Showing papers in "European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology in 2021"

Lipid Based Nanocarriers: Promising Drug Delivery System for Topical Application

Abstract: Lipid based delivery system is gaining significant attention of researchers working on the development of novel formulations for improved therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs. Topical drug delivery is needed in treatment of skin, eyes, rectum, vagina disorders and systemic disorders having skin manifestations. Lipid nanocarriers have widespread application in the topical drug delivery due to the biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic and nonirritating nature of the lipid. Microemulsion and nanoemulsion contain lipids in the nanosize range which can lead to penetration of drug to the deeper skin layers. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanolipid carriers act by forming an occlusive layer on the skin leading to increased hydration and penetration of the drug. Vesicular carriers such as liposomes, niosomes, ultradeformable vesicles, cubosomes etc. are also reported to enhance the penetration of the entrapped drugs in deeper layers of skin. These carrier systems are mainly composed of lipids, surfactants, and co‐surfactants which are safe and quite acceptable by regulatory authorities. The present review article focuses on different types of lipid nanocarriers used in topical drug delivery, their advantages and limitations, mechanism of enhanced penetration, work reported in the related literature, characterization tests and their safety and toxicity concerns.

Camelina Sativa Composition, Attributes, and Applications: A Review

Abstract: Camelina sativa seeds are rich in oil (30–49%) and protein (24–31%). They contain ω-3 acids, ω-6 acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds, among others. From an agricultural perspective, growing of this crop is of interest due to its short growth cycle and low fertilizer and water input requirements. Camelina is also tolerant to cold and drought and is consequently well adapted to grow in semiarid regions. Camelina is mainly cultivated for its oil in Europe and North America. In this review, the processes applied for camelina oil extraction, composition, and attributes, as well as the food and nonfood applications of camelina oil are reviewed. Applications include animal feed, functional foods, materials, biofuels, and agrochemicals. Valorization of the camelina protein found in the meal after the oil extraction is also discussed. Practical Applications: The need to develop an integrated process consisting of a degumming step to extract the mucilage from the whole camelina seeds, followed by an oil extraction step, and finally by a protein extraction step is highlighted. There is also a need to develop food applications of camelina oil. More research works should also focus on the utilization of camelina oil in food applications and in specialty applications such as functional foods, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications.

Performance of Green Solvents in the Extraction of Sunflower Oil From Enzyme‐Treated Collets

Abstract: Fil: Rodriguez, Luciana Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Bahia Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingenieria Quimica. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingenieria Quimica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica; Argentina

Pequi Oil, a MUFA/Carotenoid‐Rich Oil, Exhibited Protective Effects against DSS‐Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice

Abstract: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) affect the gastrointestinal tract, and the imbalance of intestinal immune homeostasis can trigger them. Pequi oil (PO), a monounsaturated (MUFA) and carotenoid-rich food with nutraceutical potential, could help reshape the intestinal immune response, ameliorating IBD outcomes. This study investigates the effects of a 28 days intake of PO on elements of the intestinal immune response of mice with DSS-induced ulcerative colitis (disease activity index, colonic damage, inflammatory cells and markers). PO reduces body weight, colonic crypt and goblet cell losses and ameliorates diarrhea. In the colon, it increases γδT cells and secretory-IgA and decreases CD8+T cells. In lymphoid organs, it reduces CD8+T cells. Moreover, it also reduces the IL-17 and CRP in plasma. PO oil promotes a less cytotoxic response that may protect mice from immunological injuries caused by an IBD in the intestinal mucosa, improving the disease prognosis. Practical applications: This study demonstrates that the intake of pequi oil contributes to the regulation of immune response and improves clinical and histological signs of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Its effects in cytotoxic cell reduction and other inflammatory markers and stimulation of regulatory cells, and preservation of mucus-producing cells, provide news insights about the importance of the regular intake of this food to better prognosis of ulcerative colitis acute episodes. In addition, these findings encourage further studies with foods with a protective potential for the intestinal mucosa.

High Metal Chelating Properties from Rapeseed Meal Proteins to Counteract Lipid Oxidation in Foods: Controlled Proteolysis and Characterization

Abstract: Rapeseed meal proteins (RP) are enzymatically hydrolyzed using three individual proteases (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, and Prolyve) and the enzymatic mechanism is studied. Rapeseed hydrolysates are produced under controlled conditions and the Prolyve hydrolysate is separated by membrane filtration. Their capacity to reduce free radicals (by transfer of hydrogen or electron) or transition metals (by electron transfer) in the absence of an oxidizable substrate, their metal chelating capacity as well as the antioxidant performances in model (conjugated autoxidizable triene assay) are investigated. All hydrolysates show a reduction capacity (by transfer of hydrogen or electron) and antioxidant activities, in a dose-dependent manner, which are however not significantly increased in comparison to the native proteins. A noteworthy metal chelating activity of the peptides produced with Prolyve is highlighted. These results indicate the potential of valorization of RP as a source of high metal chelating peptides to counteract lipid oxidation in foods. Practical applications: Over the last decade, the antioxidative potential of peptides from plant biomass has been evidenced by much research. Considering the myriad of possible sources and the diversity of technology and means to obtain peptides from protein materials, it is reasonable to expect more applications. Concomitantly, preventing lipid oxidation, especially with the polyunsaturated fat-based products, is a major concern in sectors such as agri-food and cosmetic. Although the efficacy of synthetic antioxidants is recognized, both consumers and manufacturers are looking for more innovative, healthy, environmental-friendly processes and quality products. In this context, a controlled proteolysis of proteins from plant by-products can be used as a sustainable strategy to produce antioxidant peptides. Among them, new peptides released from rapeseed proteins with Prolyve can provide interesting metal chelators to counteract lipid oxidation in foods.