Showing papers in "Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America in 2005"

TL;DR: The role of age-related changes in sex steroid production or availability as playing a key role in mediating agerelated bone loss in both sexes has been identified over the past decade as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Rigorous control of circadian HPA activity optimizes the balance between beneficial and adverse effects of glucocorticoids by minimizing circadian nadir glucOCorticoid secretion (an effect mediated by mineralocortioid receptors).

TL;DR: It is important for the physician to be aware of the possibility of both iatrogenic and factitious Cushing's syndrome, and to be alert to the fact that all forms of glucocorticoid delivery have the potential to cause Cushed's syndrome.

TL;DR: Study results suggest that an increased cardiovascular risk also may persist in patients who undergo treatment with exogenous glucocorticoids after therapy withdrawal, and this could be of great clinical relevance and should be investigated thoroughly.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe corticosteroid biosynthesis, metabolism, and action, as well as the mode of action of Cushing's syndromes using a clinical trial.

TL;DR: It is of the utmost importance to establish collaborative prospective studies with clearly defined entry criteria and standardized evaluation protocols and treatment modalities to appraise the natural history and long-term morbidity of clinically inapparent adrenal adenoma and subclinical Cushing's syndrome.

TL;DR: It appears that PCOS increases a woman's risk of developing cardiovascular disease, and identifying girls at risk for PCOS and implementing treatment early in the development of PCOS may be an effective means of preventing some of the long-term complications associated with this syndrome.

TL;DR: This article focused on the interplay between insulin resistance at the level of the muscle and adipose tissue and normal hepatic insulin sensitivity, which leads to the atherogenic lipoprotein profile that is characteristic of insulin-resistant individuals.

TL;DR: The measurement of late-night salivary cortisol provides the most sensitive method for screening, and urine-free cortisol and low-dose dexamethasone suppression testing may be used for confirmation of the diagnosis of endogenous hypercortisolism.

TL;DR: In patients with ACTH-dependent CS, bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling can facilitate a diagnosis in those with discrepant clinical features, biochemistry, or imaging.

TL;DR: The many antihyperglycemic preparations are best used for type 2 diabetes in a logical sequence, using combinations of agents, with clear targets for glycemic control, and systematic application of the scheme should improve the success of treatment greatly from its currently disappointing level.

TL;DR: Patients on chronic glucocorticoids or initiating these drugs should have their bone density measured and appropriate laboratory studies, and antiresorptive therapy (particularly bisphosphonates) should be considered.

TL;DR: The goals are to demystify the densitometry report and to clarify the role of bone density tests in assessing and managing skeletal health in children.

TL;DR: This article discusses the pathogenesis, epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of nutritional rickets in children, highlighting the roles of exclusive breastfeeding and low dietary calcium intakes in its pathogenesis.

TL;DR: Cushing's syndrome is a relevant model to better understand the effects of glucocorticoid (GC) excess on the human brain and recent studies indicate at least partial reversibility of these abnormalities following correction of hypercortisolism.

TL;DR: Diverse aberrant hormone receptors have been found to be implicated in the regulation of steroidogenesis and pathophysiology of AIMAH, a multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome.

TL;DR: This article reviews recently published data on the prevention of type 2 diabetes and compares the demonstrated effectiveness of each strategy, including lifestyle modification and several pharmacologic agents.

TL;DR: Recent data suggesting a possible shift in the age of pubertal onset is reviewed; current knowledge regarding factors that regulate the onset of puberty; and the etiologies, diagnosis, and treatment of precocious and delayed puberty are reviewed.

TL;DR: The TODAY trial will help to determine the best treatment strategies to improve glycemia, reduce complications, and ameliorate insulin resistance and beta-cell failure.

TL;DR: In this paper, thyroid nodules are clinically evident in approximately 1% of children and about 30% of these are malignant, requiring appropriate surgery, thyroid hormone replacement in and follow-up monitoring of patients who are members of families with tumor syndromes.

TL;DR: There is reason to expect that despite the growing burden of diabetes worldwide, the authors will be better equipped to manage it and its comorbidities and prevent its onset and possibly even cure it.

TL;DR: The single most important recommendation is to ensure that all clinicians involved in the management of these patients are in agreement about general philosophies of diabetes management, and there are "champions" for each discipline: endocrinology, cardiology, anesthesiology, surgery, nursing, and pharmacy, all of which have developed hospital-specific guidelines for glycemic management.

TL;DR: The surgical technique, efficacy, perioperative management, and complications associated with this procedure are described and factors that predict postoperative remission and future relapse of Cushing's disease are addressed.

TL;DR: The current literature about endocrine late effects of hypothalamic-pituitary, thyroid, and gonadal dysfunction, as well as osteoporosis and obesity, are explored.

TL;DR: Obesity in childhood and adolescence hastens their development, enhances their rates of progression, increases the risks of severe complications, and if persistent, reduces life expectancy.

TL;DR: To achieve lipid targets, attention should be directed first toward nonpharmacologic therapeutic interventions, such as diet, exercise, smoking cessation, weight loss, and improving glycemic control.

TL;DR: The origins of the diagnosis idiopathic short stature and current diagnostic criteria, scientific advances in delineating etiologies of idiopathy short stature, management options, and implications of management decisions for child health are reviewed.

TL;DR: A 38-yr-old woman was referred because of a 75-lb weight gain over the past 7 yr and has noticed some increasing facial fullness and has had some problems with climbing stairs.

TL;DR: Oral contraceptives have long been considered the first line of treatment by obstetrician/gynecologists and have many advantages in treating the aspects of PCOS that are most bothersome to teens.

TL;DR: Recent studies confirm that benefits of inhaled corticosteroids outweigh potential adverse effects and the risks associated with poorly controlled asthma.