China by integrating historical earthquakes, active faults, and geodetic strain rates was constructed, and large seismic source zones were delineated based on the model.
Abstract: We construct a probabilistic seismic hazard model for mainland China by integrating historical earthquakes, active faults, and geodetic strain rates. We delineate large seismic source zones based o...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present recommendation for nonlinear site amplification models in Central and Eastern North America (CENA), which are developed from one dimensional site response analyses results and a...
Abstract: This paper presents recommendation for nonlinear site amplification models in Central and Eastern North America (CENA), which are developed from one dimensional site response analyses results and a...