Showing papers in "Food and Chemical Toxicology in 1997"

TL;DR: Results indicated that AfB1 and AfG1 were rapidly degraded using 2% O3, while AfB2 andAfG2 were more resistant to oxidation and required higher levels of O3 (20%) for rapid degradation, while FB1 did not correlate with detoxification, since FB1 solutions treated with O3 were still positive in two bioassay systems.

TL;DR: Both DEHP and DNOP at 5000 ppm caused mild histological changes in the thyroid consisting of reduced follicle size and colloid density, and the liver consisting of endothelial nuclear prominence, nuclear hyperchromicity and anisokaryosis.

TL;DR: The results indicated that the dried flower extracts of H. sabdariffa L. protect rat hepatocytes from t-BHP-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity by different mechanisms.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that corn harvested in Haimen was highly contaminated with FBs and that the contamination level, as well as positive rate in 1993 and 1995, were 10-50-fold higher than those in Penlai, suggesting FBs as a risk factor for promotion of PLC in endemic areas, along with the trichothecene DON.

TL;DR: Nine of the 44 chemical agents classified as "Group I carcinogens" by IARC have been reported to occur in mainstream cigarette smoke, and several correlations between the yield of a particular chemical in mainstream smoke and certain cigarette characteristics were observed.

TL;DR: Spermine was the most toxic amine, and the high dose level showed a great number of changes, such as emaciation, aggressiveness, convulsions and paralysis of the hind legs, which were seen in Wistar rats.

TL;DR: No mutagenicity was induced in either TA98 or TA100 by any of the seven azo dyes or the reduced metabolites when tested at concentrations as high as 200 microg/plate, with or without exogenous metabolic activation by rat liver fraction S-9.

TL;DR: A simple and sensitive reverse-phase HPLC method using solid-phase extraction has been developed for the analysis of cafestol and kahweol in coffee brews to confirm that the method of coffee brewing is a major determinant of the cup content and hence level of consumption of these diterpenes.

TL;DR: The choice of foods, including beef, pork, poultry, game, fish, egg and sausages, was based on an investigation of an elderly population in Stockholm participating in an analytical epidemiological case-control study on cancer risks after intake of heterocyclic amines.

TL;DR: It is shown that marinating is one method that can significantly reduce PhIP concentration in grilled chicken, and that sugar was involved in the increased MeIQx, but the reason for the decrease was unclear.

TL;DR: The results of the present study suggest that although LAB may bind carcinogen in vitro, this does not lead to major changes in absorption and distribution of carcinogens in the body, or in their genotoxic activity in the liver.

TL;DR: When 56 flavonoids, 32 coumarins, five naphthoquinones, 12 anthraquinones and five structurally-related compounds were tested for their antimutagenic potencies with respect to mutagenicities induced by Salmonella typhimurium TA98 distinct structure-activity relationships were detected.

TL;DR: It is concluded that pullulan lacks significant toxicological activity and lacks mutagenic/carcinogenic potential, which would support use in various foods as a substrate for flavours.

TL;DR: A method for the determination of HAAs was developed and 4'-Hydroxy-PhIP ¿2-amino-1-methyl-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-beta]pyridine¿ (4'-OH-Ph IP) was indeed found in meat as well as in urine, and there were rather large inter-individual variations in the amounts of excreted HAAs.

TL;DR: It is found that on administration of coumarin (2 mg orally) no detectable 7-hydroxycoumarin was excreted in the 0-8-hr urine, rather, approximately 50% of the dose was eliminated as 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, the end-product of cou marin 3-Hydroxylation.

TL;DR: The background to the development of the human 4 hour patch test is provided, the value of the method in providing 'gold standard' data for the identification of those substances (or preparations) which should be classified as irritant to skin in European legislation is discussed and recommendations are made.

TL;DR: The first report on the clastogenicity and mutagenicity of COUM in mammalian cells is reported, which indicates that the compound may act through topoisomerase II inhibition and/or DNA intercalation.

TL;DR: There was no significantly altered development of neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions attributable to the stevioside treatment in any organ or tissue, except for a decreased incidence of mammary adenomas in females and a reduced severity of chronic nephropathy in males.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate the pro-oxidant activities of polyphenolic flavonoids, which are generally considered as antioxidants and anticarcinogens, and suggest their possible dual role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.

TL;DR: Several phthalate esters with alcohol moieties ranging from C5-C10 chains were investigated for prenatal toxicity in rats per group after gavage administration of 0, 40, 200 and 1000 mg/kg/day from gestation day 6 to 15, showing clear foetotoxicity, embryolethality and teratogenicity.

TL;DR: Examination of the urinary bladders of male and female rats following oral dosing with [14C]AITC showed a sex difference with greater amounts of AITC and/or its metabolites within the bladder tissue of male rats, in a carcinogenicity study conducted by the National Toxicology Program in the USA.

TL;DR: Regression analysis showed that fluorosis was significantly correlated with the consumption of milk tea made from brick tea water, but not with any other dietary component (including milk).

TL;DR: Acesulfame-K, a sweetening agent, was evaluated in vivo for its genotoxic and clastogenic potentials and should be used with caution.

TL;DR: The presence of organochlorine pesticides in Spanish pasteurized milk were investigated and none of the samples exceeded the limit for the DDT group.

TL;DR: The results of this 13-wk smoke inhalation study indicated that the addition of 5000 ppm menthol to tobacco had no substantial effect on the character or extent of the biological responses normally associated with inhalation of mainstream cigarette smoke in rats.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the in vitro human skin permeation of octyl salicylate is relatively low and suggests the possibility that the 14C label appearing in the receptor fluid may, in both cases, represent salicylic acid.

TL;DR: An arachidonic acid-enriched oil, derived from Mortierella alpina, was subjected to a programme of studies to establish its preliminary safety for use in infant nutrition and the no-observed-adverse-effect level of the AA-oil was placed at the highest levels tested.

TL;DR: The fundamental mechanism governing glycoalkaloids action both against fungi, insects and other phytopathogens and in animal and human cells may be disruption of cell membranes and changes in ion fluxes and interstitial currents of the membranes.

TL;DR: Based on the data submitted, a number of the cell cytotoxicity assays show considerable promise as screens for ocular irritancy and can serve as a valuable component of a tiered or battery testing program.

TL;DR: Evidence of safety is supported by the occurrence of furfural as a natural component of traditional foods, at concentrations in the diet resulting in a 'natural intake' that is at least 100 times higher than the intake offurfural from use as a flavour ingredient.