Showing papers in "Fuel in 2001"

TL;DR: In this paper, the transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil in supercritical methanol was investigated without using any catalyst, and it was shown that in a preheating temperature of 350°C, 240 s of supercritical treatment of methenol was sufficient to convert the rapeseed oils to methyl esters.

TL;DR: In this paper, a kinetic study in free catalyst transesterification of rapeseed oil was made in subcritical and supercritical methanol under different reaction conditions of temperatures and reaction times.

TL;DR: In this paper, the pyrolysis characteristics of 11 different components, representing the dry cellulosic fraction and plastics of municipal solid waste (MSW) have been investigated at a constant heating rate of 10°C/min in an inert atmosphere.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared a direct and continued methodological approach of bitumen oxidation process (adapted IR cell), a road ageing, along with two ageing conventional tests: the Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT) and the Pressure Ageing Vessel (PAV).

TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of using Fe 2 O 3 as an oxygen carrier has been investigated in a fixed bed quartz reactor, where the iron oxide was exposed to repeated cycles of air and methane at 950 ° C, with the outlet gas concentrations measured.

TL;DR: In this paper, the relative real permittivity of coal is greater than most composite mineral matter with the exception of pyrite, which may increase the bulk coal electric permittivities if present in sufficient quantity.

TL;DR: In this article, two organic additives were selected for their different physico-chemical parameters to study the behaviour of a diesel-ethanol mixture and two diesel engines with direct and indirect injection.

TL;DR: In this paper, a non-stoichiometric equilibrium model based on free energy minimization is developed to predict the performance of gasifiers, considering five elements and 44 species in both the gas and solid phases.

TL;DR: In this article, robust TG-FTIR quantification routines were developed for infrared analysis of volatile products relevant to biomass pyrolysis, applied to wheat straw, three types of tobacco (Burley, Oriental, and Bright), and three biomass model compounds (xylan, chlorogenic acid, and d -glucose).

TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of HZSM-5 zeolite in the upgrading of a wood pyrolysis oil produced in the ENEL fast-pyrolyisation plant located in Bastardo, Italy, was studied in repeated upgrading-regenerating cycles.

TL;DR: In this article, a simple equation based on proximate analysis (volatile matter and fixed carbon contents) is presented which allows calculation of the higher heating value of lignocellulosics as well as the charcoals resulting from their carbonization.

TL;DR: In this article, the implications of O 2 /CO 2 recycle combustion on NO x and SO 2 emissions were investigated in a coal-fired power plant and two main types of experiments were performed: combustion in once-through O 2/CO 2 mixtures and experiments with recycled flue gas.

TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis of zeolites from Spanish fly ashes at laboratory (g and kg sample size) and pilot plant (metric ton sample size), and on the potential application of the synthesized zeolitic material were investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the signal from the first electronically excited state of a premixed laminar flame to ground (at 305.4nm) to determine the viability of using OH chemiluminescence as an active control parameter for high-pressure, premixed flames.

TL;DR: In this article, various requirements that led to the development of various operational jet fuels, including United States (US) Jet A (European Jet A-1), Jet Propellant JP-4 (European F-40), JP-5, JP-8 (F-34), and JP-TS (US only), were outlined.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the modelling of the ash-chemistry of seven biomass fuels under reducing, pressurised conditions in fluidised bed gasification by means of thermodynamic multi-phase multi-component equilibrium (TPCE) calculations.

TL;DR: In this article, a two heating zone pyrolysis system capable of a heating rate of 40°C/s and a flow rate of 70ml/s was coupled to a rapid scanning Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer.

TL;DR: In this article, gas transport and adsorption were investigated on a 3.8 cm diameter core of a medium volatile bituminous coal from Gelik seam in the Zonguldak Basin (Northwestern Turkey) by using quantitative X-ray computerized tomography (CT) imaging technique to visualize the interior of the coal during the experiment.

TL;DR: In this article, the thermal decomposition of sugarcane bagasse pyrolysis was investigated at different heating rates (10, 20, 40 and 60°C/min).

TL;DR: In this paper, a feasibility study of CH 4 partial oxidation into H 2 and CO by means of thermodynamic and kinetic analyses was performed using the Gibbs free energy minimisation method, and the kinetic modelling has employed the CHEMKIN package incorporating the GRI 1.2 mechanisms of CH4 oxidation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the possibility of using chemiluminescence as an active feedback control parameter to deduce the equivalence ratio, and therefore NO x production and combustion stability, for premixed flames at high pressure.

TL;DR: In this article, the carboxylic functional groups on the surface of coal were considered the preferential sites of adsorption when compared with the other groups, regardless of the partial pressure or the gas species.

TL;DR: In this article, the formation of polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbons from the pyrolysis of cellulose, pectin, and chlorogenic acid was studied.

TL;DR: The effect of pyrolysis conditions on the yield and composition of char from pectin was studied in this article, and the results were consistent with the analysis of the evolved gases.

TL;DR: In this paper, the real time evolution kinetics of formaldehyde, hydroxyacetaldehyde, CO and CO 2 during the pyrolysis of cellulose were studied in a fast evolved gas-FTIR apparatus (EGA).

TL;DR: In this article, three different biomass samples were subjected to direct and catalytic pyrolysis in order to obtain hydrogen-rich gaseous products at desired temperatures, both untreated and impregnated with catalyst, were pyrolysed at 770, 925, 975 and 1025 K temperatures.

TL;DR: In this paper, experiments with small particles of spruce wood (0.5-1.0mm) were carried out both in a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) and in a coupling of the TGA with a consecutive tubular reactor.

TL;DR: In this paper, the mobility of water-soluble major and trace elements in six Spanish fly ashes using room temperature open and closed and heated closed leaching systems in an attempt to reduce the content of undesirable species in coal combustion byproducts to increase their potential applications.

TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive numerical model was constructed to simulate the coal gasification process of a slurry feed type, entrained-flow coal gasifier was numerically predicted.

TL;DR: In this article, the use of flue gas desulfurization products (FGDs) on agricultural land has been studied for improving soil physical properties such as water infiltration, soil aggregation, and particle stability.