Showing papers in "Field Crops Research in 2013"

TL;DR: In this article, a review of methods to estimate yield gaps, with a focus on the local-to-global relevance of outcomes, is presented, based on which the authors recommend key components for a yield gap assessment that can be applied at local to global scales.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify two major yield gaps: (1) the gap between actual yields (YA) and the water-limited yield potential (Yw), which is the maximum yield achievable under rainfed conditions without irrigation if soil water capture and storage is optimal and nutrient constraints are released, and (2) The gap between YA, and a locally attainable yield (YL) which corresponds to the water and nutrient-limited yields that can be measured in the most productive fields of resource endowed farmers in a community.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a protocol to overcome these limitations based on examples for irrigated rice in China, irrigated and rainfed maize in the USA, and rain-fed wheat in Germany.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of four N managements (control, N0; conventional urea at 240 kg N −1, UREA; controlled-release bulk blending fertilizer at 240kg N−1, BBF; polymer-coated urea and PCU) under CF and AWD water regime on dry matter accumulation (DMA), grain yield, water and N use efficiencies (WUE/NUE) in late-season rice.

TL;DR: Two simple yet useful approaches are presented that measure the persistence of yield differences between fields, which in combination with maps of average yields can be used to direct further study of specific factors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare global agro-climatic zonation schemes for suitability to up-scale location-specific estimates of Yp and Yw, which are the basis for estimating yield gaps at regional, national, and global scales.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used simulations with the Hybrid-Maize Model (http://www.hybridmaize.unl.edu/ ), field experiments, and farm survey data to assess yield potentials and gaps in four maize agro-ecological regions of China.

TL;DR: There are some unexploited opportunities to improve Yp or Yw in some crops and/or cropping systems and exploitation of these opportunities could be hastened by increasing funding for focussed research and by identifying and eliminating or reducing drags at various stages of the idea to farmer-ready cultivar chain.

TL;DR: In this paper, a two-year field experiment with soil amendment of biochar poultry manure compost (BPC) and pyroligneous solution (PS) was conducted in a moderately salt stressed Entisol from Central China.

TL;DR: It is postulate that modulation of rooting depth by root growth angles is important for nitrogen acquisition by positioning roots in soil domains with the greatest nitrogen availability by positioning genotypes constitutively forming steep root angles.

TL;DR: Breeding varieties with multiple stresses is being accomplished by combining SUB1 with other tolerance traits/genes for wider adaptation in the less favourable rice ecosystems, and further work is ongoing to incorporate SUB1 into more varieties and to strengthen the tolerance conferred by SUB1.

TL;DR: The role that primary aerenchyma in cereal crops and secondary aerenchema in soybean can play in improving their tolerance to flooding is highlighted.

TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the benefits of EENF in terms of yield and N uptake and to determine under what conditions EENFs are most effective.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assessed yield gaps of main staple rainfed crops across contrasting family farming systems in Senegal (millet, subsistence oriented systems), central Brazil (maize, market oriented systems) and Vietnam (machinery, upland rice, subsistence-oriented systems) in 2-3 agricultural seasons in a network of farmers' fields, covering the diversity of soils and farmers' management practices.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 3-year field experiment was established with annual maize-wheat rotation in the north-western IGP of India to evaluate the effect of 3 tillage systems (conventional flat, CTF; no-till flat, NTF; permanent raised beds, NTB) on crop production, water use efficiency, economic profitability and soil physical quality.

TL;DR: Crop Circle ACS-470 active multispectral canopy sensor developed to support precision crop management as mentioned in this paper is an active multi-spectral sensor with six wavebands covering blue, green, red, red-edge, red edge and near infrared spectral regions.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of different manipulations of the source-sink ratios in wheat and barley grown at four different environmental conditions on responsiveness of sinks (grain growth and yield) and sources (spike photosynthesis and water soluble carbohydrates in the stems).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated how synergistic site-specific nitrogen management and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation can be in terms of grain yield, nitrogen and water use efficiencies.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the yield potentials and yield gaps using the EPIC (Environment Policy Integrated Climate) model, Kriging interpolation techniques, GIS and average farm yields at county level.

TL;DR: A trial was conducted to evaluate the grain yield performance of high yielding, early maturing heat tolerant CIMMYT wheat lines, developed recently in Mexico for adaptation to high temperature stresses in South Asia.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the aboveground biomass, nitrogen (N) accumulation and contribution of yield factors (i.e., number of effective panicles, number of spikelets per panicle, and grain weight) on rice yield regulated by optimized nitrogen application at different growth stages.

TL;DR: Kernel number, KW and GY responses to late planting or water stress were more apparent in late than early hybrids, and total biomass and harvest index decreased with delayed planting.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of different cropping systems (CA and conventional) on soil physical and chemical parameters and long-term maize productivity in target communities of the southern and central regions of Malawi were analyzed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of five wheat establishment methods (i) conventional tillage, (ii) reduced-tillage; (iii) rotavator tillage; and (iv) raised bed planting; and v) zero-tilage for their energy and economic efficiency in a Typic Ustochrept alluvial sandy loam soil in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) during 2005-2008.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new fertilizer recommendation method for wheat in China based on yield response and agronomic efficiency using datasets from 2000 to 2011 was described, which showed that the mean yield responses of wheat to N, P and K were 1.7, 1.0 and 0.8 t/ha, respectively.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated WUE of dry land wheat in the Loess Plateau of China and identified management practices returning higher efficiencies, which is an imperative imposed by the critical situation of water resources, as well as by the demographic pressure.

TL;DR: It is concluded that crop residue retention can significantly increase rice yield and substitute a part of inorganic fertilizers, while the magnitude of yield gains and fertilizer reduction may be site-specific and depend on agronomic practices.

TL;DR: The authors evaluated the progeny of a cross between two elite parents that contrast in grain number and grain weight, as a way to better understand how the two desired traits might be combined to achieve a significant boost in yield.

TL;DR: In this article, a digital camera was used to take pictures of the canopies of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with 6 different nitrogen (N) application rates.

TL;DR: Maize grains are formed after silking, but not all dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, phosphorus and potassium deposited in grains are accumulated during grain filling, and there is a conflict between sustaining post-silking photosynthesis and the remobilization and recycling of N, P and K from leaves to grain.