Showing papers in "Environmental Science & Policy in 2008"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine farmers' livelihood responses and vulnerability to climate variability and other stressors in Morogoro, Tanzania, to understand their implications for adaptation to climate change by agricultural households in developing world more generally.

TL;DR: The authors explored the information needs of California coastal managers as they begin confronting the growing risks from climate change and found that managers prefer certain types of information and information sources and would benefit from various learning opportunities (in addition to that information) to make better use of available global change information.

TL;DR: In this paper, transdisciplinary research of the first type reorganizes knowledge according to the perceived interest of the audience and the second type initiates a co-production of knowledge during which the different policy cultures interact.

TL;DR: The sediment budget concept as mentioned in this paper provides a valuable framework for assisting the management and control of diffuse source sediment pollution and associated problems, by identifying the key sources and demonstrating the importance of intermediate stores and the likely impact of upstream mitigation strategies on downstream suspended sediment and sedimentassociated contaminant fluxes.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the attitudes of households to their water consumption in a search for ways in which domestic demand for water may be reduced, and argue that the complexity of the forces shaping demand needs to be understood in the context of the socio-demographic composition of households in different kinds of dwellings, as well as the cultural, behavioural and institutional aspects of consumption.

TL;DR: For example, the Environment Research Funders' Forum (ERF) has carried out studies to establish what is working, what is not, and why in respect of the linkage between science and environmental policy-making and regulation as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, seven national Action Plans (AP) have been implemented in Denmark to reduce nitrogen discharges from point sources and nitrogen losses from agriculture since 1985, including regulations on point source discharges, area-related measures, e.g., reestablishment of wetlands and afforestation and nutrientrelated measures such as mandatory fertilizer plans and improved utilization of nitrogen in manure.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare and contrast alternative ways of using science to support policy in order to critique traditional commentary on Australian drought policy and find that criticism from narrow disciplinary and institutional perspectives has provided few practical options for policy makers managing these complex and interacting goals.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of approaches to address the challenges of forecasting future health consequences of higher temperatures in a given city, including: (1) using historical weather-mortality relationships for the same region, or a location with a similar climate as the city of interest; (2) evaluating adaptation using the minimum mortality threshold (MMT) temperature (i.e., the temperature with the lowest mortality rate); and (3) estimating the impact of modifiers (e.g., air conditioning, population density, green space) on the temperature and mortality relation,

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored views on uncertainty and uncertainty communication in the Dutch science-policy interface and studies several issues concerning presentation of uncertainty information, and found that uncertainty communication should be concise and policy relevant.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a recent study in the UK aimed at identifying how policy makers might more effectively encourage pro-environmental behaviours amongst their target audiences, and highlight the complex and non-linear nature of environmental behaviours and the importance of adopting multi-levelled and multi-instrument integrated policies across whole systems of delivery.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors normalised the weather-related losses to estimate the insured loss that would be sustained if these events were to recur under year 2006 societal conditions, using two surrogate factors to normalise losses, i.e., changes in both the number and average nominal value of dwellings over time, where nominal dwelling values exclude land value.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present results from the international research project "MOSUS" (Modelling opportunities and limits for restructuring Europe towards sustainability), which was designed to fill some of these research gaps.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reveal complex relationships between the interests of UK science, policy and society in the development of UK climate scenarios and reveal the way in which climate scenarios should be viewed and used in public discourse, strategic planning and policy development.

TL;DR: The need to understand and mitigate diffuse water pollution from agriculture (DWPA) using a range of monitoring or modelling techniques and abatement methods has never been greater as discussed by the authors, however, coupling such pressures to ecological impacts remains a difficult task due to the limited functionality of available toolkits.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on estimating the gap between current and compliant losses of suspended sediment from the agricultural sector in England and Wales in relation to achieving "good ecological status" (GES) in freshwaters by 2015.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the environmental impacts of micro-cogeneration by carrying out a detailed life cycle assessment and an analysis of local air quality impacts of local cogeneration systems, and showed that for the selected conditions, the additional emission of NOx due to the engines do not create severe additional environmental impacts.

TL;DR: The authors used content analysis techniques to examine how the issue of global warming and climate change has been characterized during the period of 1992 through 2005 by the Houston Chronicle and found that regional media attention to the global climate change issue generally increases over time and an overwhelming majority of the news articles view the issue as a harmful problem.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of science shifts from an accommodating role in policy development to a role as advocacy in controversial policy implementation processes, and the authors conclude with some implications for organizing effective science-policy interactions in the field of nature conservation.

TL;DR: Agricultural management and losses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and suspended sediments (SS) from eight small catchments in Norway were analyzed as discussed by the authors. But, despite the increased implementation of mitigation methods by farmers, improvements in water quality at the catchment scale can be attenuated.

TL;DR: An approach is outlined that identifies all theoretically possible adaptation options to reduce adverse climate change-related health outcomes through a search of current practice and experience and through expert solicitation to generate a list of measures that are practical for implementation in a particular population and region.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine Finnish forest owners' experiences and perceptions of biodiversity conservation, and consider the compatibility of these perceptions with national conservation policy, based on a survey of forest owners and the content analysis of national policy documents.

TL;DR: In this paper, a taxonomy of regulatory uncertainties by building on the Miles and Snow scale of environmental uncertainty is presented. But, only little is known about the role of regulatory uncertainty in this context.

TL;DR: In this article, the impacts of different land use management practices on the UK Chalk catchments were explored and it was shown that timelines for water quality improvement demanded by the Water Framework Directive are not realistic for the Chalk, and an indication of time-scales over which improvements might be achieved.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of this policy in terms of reducing diffuse nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pollution of ground and surface water, and showed an overall reduction of diffuse N and P pollution from agriculture even though some goals were not reached.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared different accounting approaches for forest biomass carbon stock changes of past (pre-1990) disturbances and harvest and recent changes in forest management in European countries in the period 2013-2017.

TL;DR: In this paper, an early warning of possible problems which the EU regulatory authorities are likely to face has been given to prediction and control of catchment fluxes of this key parameter.

TL;DR: In this article, an ex-post approach is used to follow the implementation of the EU directives to the national and further to the city level and to identify the relevant voluntary action taken in the city.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated a tradable permit policy for mitigating carbon emissions from personal road transport and discussed various issues of permit allocation, and evaluated the resulting welfare distribution in the USA.

TL;DR: An analysis of frameworks for information on integrated risk assessment and management at the EU level shows how the policy level influences the frameworks and hence the level and use of integrated assessments, and how they interact with new information and scientific frameworks in EU chemicals control such as the REACH legislation.